Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. Consumer Lending Consumer Lending regarding Banking Law This content deals with legal and regulatory aspects of Consumer Lending covered in connexion with financial law and banking / lending Institutions....
2. Lending Institution Banking and Lending Institution Forms in relation with Consumer Lending This content deals with legal and regulatory aspects of Banking and Lending Institution Forms covered in connexion with Consumer Lending and banking / lending Institutions....
3. Back to Back Back to Back Letter of Credit in International Trade Meaning of Back to Back Letter of Credit, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A new letter of credit opened in favour of another beneficiary on the basis of an already existing one, not a transferable [...]...
4. Second Advising Bank Second Advising Bank in International Trade Meaning of Second Advising Bank, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): In a letter of credit transaction, the seller usually prefers that the incoming letters of credit be advised through its bank account. However, [...]...
5. Validity Validity in International Trade Meaning of Validity, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The time period for which a letter of credit is valid. After receiving notice of a letter of opened in his behalf, the seller/exporter/beneficiary must meet all the [...]...
6. Expiration Date Expiration Date in International Trade Meaning of Expiration Date, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): In a letter of credit transaction, the final date the seller (beneficiary of the credit) may present documents and draw a draft under the terms of the [...]...
7. Remittance Remittance in International Trade Meaning of Remittance, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Funds forwarded from one person to another as payment for bought items or services. Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities [...]...
8. Trade Finance Trade Finance in International Trade Meaning of Trade Finance, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): This is the way in which an exporter requires an importer to prepay for goods ship. The importer wants to reduce risks by asking the exporter to document that [...]...
9. Consideration of Applications Consideration of Applications in relation with Consumer Lending This content deals with legal and regulatory aspects of Consideration of Applications covered in connexion with Consumer Lending and banking / lending Institutions....
10. Retail Installment Retail Installment in relation with Consumer Lending This content deals with legal and regulatory aspects of Retail Installment covered in connexion with Consumer Lending and banking / lending Institutions....
11. Pre-advice Pre-advice in International Trade Meaning of Pre-advice, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): In letters of credit, at the request of an applicant, the issuing bank may give a pre-advice of issuance and/or amendment of the letter of credit. A pre-advice is [...]...
12. Lending Credit Unions Generally in relation with Credit Unions This content deals with legal and regulatory aspects of Credit Unions Generally covered in connexion with Credit Unions and banking / lending Institutions....
13. Loan Review Loan Servicing and Review in relation with Consumer Lending This content deals with legal and regulatory aspects of Loan Servicing and Review covered in connexion with Consumer Lending and banking / lending Institutions....
14. Letter of Indemnity A document issued by a shipper of merchandise to a steamship line as an inducement for the carrier to issue a clean bill of Lading (read this and related legal terms for further details) where it might not otherwise do s......
15. Discrepancies Discrepancies in International Trade Meaning of Discrepancies, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): In the context of letters of credit, discrepancies arises when documents presented under a letter of credit do not conform to the terms of the credit; [...]...
16. Negotiating Bank Negotiating Bank in International Trade Meaning of Negotiating Bank, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): In a letter of credit transaction, the bank that: receives and examines the seller's documents for adherence to the terms and conditions of the [...]...
17. Advising Bank Definition of Advising Bank in International Trade The following is a concept of Advising Bank in the context of international trade law, from the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The bank that notifies the exporter of the opening of a letter of credit in his or her [...]...
18. Confirming Bank Confirming Bank in International Trade Meaning of Confirming Bank, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): In a letter of credit transaction, the bank that assumes responsibility to the seller (usually the exporter) for payment from the issuing bank (buyer's [...]...
19. Foreign Exchange Foreign Exchange in International Trade Meaning of Foreign Exchange, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Current or liquid claims payable in foreign currency and in a foreign country (bank balances, checks, bills of exchange). Not to be confused with foreign [...]...
20. Open Account Open Account in International Trade Meaning of Open Account, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A payment term under which the buyer promises to pay the seller within a predetermined number of days, and the seller does not restrict the availability of [...]...
21. Trade Documents Trade Documents in International Trade Meaning of Trade Documents, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Paper documents (or electronic files) used in international trade that prove that certain events have taken place. For convenience, the documents commonly [...]...
22. Commercial Lending Commercial Lending regarding Banking Law This content deals with legal and regulatory aspects of Commercial Lending covered in connexion with financial law and banking / lending Institutions....
23. Leases of Property Leases of Personal, Family, or Household Property in relation with Consumer Lending This content deals with legal and regulatory aspects of Leases of Personal, Family, or Household Property covered in connexion with Consumer Lending and banking / lending Institutions....
24. Fire Insurance Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance...
25. Issuance Issuance in International Trade Meaning of Issuance, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The establishment of a letter of credit by the issuing bank (buyer's bank) based on the buyer's application and credit relationship with the bank. See letter of [...]...
26. Lendings Oil and Gas Reserve Lending regarding Banking Law This content deals with legal and regulatory aspects of Oil and Gas Reserve Lending covered in connexion with financial law and banking / lending Institutions....
27. Open Policy Marine insurance policy issued to cover various unspecified voyages over the life of the policy. An open policy is issued to a firm engaged in extensive shipping transactions, the details of which are probably unknown at the time the policy is issued; usually, the policyholder declares his [...]...
28. Operative Instrument A letter of Credit (read this and related legal terms for further details) transmitted by cable rather than on bank stationery. Customarily a bank may send a telex notification to the beneficiary of the letter of credit ......
29. Promissory Note Introduction to Promissory Note Promissory Note, in the law of negotiable instruments, written instrument containing an unconditional promise by a party, called the maker, who signs the instrument, to pay to another, called the payee, a definite sum of money either on demand or at a specified [...]...
30. Availability Definition of Availability in International Trade The following is a concept of Availability in the context of international trade law, from the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): In letters of credit, refers to the availability of documents in exchange for payment of the [...]...
31. Special Marine Policy Special Marine Policy in International Trade Meaning of Special Marine Policy, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): An insurance policy which is issued to cover a single shipment. The special marine policy form calls for the name of the vessel and sailing [...]...
32. Discount Discount in International Trade Meaning of Discount, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A deduction from an amount due to given consideration of such circumstances as prompt or early payment or an order of unusually large quantity. Selling a receivable or [...]...
33. Beneficiary Summary of Beneficiary The party named in a letter of credit as authorized to draw bills of exchange for acceptance by the issuing bank.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Spanish Translation of beneficiary This is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to [...]...
34. Silent Confirmation Silent Confirmation in International Trade Meaning of Silent Confirmation, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): In letters of credit, in addition to the commitment of the issuing bank, the advising bank can, by silent confirmation, enter into its own, [...]...
35. Lending Policies Federal Community Lending and Investment Policies regarding Banking Law This content deals with legal and regulatory aspects of national Community Lending and Investment Policies covered in connexion with financial law and banking / lending Institutions....
36. Lending Against Oil Reserves Lending Against Oil and Gas Reserves in relation with Oil and Gas Reserve Lending This content deals with legal and regulatory aspects of Lending Against Oil and Gas Reserves covered in connexion with Oil and Gas Reserve Lending and banking / lending Institutions....
37. Trade Union Fund Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance...
38. Straight Straight B/L in International Trade Meaning of Straight B/l, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A non-negotiable bill of lading which specifies the consignee to whom the goods are to be delivered. It is used when payment for the goods has been made in [...]...
39. Cover Note Cover Note in International Trade Meaning of Cover Note, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Document issued by insurance company or insurance brokers instead of insurance policies or insurance certificates, which serves as proof of usual insurance [...]...
40. Issuing Bank Issuing Bank in International Trade Meaning of Issuing Bank, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The buyer's bank which establishes a letter of credit at the request of the buyer, in favour of the beneficiary (exporter/seller). Also called buyer's [...]...
41. Shipment Received For Shipment B/L in International Trade Meaning of Received For Shipment B/L, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A bill of lading which confirms the receipt of goods by the carrier, but not their actual loading on board. This document can be [...]...
42. Factoring Summary of Factoring A method of financing trade whereby the factor purchases the seller's accounts receivable, usually advancing a portion of the receivables, with the balance paid upon maturity of the accounts. In most cases, the factor assumes all commercial risks associated with the [...]...
43. Negotiation Summary of Negotiation The act whereby title to, and rights in, a negotiable instrument are transferred from one party to another. Instruments payable to "bearer"or endorsed in blank are negotiated by mere delivery; instruments payable "to order"of a specific party are [...]...
44. Lockbox Banking Lockbox Banking regarding Banking Law This content deals with legal and regulatory aspects of Lockbox Banking covered in connexion with financial law and banking / lending Institutions....
45. Drawing Drawing in E.U. Patent SystemOne or more specially-prepared figures filed as a part of a patent application to explain and describe the invention. Drawings (or illustrations, where appropriate) are more commonly found with inventions for mechanical or electrical devices. As a rule, chemical [...]...
46. Insurance Broker Insurance Broker in International Trade Meaning of Insurance Broker, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): An individual or firm who represents buyers of insurance and deals with insurance companies or their agents in arranging for insurance coverage for the [...]...
47. Letter of Correction Letter of Correction in International Trade Meaning of Letter of Correction, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A letter addressed to a consulate containing such data as needed to resolve any necessary corrections in consular documentation....
48. Full Tax Credit For more details on Double Taxation, click here.......
49. Foreign Tax Credit System A taxing scheme which permits a firm to offset income tax liabilities in its home country by applying sums paid to foreign tax authorities as credits against the domestic tax burden. For example, if an American firm doing business in Canada paid one million dollars in income taxes to the Canadian go......
50. Credit D´impot A tax credit permitted in Belgium to recipients of certain dividend income in recognition that the corporation paying the dividend has been previously taxed upon the income.......
51. Trade Credit Credit granted by nonfinancial firms, usually in the form of short-term deferral of payment of invoices by customers, e.g., account open sales. Also, trade credit represents the purchase of a firm's accounts receivable or trade acceptances.......
52. Transferable Letter of Credit A Letter Of Credit (read this and related legal terms for further details) that is transferable from the original beneficiary to a subsequent beneficiary. This type of credit is used when the original beneficiary is a br......
53. Methods Largest Remainder Method in Election Law A technique used in proportional representation voting systems, involving a two-phase process for allocating seats. Firstly, seats are divided in proportion to the number of votes obtained by each candidate. This ratio varies depending on the quota [...]...
54. Research Methods Research Methods for Sociology Sociologists use nearly all the methods of acquiring information that are used in the other social sciences and the humanities, from advanced mathematical statistics to the interpretation of texts. They also rely heavily on primary statistical information [...]...
55. Counterterrorism Methods Methods of CounterterrorismIntroduction to Counterterrorism MethodsAt times of extraordinarily serious terrorist threat, many governments have accorded law-enforcement authorities special powers of arrest and detention. These powers have generally been temporary and were meant spec......
56. Juristic Methods Necessary to Understand Foreign Juristic Methods Lassa Oppenheim, in the book entitled The Future of International Law, about Necessary to Understand Foreign Juristic Methods, wrote in 1921: 75. In worse plight than even the employment of foreign literature is the understanding of foreign [...]...
57. Methods of Reasoning Methods of Reasoning and the Courts Resources See Also Interpretation Reasoning Codification...
58. Qualitative Methods Literature Review on (Research Methods) Qualitative Methods In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Larry S. Luto offers the following summary about the topic of (Research Methods) Qualitative Methods: Qualitative research approaches help further our [...]...
59. Methods of Financing Resources See Also Social Security Financing Social Insurance Social Security System...
60. Legal Research Methods ......
61. Extrinsic Methods of Interpretation Extrinsic Methods of Interpretation or Reading "Beyond the Civil Code" Codification: Interpretation and Reasoning Note: there is an entry about the subject of this section in this legal Encyclopedia. Methods and Techniques/Means/Tools of Interpretation There is more general [...]...
62. Interpretation Process and Methods Interpretation: Process and Methods This includes (see the corresponding entries): A. Interpretation of Statutes: Common Law and Civil Law PerspectivesB. Interpretation of Civil Codes...
63. Research Methods Validation Literature Review on (Research Methods) Validation In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Teva J. Scheer offers the following summary about the topic of (Research Methods) Validation: Validity refers to the degree to which a test or other selection devices [...]...
64. Bacteriological Methods of Warfare Embracing mainstream international law, this section on bacteriological methods of warfare explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "bacteriological methods of warfare" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic [...]...
65. Biological Methods of Warfare Embracing mainstream international law, this section on biological methods of warfare explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "biological methods of warfare" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of [...]...
66. Methods of Private International Law This section contain conflict of laws information and cross references related to methods of private international law on some major countries and additional jurisdictions. It covers key issues involved when citizens face international situations. Information on private international law cases [...]...
67. Vocational Rehabilitation Methods Resources See Also Vocation Vocational Education Profession Vocational Rehabilitation...
68. Acceptance Credit Acceptance Financing is considered here.......
69. Clean Credit A letter of credit (read this and related legal terms for further details) against which the beneficiary may draw without supplying documents.......
70. Credit Currency Synonymous with Fiduciary Currency (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
71. Credit Method For more details on Double Taxation, click here.......
72. Credit Tranche A lending facility at the International Monetary Fund for nations suffering balance of payments difficulties. Before borrowing in the credit tranche, a nation must have exhausted its gold tranche facility. The gold tranche is equivalent to the amount of gold that a nation has deposited with the IMF,......
73. Letter of Credit A document issued by a commercial bank committing itself to honor drafts drawn in accordance with the terms of the credit. The party to whom the credit is issued is the beneficiary; the party on behalf of whom the bank issues the credit is the applicant. Letters of credit may be issued as [...]...
74. Sight Credit A letter of credit (read this and related legal terms for further details) under which sight drafts shall be drawn.......
75. Sterling Credit A letter of credit (read this and related legal terms for further details) against which bills of exchange are to be drawn in pounds sterling.......
76. Usance Credit Also known as a time credit, a Letter of Credit (q. v.) that provides that the drafts drawn under the credit will mature thirty, sixty, or more days, up to nine months, after sight or date. A letter of credit providing for settlement more than nine months from shipment of the goods is normally in t......
77. Clean Letter of Credit Synonymous with CLEAN CREDIT.......
78. Commodity Credit Corporation A Federally chartered corporation controlled by the U.S. government and administered as a part of the Department of Agriculture. In addition to various domestic agricultural stabilization efforts, the CCC administers three foreign sales promotion programs.......
79. Deferred Payment Credit Any letter of CREDIT (read this and related legal terms for further details) that provides for payment to the beneficiary at any point in time later than sight.......
80. Delayed Payment Credit A letter of CREDIT (read this and related legal terms for further details) under which the beneficiary submits his draft after having supplied shipping papers or other documents. This form of letter of credit usually pro......
81. Irrevocable Letter of Credit See Letter of Credit.......
82. Shipper's Credit Agreement An arrangement by which certain conferences grant terms usually fourteen to thirty days, for freight services performed by member carriers. Customarily the shipper provides the CONFERENCE (read this legal term for further details) with bank and cr......
83. Unconfirmed Letter of Credit See Letter of Credit.......
84. Process and Production Methods Process and Production Methods (PPMs) This section provides an overview of process and production methods (ppms) within the legal context of National Treatment in international economic law, with coverage of Non-Discrimination in Trade of Goods and Services (Principles)....
85. Tax Exemption Method For more details on Double Taxation, click here.......
86. Tax Haven A legal jurisdiction that levies no, or very low, taxes on the income of firms organized under its laws or operating within its borders. Often the exemption is limited to firms organized in, but not operating in, the country.......
87. Tax Holiday A period of time (usually several years) during which an enterprise is exempt from some or all taxes. This device is often used in conjunction with economic development programs as an inducement to attract industry.......
88. Tax Incidence Summary of Tax Incidence The place where a tax finally comes to rest. For example, a value added tax is passed through the marketing process to the final purchaser. (Main Author: William J. Miller) Literature Review on Tax Incidence In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration [...]...
89. Tax Sparing The remission, reduction, or deferral of certain taxes offered to foreign businesses as an inducement to invest locally.......
90. Taxe Sur Valeur Ajoutee The French translation of value added tax (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
91. Bill Of Credit A document requesting or directing the addressee to extend credit to a party stipulated in the letter. The person issuing the letter serves as a guarantor for any credit so extended.......
92. Acknowledgment of Credit Spanish Translation of acknowledgment of creditThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to acknowledgment of credit and / or a definition of this topic: Reconocimiento de Créditos (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry)....
93. Credit Spanish Translation of credit This is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to credit and / or a definition of this topic: Haber (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry). Spanish Translation of credit This is the legal translation of English to Spanish in [...]...
94. Credit Risk Contents Credit Risk Credit Risk and Collateralization Credit risk is the danger that a firm will not receive an amount ... Read more...
95. Credit Support Contents Credit Support Credit Support Deed and English and New York Credit Support Annexes Collateral is commonly provided in respect ... Read more...
96. Credit Guarantees Group on Export Credits and Credit Guarantees in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Group on Export Credits and Credit Guarantees: A subgroup of the OECD Trade .Committee,comprising all OECD [...]...
97. Extensions of Credit In the United States For information about Extensions of credit in the context of international trade, click here...
98. Documentary Credit Documentary Credit in International Trade Meaning of Documentary Credit, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Documentary credit means the same thing than "letter of credit". Traders and bankers in some parts of the world (US, Asia) tend to use the [...]...
99. Merchant's Credit Merchant's Credit in International Trade Meaning of Merchant's Credit, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A letter of credit issued by the buyer himself. Contains no commitment whatever on the part of a bank. See letter of credit....
100. Rollover Credit Rollover Credit in International Trade Meaning of Rollover Credit, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Any line of credit that can be borrowed against up to a stated credit limit and into which repayments go for crediting. See letter of credit....
101. Credit Enhancements Literature Review on Credit Enhancements In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Martin J. Luby and Tima T. Moldogaziev provide the following summary about the topic of Credit Enhancements: State and local governments often seek third-party credit enhancement as [...]...
102. Consumer Credit What is Consumer Credit in relation with Consumer Lending This content deals with legal and regulatory aspects of What is Consumer Credit covered in connexion with Consumer Lending and banking / lending Institutions....
103. Credit Applications Credit Applications in relation with Consumer Lending This content deals with legal and regulatory aspects of Credit Applications covered in connexion with Consumer Lending and banking / lending Institutions....
104. Credit Documents Loan or Credit Documents in relation with Consumer Lending This content deals with legal and regulatory aspects of Loan or Credit Documents covered in connexion with Consumer Lending and banking / lending Institutions....
105. Credit Unions Credit Unions regarding Banking Law This content deals with legal and regulatory aspects of Credit Unions covered in connexion with financial law and banking / lending Institutions....
106. Credit Transactions Third-party Legal Opinions in Credit Transactions in relation with Legal Opinions This content deals with legal and regulatory aspects of Third-party Legal Opinions in Credit Transactions covered in connexion with Legal Opinions and banking / lending Institutions....
107. Letters of Credit Letters of Credit regarding Banking Law This content deals with legal and regulatory aspects of Letters of Credit covered in connexion with financial law and banking / lending Institutions....
108. Advice of Credit Description of Advice of Credit Resources See Also Advice Banks Banking...
109. Open Credit Resources See Also Open account Open-end credit plan...
110. Credit Disclosure Resources See Also Annual percentage rate Consumer Credit Protection Act Truth-in-Lending Act...
111. Credit Bureau Resources See Also Credit rating Credit report...
112. Credit Insurance Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance Resources See Also Insurance (Credit insurance)...
113. Credit Line Resources See Also Line (Line of credit)...
114. General Credit Resources See Also General reputation...
115. Agricultural Credit Resources See Also Farming Farm Bill Agricultural Law Agriculture Reform Agriculture...
116. Credit Cooperative Resources See Also Credit Union Cooperative Collective...
117. Credit Union Resources See Also Credit Union Cooperative Collective...
118. Credit Policy Resources See Also Economic Development Social development...
119. Access to Credit Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance...
120. Credit Control Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance...