Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. Adjusted Gross Income Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Adjusted Gross Income) Ad Valorem Tax (sometimes, including Adjusted Gross Income) Alternative Minimum Tax (sometimes, including Adjusted Gross Income) Big Four (audit firms) (sometimes, [...]...
2. Gross Income Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Gross Income) Ad Valorem Tax (sometimes, including Gross Income) Alternative Minimum Tax (sometimes, including Gross Income) Big Four (audit firms) (sometimes, including Gross Income) [...]...
3. History of Taxation Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including History of Taxation) ...
4. Ad Valorem Tax Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Ad Valorem Tax) ...
5. Church Tax Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Church Tax) ......
6. Corporate Tax Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Corporate Tax) ...
7. Inheritance Tax Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Inheritance Tax) ...
8. Payroll Tax Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Payroll Tax) Ad Valorem Tax (sometimes, including Payroll Tax) Alternative Minimum Tax (sometimes, including Payroll Tax) Big Four (audit firms) (sometimes, including Payroll Tax) Black [...]...
9. Progressive Tax Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Progressive Tax) ...
10. Regressive Tax Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Regressive Tax) ...
11. Withholding Tax Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Withholding Tax) ...
12. Sales Tax Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Sales Tax) Ad Valorem Tax (sometimes, including Sales Tax) Alternative Minimum Tax (sometimes, including Sales Tax) Big Four (audit firms) (sometimes, including Sales Tax) Black Market [...]...
13. Capital Gains Tax Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Capital Gains Tax) ...
14. Alternative Minimum Tax Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Alternative Minimum Tax) ...
15. Indirect Tax Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Indirect Tax) "https://lawin.org/Ad-valorem-tax/" target="_blank"......
16. Estate Tax Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Estate Tax) Ad Valorem Tax (sometimes, including Estate Tax) Alternative Minimum Tax (sometimes, including Estate Tax) Big Four (audit firms) (sometimes, including Estate Tax) Black [...]...
17. Big Four Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Big Four) Ad......
18. Public Finance Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Public Finance) Ad Valorem Tax (sometimes, including Public Finance) Alternative Minimum Tax (sometimes, including Public Finance) Big Four (audit firms) (sometimes, including Public [...]...
19. Excise Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Excise) Ad V......
20. Value Added Tax Summary of Value Added Tax A tax imposed upon the value added to a product at each stage of the production process. The tax is applicable to all goods, from primary to consumer products. Each processor in the chain of production pays the tax in the purchase price of the goods, applying the [...]...
21. Dividend Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Dividend) Ad Valorem Tax (sometimes, including Dividend) Alternative Minimum Tax (sometimes, including Dividend) Big Four (audit firms) (sometimes, including Dividend) Black Market [...]...
22. Capital Gain Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Capital Gain) ...
23. Fiscal Year Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Fiscal Year) ...
24. Government Spending Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Government Spending) ...
25. Rate Schedule Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Rate Schedule) ...
26. VAT Identification Number Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including VAT Identification Number) ...
27. Fiscal Policy Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Fiscal Policy) Ad Valorem Tax (sometimes, including Fiscal Policy) Alternative Minimum Tax (sometimes, including Fiscal Policy) Big Four (audit firms) (sometimes, including Fiscal Policy) [...]...
28. Offshore Bank Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Offshore Bank) ...
29. Employer Identification Number Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Employer Identification Number) ...
30. Flexible Spending Account Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Flexible Spending Account) ...
31. Health Savings Account Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Health Savings Account) ...
32. Depreciation Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Depreciation) "https://lawin.org/Ad-valorem-tax/" target="_blank"......
33. Real Estate Investment Trust Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Real Estate Investment Trust) ...
34. Customs Legal Issues Customs were the original form of international commercial law. As we have seen in the history of lex mercatoria, the customs existed before any statute of commercial law was made and were often the basis for legislation.(1) Customs in International Trade Meaning of Customs, [...]...
35. Subsidy Summary of Subsidy A payment or other emolument prodded by a governmental authority for the purpose of advancing an economic objective defined as being in the public interest. Usually the object is to make available certain goods or services that, in the absence of a subsidy to the [...]...
36. Black Market Black Market Definition Black Market is the term designating the illicit sale of commodities in violation of government rationing and price-fixing. The term originated in Europe during World War I, when the introduction of rationing in belligerent countries tempted some persons with access [...]...
37. Transfer Pricing The pricing level at which goods are sold between related entities, subsidiary to parent. Transfer pricing has been an area of considerable interest to customs authorities, inasmuch as such sales are often suspected of being manipulated by the parties deliberately to undervalue the goods for [...]...
38. Adjusted Ordinary Gross Income Resources See Also Personal holding company income...
39. International Codes Code: International CodesAttempts at defining a code of international public and private law have not been successful. The League of Nations failed in its attempt to do so. The United Nations has established a commission to study the possible codification of various aspects of internationa......
40. Disposable Income Gross National Disposable Income (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Gross National Disposable Income means: derived from gross national income by adding current transfers from the rest of the world minus current transfers to the rest of the world (including net value of [...]...
41. Adjusted Net Savings Adjusted Net Savings (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Adjusted Net Savings means: rate of savings in an economy after taking into account investments in human capital, depletion of natural recourses and damage caused by pollution, expressed as a percentage of gross national [...]...
42. Double Taxation Summary of Double Taxation The condition that arises when a multinational firm is taxed on overseas income in both the source country and the country of the corporation's domicile. This problem arises because nations use varying systems of taxation. Recognizing that double taxation is [...]...
43. Gross National Income Gross National Income (gni) (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Gross National Income (gni) means: comprises the market value of all products and services generated regardless of where the output is produced in given period (i.e., its gross domestic product, plus net receipts of [...]...
44. Adjusted Gross Estate Resources See Also Administration expense Gross estate Marital deduction...
45. Carbon Tax Carbon Taxes The release of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is a clear example of a negative externality that imposes significant costs on a global scale. In the language of economic theory, the market for carbon-based fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas takes into account only [...]...
46. Section 931 Corporation It was a corporation operating in various U.S. possessions that, under certain circumstances, might accrue significant tax benefits. So named for Section 931 of the Internal Revenue Code, a firm might be exempt from Federal income tax on U.S. possessions income (so long as the dividends were not dis......
47. Ancient Codes Code: Ancient CodesSome historians include among early codes the Book of the Covenant and the Book of the Law of the Old Testament. The ancient Greek city-states began codifying laws in the 7th century bc. The Laws of Gortyn, named after the ancient town of Gortyna, Crete (Kríti), a......
48. Income Distribution Related Fields Related topics include: Disposable Income Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Bankruptcy Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Inequality Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Wage Find this subject in this World legal [...]...
49. Gross National Product Summary of Gross National Product The aggregate value, expressed in monetary terms, of all goods and services attributable to a national economy during a given period, usually one year. The final sum includes all goods and services produced within the economy, plus income earned overseas [...]...
50. Hammurabi The Legal History of HammurabiThis section provides an overview of Hammurabi ResourcesSee AlsoLegal Biography Legal Traditions Historical Laws History of Law Further Reading Hammurabi in the Oxford International Encyclopedia of Legal History (Oxford University Press) The Oxford Encyclopedia of [...]...
51. National Income Related Fields Related topics include: National Income Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. National Accounts Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Expenditure Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Gross National Income Find this subject in this World [...]...
52. Gross Domestic Product Summary of Gross Domestic Product The aggregate value, expressed in monetary terms, of all goods and services produced within a national economy during a given time period, usually one year.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Gross Domestic Product (gdp) (in the Human Development [...]...
53. Exemption System A system to avoid double taxation of income whereby the domiciliary country exempts corporate income taxation, income earned and taxed abroad, up to the amount of tax paid in the country that was the source of income.......
54. Federal Taxation Introduction This entry provides an overview of the legal framework of federal taxation, with a description of the most significant features of federal taxation at international level. Related Work and Conclusions Resources See Also References (Papers) Tax Cannibalization And Fiscal [...]...
55. Tariff Code In the United States For information about Tariff Code in the context of international trade, click here...
56. The Code of Hammurabi Contents The Code of Hammurabi [2250 BC]. Introduction and Prologue Introduction The Monument on which the Code of ?ammurabi is ... Read more...
57. Code of Hammurabi. 1-125 Contents Code of Hammurabi. 1-125 § 1. ? If a man bring an accusation against a man, and charge him ... Read more...
58. Code of Hammurabi. 126-end Contents Code of Hammurabi. 126-end See The Code of Hammurabi – Code of Hammurabi.1-125 – Code of Hammurabi.Epilogue § 126. ... Read more...
59. Code Law Systems Code Law Systems The term “code-law systems” is usually employed, as a legal term of art, with two different, if ... Read more...
60. Mtn Valuation Code An agreement on valuation for customs purposes, more commonly known as the customs valuation agreement (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
61. Rhodian Sea Code The earliest known compilation of maritime laws, believed to have been formulated c. 900 B.C. on Rhodes. The text is lost, save the provision concerning jettisons, which has been preserved in Justinian's Code. The jettison article deals with a ratable contribution to an owner whose merchandise h......
62. Subsidies Code A multilateral agreement arising out of the Tokyo Round of trade negotiations sponsored by the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (read about the GATT for further details), or GATT. The code, also known as the Agree......
63. Code Code Code (law), in jurisprudence, a systematic compilation of law in written form, issued by rulers in former times, and promulgated by legislative authority after the rise of representative governments. Early legal codes were little more than statements of the bodies of customs that had [...]...
64. Code Development Code: Development of Modern CodesThe influence of the Justinian Code was great. Long after Rome fell, Roman law, as codified by Justinian, continued to serve as a source of law in Europe in the form of civil law. Through a 13th-century Spanish code called Siete Partidas (Seven Parts) that ......
65. Code Napoleon Napoleonic Code Code Napoléon, designation officially applied in 1807 to the code of French civil law originally enacted in March 1804 as the "Code Civil des Français" and still in force in France. The first edition of the Napoleonic Code (issued in 1804) appeared in [...]...
66. Code of Hammurabi Code of Hammurabi, collection of the laws and edicts of the Babylonian king Hammurabi, and the earliest legal code known in its entirety. A copy of the code was unearthed by a team of French archaeologists during the winter of 1901 to 1902 at Susa, in a part of Iran that was once ancient Elam. [...]...
67. Legal Code Roman Law: First Legal CodeIntroduction to Legal CodeIn the 3rd century ad the decrees or laws issued by the emperors gained increasing importance in the Roman legal system. The first codification of this imperial legislation, the Codex Theodosianus, was published by Theodosius II,......
68. Civil Code The Legal History of Indian Uniform Civil Code This section provides an overview of Indian Uniform Civil Code Extrinsic Methods of Interpretation or Reading "Beyond the Civil Code" Reasoning a pari ratione or a simili ratione Reasoning a fortiori ratione: a minori ad majus; a [...]...
69. Code of Canon Law Contents Code of Canon Law Old Code General Principles of Canon Law In 1918, in the book “A Commentary and ... Read more...
70. Counterfeit Code Counterfeit Code and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Counterfeit Code: A draft agreement, initiated in the closing stages of the Tokyo Round but never concluded, which [...]...
71. Code of Conduct Code of Conduct and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Code of Conduct: An international agreement establishing standards of behavior --by countries, corporations, or [...]...
72. Liner Code Liner Code and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Liner Code: Formal name is the United Nations Code of Conduct for Liner Conferences. Adopted in 1974, the Code seeks to [...]...
73. Antidumping Code Antidumping Code and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Antidumping Code: Formally known as the Agreement on Anti-Dumping Practices. A code negotiated under the auspices of [...]...
74. Standards Code Standards Code and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Standards Code: Formally known as the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade. A GATT Codenegotiated during the Tokyo [...]...
75. Malicious Code Theft of Digital Information and Related internet Crimes in the Context of Internet Law Read, in this legal Encyclopedia, about the topic of this section, and, specially, about Crimes Directed at Computer Networks and Users: Viruses and Malicious Code, Service Disabling Attacks and Threats [...]...
76. Interpretation of Code Methods and Techniques of Interpretation of Code Articles This includes (see the corresponding entry): Literal, Grammatical, Logical or "Ordinary" Method of Interpretation;and Extrinsic Methods of Interpretation or Reading "Beyond the Civil Code". Resources See Also [...]...
77. Theodosian Code The Theodosian Code Among the gigantic events of the fifth century the issue of a statute-book seems small. Nevertheless, through ... Read more...
78. Lieber Code Embracing mainstream international law, this section on lieber code explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "lieber code" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law (currently, the [...]...
79. Mining Code Embracing mainstream international law, this section on mining code explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "mining code" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law (currently, the [...]...
80. Amalphitan Code Description of Amalphitan Code In this reference work, amalphitan code is a sort of the Legal History category. Resources See Also Legal History...
81. Bankruptcy Code Resources See Also e.g., Bankruptcy proceedings (Business reorganizations, Wage earner's plan)...
82. Code of Ethics Resources See Also Code of Professional Responsibility...
83. Code Civil Resources See Also Criminal law Penal code...
84. Code Pleading Resources See Also Pleadings...
85. Commercial Code Resources See Also Uniform Commercial Code...
86. Gregorian Code Resources See Also Codex Gregorianus...
87. Labor Code Resources See Also Legal System Judiciary Justice...
88. Penal Code Resources See Also Legal System Judiciary Justice...
89. Annotated Justinian Code in PDF Annotated Justinian Code in PDF The Annotated Justinian Code website, put together at the end of 2007 by Tim Kearley, ... Read more...
90. Code of Hammurabi.Epilogue Contents Code of Hammurabi.Epilogue See The Code of Hammurabi – Code of Hammurabi.1-125 – Code of Hammurabi. 126-end Code of ... Read more...
91. Customs Valuation Code A uniform system for valuing imports for the application of customs duties. The agreement is a product of the Tokyo Round of multilateral trade negotiations. It provides for five methods of valuing imported merchandise. Transaction value is the price actually paid or payable for the goods, with [...]...
92. Code Of Hammurabi Composition Composition of Hammurabi's CodeThe divine origin of the written law is emphasized by a bas-relief in which the king is depicted receiving the code from the sun god, Shamash. The quality most usually associated with this god is justice. The code is set down in horizontal columns of cunei......
93. Code Of Hammurabi Nature Nature of Hammurabi's CodeThe Code of Hammurabi contains no laws having to do with religion. The basis of criminal law is that of equal retaliation, comparable to the Semitic law of "an eye for an eye." The law offers protection to all classes of Babylonian society; it seeks t......
94. Uniform Civil Code The Legal History of Uniform Civil Code in Indian LawThis section provides an overview of Uniform Civil Code in Indian Law ResourcesSee AlsoLegal Biography Legal Traditions Historical Laws History of Law Further Reading Uniform Civil Code in Indian Law in the Oxford International Encyclopedia [...]...
95. Import Licensing Code Import Licensing Code and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Import Licensing Code: Formally known as the Agreement on Import Licensing Procedures. A GAIT Code negotiated [...]...
96. Customs Tariff Code In the United States For information about Customs Tariff Code in the context of international trade, click here...
97. Open-Source Code Open-Source Code Software Clauses and the Electronic Commerce Open-Source Code Software Clauses in the Online Business Law Resources See Also PPC Advertising Social Networking Online Business Law Internet Law Spam Startups Internet Tax Crossborder Commerce Technology Law Terms of Use ...
98. Interpretation of Code Articles Methods and Techniques of Interpretation of Code Articles Codification: Interpretation and Reasoning Note: there is an entry about the subject of this section in this legal Encyclopedia. Methods and Techniques/Means/Tools of Interpretation There is more general information about this topi [...]...
99. Making of a Civil Code Making of a Civil Code The Making of a Civil Code See the entries about Codification and about Historical Developments of Sources of Law and Law Making Institutions. The last includes the following:A. From the Code of Hammurabi to the XII Tables: The BeginningB. From the XII Tables to the [...]...
100. Code of Professional Responsibility Resources See Also Canon Disciplinary rules Model Rules of Professional Conduct...
101. Code of Ethics on the International Trade in Chemicals Contents Code of Ethics on the International Trade in Chemicals   PART I. GENERAL PROVISIONS I. OBJECTIVE 1. The objective ... Read more...
102. Code of Ethics on the International Trade in Chemicals 2 Contents Code of Ethics on the International Trade in Chemicals   13. Private sector parties should promote the application of ... Read more...
103. United States Code Annotated Contents United States Code Annotated United States Code Annotated, Index United States Code Annotated is is a commercially produced subject ... Read more...
104. Unctad Code Of Liner Conduct An international agreement sponsored by the United Nations Conference On Trade And Development (read this and related legal terms for further details), or UNCTAD, to regularize the role and functions of shipping conferen......
105. Nuremberg Code Embracing mainstream international law, this section on nuremberg code explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "nuremberg code" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law (currently, [...]...
106. Judicial Code Resources See Also Federal Judicial Code...
107. Alfred's Code Resources See Also Dombec, domboc...
108. Universal Code Contents Universal Code Promulgation of Universal Code, by Bentham Text of one of the parts, edited from the French of ... Read more...
109. Code Of Liner Conduct Code of Liner Conduct. ......
110. Government Procurement Code A multinational agreement among trading nations, concluded at Geneva in April 1979, opening government purchasing contracts to competitive bids from firms in other signatory nations. The code was adopted by the United States as Title III of the Trade Agreements Act of 1979 and provides that, [...]...
111. Harmonized Systems Code In the United States For information about Harmonized Systems Code in the context of international trade, click here...
112. Taxation of business sale Contents Taxation of business sale This part of the Wiki Encyclopedia of Law explains the taxation of the parties in ... Read more...
113. Tax Avoidance Tax Avoidance Definition Tax avoidance may be defined as the act of reducing taxation, it is about getting round the law to minimice a tax impact of any operation. Through tax avoidance, a taxpayer takes advantage of all legal opportunities to reduce his or her tax liability. An [...]...
114. Tax Evasion Tax evasion is when someone has deliberately misled us about their activities to reduce their tax liability, or have not paid tax that is due. tax evasion is escaping payment by illegal means. This is obviously unlawful and is usually a criminal offence Tax evasion is when a person or a [...]...
115. Tax System Summary of Forced Tax System A practice applied in some countries (most notably in Europe) in which corporate income taxes are computed by a governmental agency. Unlike the American system, under which the firm prepares its own return and computes its tax liability (subject to subsequent [...]...
116. Tax Credit Methods For more details on Double Taxation, click here.......
117. Tax Exemption Method For more details on Double Taxation, click here.......
118. Tax Haven A legal jurisdiction that levies no, or very low, taxes on the income of firms organized under its laws or operating within its borders. Often the exemption is limited to firms organized in, but not operating in, the country.......
119. Tax Incidence Summary of Tax Incidence The place where a tax finally comes to rest. For example, a value added tax is passed through the marketing process to the final purchaser. (Main Author: William J. Miller) Literature Review on Tax Incidence In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration [...]...
120. Tax Sparing The remission, reduction, or deferral of certain taxes offered to foreign businesses as an inducement to invest locally.......