Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. Multilateral Trade Negotiations Negotiations among many nations acting in concert for the purpose of reducing trade barriers. Since the inception of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (read about the GATT for further details). in 1947, the mos......
2. Geneva Rounds Geneva Rounds and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Geneva Rounds: The first and fourth GATT Round of multilateral trade negotiations, held in Geneva, Switzerland. The [...]...
3. Dillon Round A series of multinational trade discussions conducted during 1960-1962 under the sponsorship of the general agreement of tariffs and Trade (read this and related legal terms for further details). The principal result of ......
4. Customs Classification Customs Classification and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Customs Classification: The determination of the appropriate category in which a traded product is classified for [...]...
5. Multilateral Trade Organization Multilateral Trade Organization (MTO) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Multilateral Trade Organization (MTO): A proposed organization that would subsume the GAIT,the General Agreement on [...]...
6. Counterfeit Code Counterfeit Code and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Counterfeit Code: A draft agreement, initiated in the closing stages of the Tokyo Round but never concluded, which [...]...
7. Negotiations Item-by-Item Negotiations and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Item-by-Item Negotiations: A method of tariff negotiations in which the expected trade effects of each [...]...
8. GATT Round GATT Round and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of GATT Round: A cycle of multilateral trade negotiations conducted under the auspices of the GATT. Each Round has constituted a [...]...
9. Functioning of the GATT System Functioning of the GATT System (FOGS) and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Functioning of the GATT System (FOGS): Designation for a negotiating group in the Uruguay Round [...]...
10. Customs Harmonization Customs Harmonization and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Customs Harmonization: Intemational efforts to increase the uniformity of customs procedures such as valuation, [...]...
11. Customs Trade Regulations Law of Similars and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Law of Similars: Regulations limiting importation of a product or altering its tariff treatment if a "similar" [...]...
12. Kennedy Round A series of international trade discussions commencing in Geneva in May 1964, under the auspices of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (read about the GATT for further details). The discussions were prompted by ......
13. Ministerial Declaration Ministerial Declaration and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Ministerial Declaration: A decision by trade ministers of GATT members to launch a GATT Round of multilateral [...]...
14. Compound Tariff Compound Tariff and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Compound Tariff: A combination of a specific duty and an ad valorem tariff on the same imported item (e.g., $100 per [...]...
15. Modifications Modifications and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Modifications: Alteration or withdrawal of trade concessions previously made within GATT. Contracting Parties are [...]...
16. Multilateral Steel Agreement Multilateral Steel Agreement (MSA) and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Multilateral Steel Agreement (MSA): A proposed agreement that would phase out tariffs, eliminate [...]...
17. Market Access Negotiations Market Access Negotiations and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Market Access Negotiations: In the context of the Uruguay Round as well as bilateral trade negotiations, [...]...
18. GATT Codes GATT Codes and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of GATT Codes: Agreements negotiated under GATT auspices to remove or lessen the trade-distorting effects of nontariff measures [...]...
19. Applied Tariff Rate Applied Tariff Rate and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Applied Tariff Rate: The tariff rate actually used to determine the amount of duty owed on a particular import [...]...
20. Surveillance Body Surveillance Body and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Surveillance Body: A body created at the outset of the Uruguay Round to monitor participating countries' trade [...]...
21. Rebalancing Rebalancing and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Rebalancing: A term used in GATT agriculture negotiations, referring to the ability to shift import protection from one [...]...
22. Framework Agreement Framework Agreement and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Framework Agreement: A package of agreements negotiated during the Tokyo Round, dealing with (a) differential and [...]...
23. Concessions Schedule of Concessions and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Schedule of Concessions: A list of import duties applicable to specific goods which a GATT Contracting Party [...]...
24. Less-Developed Countries Less-Developed Countries Less-Developed Countries (LDCs) and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Less-Developed Countries (LDCs): An alternative term for developing countries. [...]...
25. Horizontal Reduction Horizontal Reduction and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Horizontal Reduction: Negotiated cuts in tariff rates by the same percentage for all parties to an agreement. Also [...]...
26. Snapback Snapback and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Snapback: Provisions in a trade agreement that allow a signatory to temporarily rescind concessions under specified [...]...
27. Degressivity Degressivity and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Degressivity: The characteristic of a trade restriction, which diminishes in severity over time. A degressive measure could [...]...
28. Rollback Rollback and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Rollback: A commitment to phase out all trade restrictions or policies that distort trade or bring them into conformity with [...]...
29. Punta Del Este Declaration Punta del Este Declaration and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Punta del Este Declaration: A declaration adopted by trade ministers of GATT member countries in September [...]...
30. Single-Column Tariff Single-Column Tariff and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Single-Column Tariff: A tariff schedule specifying only one rate of duty for each imported commodity....
31. Pipeline Protection Pipeline Protection and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Pipeline Protection: In international negotiations on protection of intellectual property rights, refers to the [...]...
32. Protocol of Accession Protocol of Accession and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Protocol of Accession: A legal document that recognizes the rights and obligations agreed to as a consequence of a [...]...
33. Nontariff Barriers Nontariff Barriers (NTBs) and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Nontariff Barriers (NTBs): Measures other than tariffs that burden or restrict international trade. NTBs may [...]...
34. Minimum Valuation Minimum Valuation and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Minimum Valuation: A form of valuation for tariff purposes in which all items below a certain threshold value in an [...]...
35. Protocol Relating to Trade Negotiations Among Developing Countries Protocol Relating to Trade Negotiations Among Developing Countries and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Protocol Relating to Trade Negotiations Among Developing Countries: [...]...
36. Plurilateral Plurilateral and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Plurilateral: In GATT parlance, refers to a consultation or negotiating session involving more than two countries [...]...
37. Procedural Protectionism Procedural Protectionism and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Procedural Protectionism: Abusive administration of import control procedures allowed under GATT (especially [...]...
38. Environmental Dumping Environmental Dumping and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Environmental Dumping: Refers to an unfair trade practice whereby an exporter achieves a cost advantage over its [...]...
39. Related Specificity A rule of customs law that when two or more tariff provisions might be applied to an item, the one that most specifically describes the article shall be applied.......
40. Service Mark Service Mark and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Service Mark: A distinctive mark used in the sale or advising of services to distinguish them from the services of others. [...]...
41. Initial Negotiating Right Initial Negotiating Right (INR) and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Initial Negotiating Right (INR): A right held by a GA TT member to be compensated by another member if a [...]...
42. Import Surcharge Import Surcharge and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Import Surcharge: A temporary tax on imports over and above established tariffs, usually enacted in times of economic [...]...
43. Shiping Transshipment and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Transshipment: Shipping goods through one country to another country in order to conceal the true country of origin. [...]...
44. Semiconductor Agreement Semiconductor Agreement and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Semiconductor Agreement: A bilateral agreement concluded in 1986 between the United States and Japan to open the [...]...
45. Grey Area Grey Area Measures and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Grey Area Measures: Import relief measures taken outside the scope of GATT rules by countries seeking to protect [...]...
46. Industrialized Countries Industrial Countries or Industrialized Countries and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Industrial Countries or Industrialized Countries: (Also known as developed countries) A [...]...
47. Framework Initiative Framework Initiative and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Framework Initiative: (Also known as the New Economic Partnership). An initiative launched by the United States in [...]...
48. Disciplines Disciplines and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Disciplines: In GATT parlance, refers to members' substantive obligations undertaken by members to refrain from [...]...
49. Dunkel Draft Or Dunkel Text Dunkel Draft or Dunkel Text and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Dunkel Draft or Dunkel Text: Efforts to conclude the Uruguay Round in 1991 culminated in December of that [...]...
50. Normal Value Normal Value and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Normal Value: An alternative term for fair value....
51. South-South Trade South-South Trade and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of South-South Trade: In the parlance of the 1970s and 1980s, refers to trade among developing countries ("the [...]...
52. Conventional Duty A customs duty, or rate of duty, arising out of a treaty or other international agreement, as contrasted with an autonomous duty unilaterally imposed by a government absent of any international agreement.......
53. Standstill Standstill and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Standstill: A commitment undertaken at the outset of a GATT negotiation to refrain .from legislating or implementing new [...]...
54. Free List A listing of all commodities on which no customs duties are imposed.......
55. Entities Entities and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Entities: In the context of the GATT Government Procurement Code, refers to government departments or ministries and their [...]...
56. Most-favored-nation A privilege granted to a nation to have customs duties levied upon its products at the lowest rate offered to any other nation. Customarily, the extension of most favored nation status is reciprocal. See tariff (Customs).......
57. Nontariff Measures Nontariff Measures (NTMs) and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Nontariff Measures (NTMs): A broader term than NTBs, including not only import-restricting barriers but also [...]...
58. Ad Valorem Equivalent Ad Valorem Equivalent (A VE) and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Ad Valorem Equivalent (A VE): A specific duty expressed in terms of a percentage of the value of the [...]...
59. North-South Trade North-South Trade and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of North-South Trade: In the parlance of the 1970s and 1980s, trade between the developed market economies ("the [...]...
60. Specific Limitations on Trade Specific Limitations on Trade and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Specific Limitations on Trade: Measures that limit imports or exports of a product during a specified [...]...
61. Havana Charter Detais can be found in General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade).......
62. Auto Pact Auto Pact and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Auto Pact: (Formally known as the Automotive Products Trade Agreement.) A bilateral agreement signed in 1965 between the [...]...
63. Demarche Demarche and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Demarche: A formal diplomatic communication of a country's position on an issue, presented to an official representative of [...]...
64. Reduction Linear Reduction and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Linear Reduction: A tariff negotiating procedure based on reduction of tariffs by a specified percentage on an entire [...]...
65. Administrative Review Administrative Review and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Administrative Review: In unfair trade cases, a mechanism for parties to a case to appeal a ruling on [...]...
66. Exhaustion Exhaustion and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Exhaustion: Refers to the doctrine that protection of intellectual property rights (IPR) is "exhausted" or confined [...]...
67. Call Call and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Call: A request by an importing country for consultations with an exporting country concerning products whose shipments during a [...]...
68. Export Enhancement Program Export Enhancement Program (EEP) and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Export Enhancement Program (EEP): A system of agricultural export subsidies maintained by the United [...]...
69. Free Trade Agreement Free Trade Agreement and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Free Trade Agreement: An agreement between two or more countries establishing a free trade area (FTA)....
70. Supply Access Supply Access and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Supply Access: Assurances that importing countries will have fair and equitable access at reasonable prices to supplies of [...]...
71. Dairy Arrangement International Dairy Arrangement and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of International Dairy Arrangement: A Tokyo Round agreement covering trade in dairy products, consisting of [...]...
72. Export Guarantees Export Guarantees and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Export Guarantees: Assurances by an exporter's government that financing provided by a private lender will be [...]...
73. Tariff Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Tariff) Ad Valorem Tax (sometimes, including Tariff) Alternative Minimum Tax (sometimes, including Tariff) Big Four (audit firms) (sometimes, including Tariff) Black Market (sometimes, [...]...
74. Tariff Schedule Tariff Schedule and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Tariff Schedule: A comprehensive list of the goods, which a country imports, and the import duties applicable to each [...]...
75. Tariff Anomaly Tariff Anomaly and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Tariff Anomaly: A situation in which the tariff on raw materials or semi-manufactured goods is higher than the tariff on [...]...
76. Tariff Quota Tariff Quota and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Tariff Quota: A two-stage tariff, providing a base tariff rate that applies to goods up to a specified quantity imported [...]...
77. Tariff Escalation Tariff Escalation and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Tariff Escalation: The application of tariff rates on raw materials that are lower than on processed versions of the [...]...
78. Tariff Rates Column 2 Rates and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Column 2 Rates: US tariff rates assessed on imports from countries not receiving most- favored-nationtreatment. Most [...]...
79. Technical Data Information that can be transferred to overseas users only in accordance with export control regulations. The Office of Export Administration regulations (Part 379) define technical data as: Information of any kind that can be used, or adopted for use, in the design, production, manufacture, [...]...
80. Third World Summary of Third World That group of less developed and developing nations not included in the political camps of either the Western industrialized states or the communist bloc. Most nations in Latin America, Africa, and Asia fall into this category. The term is commonly applied to nations [...]...
81. Tied Loan A loan to a foreign nation or firm that requires the proceeds of the loan to be spent only in the creditor nation. Such an arrangement stimulates the economy of the country making the loan. The debtor nation, however, because it is constrained in spending the funds, may encounter higher prices [...]...
82. Tokyo Declaration The pronouncement of a 1973 gathering in Tokyo of foreign, finance, and trade ministers of the major industrial nations, meeting to discuss economic and trade problems. The joint communique issued by the ministers called for increased trade through the elimination of tariff and nontariff [...]...
83. Tokyo Round The seventh, and latest, round of multilateral trade negotiations sponsored by the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (read about the GATT for further details). Running from 1973 to 1979, the Tokyo Round resulted in......
84. Torquay Round Detais can be found in General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade).......
85. Trade Opportunities Program An export promotion service of the U.S. Department of Commerce, International Trade Administration. U.S. firms interested in marketing abroad may list their products with the International Trade Administration; this data will be retained in IT A computers and matched with inquiries received by [...]...
86. Transaction Value The primary method of valuing goods for customs purposes under the Customs Valuation Agreement (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
87. Treaty of Rome Treaty Of Rome Summary of Treaty Of Rome The document, signed at Rome in 1957 (effective January 1, 1958), by which the six founding states established the European Economic Community (read this and related legal terms for further details). (Main Author: William J. Miller) The Treaty of [...]...
88. Trigger Price Mechanism A program of import surveillance instituted by the U.S. government in 1977. Under this scheme, a floor price is established for designated import items; this floor is predicated upon the production cost of the most efficient foreign producer, with adjustments for freight and currency [...]...
89. Trade War Introduction to Trade War Trade War, economic tug-of-war between nations in which each side tries to limit the other's exports while flooding the other's market with its own goods." (1) Resources Notes and References Information about "http://lawi......
90. Trade Negotiations Committee Trade Negotiations Committee (TNC) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Trade Negotiations Committee (TNC): The steering group established at the outset of the GA 1TUruguay Round (Sec. I) to [...]...
91. Trade Policy Review Mechanism Trade Policy Review Mechanism (TPRM) and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Trade Policy Review Mechanism (TPRM): A process of examination in the GATT Council to provide [...]...
92. Transition Transition and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Transition: A term referring to the period of time during which provisions of a trade agreement will be implemented [...]...
93. Tropical Products Tropical Products and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Tropical Products: Agricultural and other products of export interest to countries in tropical regions of Latin [...]...
94. Tariff Rate Quota Tariff Rate Quota (TRQ) and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Tariff Rate Quota (TRQ): Alternative term for tariff quota....
95. Trade Barriers Standards-Related Activity and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Standards-Related Activity: An activity undertaken in conjunction with administration or enforcement of [...]...
96. Trade-Related Investment Measures Trade-Related Investment Measures (TRIMs) and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Trade-Related Investment Measures (TRIMs): Designation for a Uruguay Round "' [...]...
97. Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Protection Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Protection (TRIPs) and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Protection (TRIPs): [...]...
98. Track Track I and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Track I: Designation for consolidated negotiating activities in the final phase of the Uruguay Roundconcerning market access in goods....
99. Tied Aid Tied Aid and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Tied Aid: Foreign assistance that is linked to procurement of goods and services from the donor country. Resources See Also [...]...
100. Transparency In Public Administration and Policy Transparency and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Transparency: Openness, clarity, and predictability of a country's trade laws [...]...
101. Treatment Special and Differential Treatment (S&D) and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Special and Differential Treatment (S&D): Preferential treatment given to industrial countries [...]...
102. Common External Tariff Summary of Common External Tariff The uniform customs tariff applied by all the member states of a customs union or common market to imports from nonmember nations.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Common External Tariff and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT [...]...
103. Compensation Summary of Compensation Trade concessions granted by one nation to another in recompense for other trade concessions that have been withdrawn or suspended.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Forms of Criminal Punishment: Compensation Introduction to Compensation Certain punishments [...]...
104. Conference Summary of Conference An association of steamship lines operating over a specific trade route, formed for the purpose of setting freight rates and service standards to be applied uniformly by all the member carriers. The Shipping Act of 1916 empowers the Federal Maritime Commission to [...]...
105. Confrontation and Justification A mechanism employed during multinational trade negotiations to define the positions of the various national delegations. Typically, each participating nation submits to its trading partners a statement of views, proposed tariff cuts, et cetera. During a series of meetings each nation is [...]...
106. Customs Territory The geographical area of a country, its possessions, and surrounding waters within which the customs authority is empowered to impose duties and controls upon foreign merchandise entering therein. The customs territory need not necessarily incorporate all the territory over which a nation [...]...
107. Dual Pricing The sale of an identical product at different prices in different markets.......
108. East- West Trade A general reference to trade between the industrial nations of the West, particularly those nations that are members of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development ("https://lawin.org/list-of-international-trade-law-terms/">read this and related legal terms for [...]...
109. Economic Union Summary of Economic Union Also known as an economic community, an advanced form of economic integration on the part of several states. The economic union incorporates the features of a Common market (read this and related legal terms for further details)—unrestricted free trade among [...]...
110. Export Quota Agreement An arrangement arising under an international commodity agreement whereby each participating exporting nation is allocated a portion of the market. Participating importing nations agree to limit imports from nonmember nations. The object of the system is to maintain price stability, thus [...]...
111. Export Subsidy Summary of Export Subsidy A direct payment, tax relief, or other incentive provided by a government to encourage export sales. The use of such devices is apt to be regarded as undesirable by the importing nation and may result in the imposition of Countervailing Duties (read this legal term [...]...
112. Free Trade Area Summary of Free Trade Area An association of states that seeks to overcome impediments to trade among members by reducing or eliminating tariffs among the participants. The members of a free trade area do not maintain a common external tariff nor do they (usually) provide for the free flow [...]...
113. Harmonized System Known formally as the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System.. a product statistical classification system based upon the Customs Cooperation Council Nomenclature (CCCN) and designed to replace various statistical classification schemes now employed by various trading nations....
114. Offer List A list of products, usually prepared in conjunction with multilateral trade negotiations, upon which a nation is prepared to negotiate trade liberalization; the list may also identify products that are to be specifically exempted from discussion.......
115. Paris Convention Known formally as the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property, an international agreement formulated to protect rights to industrial property including inventions, trademarks, service marks, trade names, and appellations of origin. The substantive provisions of the convention [...]...
116. Preemption The prerogative of customs authorities to seize and sell merchandise that an importer has deliberately undervalued to avoid payment of dudes.......
117. Supplementary Levy An additional tax that may be imposed upon imports of pork, poultry, or eggs into the European Economic Community when the purchase price of such items falls below the Gate Price ("https://lawin.org/list-of-international-trade-law-terms/">read this and related legal terms for [...]...
118. National Treatment History of Commercial Treaties National Treatment The attainment of national treatment through treaty was strengthened in the 13th century. Venice, an Italian city-state that traded chiefly with Central and East Asia, exacted by treaty from the sultan of _alab (Aleppo) the right to have its [...]...
119. Sanctions United Nations Sanctions Further Reading A concise encyclopedia of the United Nations (including Sanctions , H Volger, KA Annan -2010) The Oxford Handbook on the United Nations (TG Weiss - 2007) International Law: A Dictionary (including Sanctions , Boczek, Boleslaw Adam -2005) Spanish [...]...
120. Ad Referendum Definition of Ad ReferendumIn accordance with the work A Dictionary of Law, this is a description of Ad Referendum : (Latin: to be further considered) Denoting a contract that has been signed although minor points remain to be decided....