Tag: Military Law
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War Crimes Trials Effects
Introduction to War Crimes Trials EffectsThe Nürnberg and other war crimes trials were a notable step in the evolution of international penal law. The standing of the trials suffered sharply, however, because the proceedings were carried out under auspices of victorious powers and the …
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World War II Trials
War Crimes Trials Other World War II TrialsIntroduction to World War II TrialsAnother war crimes trial was held under international authority in Tokyo. The International Military Tribunal for the Far East was constituted under the authority of a charter promulgated on January 19, 1…
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Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia
War Crimes Trials Tribunal for the Former YugoslaviaIntroduction to Tribunal for the Former YugoslaviaThe United Nations established the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) in May 1993 to prosecute individuals responsible for war crimes, crimes against …
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Sierra Leone Tribunal
War Crimes Trials Sierra Leone TribunalIntroduction to Sierra Leone TribunalIn 2002 the UN and the Sierra Leone government jointly established a war crimes tribunal, the Special Court for Sierra Leone, to try individuals who had committed atrocities during Sierra Leone's civil …
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Strategic Arms Limitation Talks Accords
Introduction to Strategic Arms Limitation Talks AccordsThe negotiations known as SALT I began in November 1969 and ended in January 1972, with agreement on two documents: the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty (ABM Treaty) and the Interim Agreement on the Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms. …
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Strategic Arms Limitation Talks Background
Introduction to Strategic Arms Limitation Talks BackgroundThe United States first approached the USSR in 1964 to suggest bilateral arms-control talks. At that time the United States had a clear superiority in nuclear arms, but there were indications that the USSR was developing weapons that…
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Nürnberg First Trial
War Crimes Trials Nürnberg Trials Conclusions of the First TrialIntroduction to Nürnberg First TrialThe judgment of the International Military Tribunal was handed down on September 30-October 1, 1946. Among notable features of the decision was the conclusion, in accordanc…
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Nürnberg Subsequent Trials
War Crimes Trials Nürnberg Trials Subsequent TrialsIntroduction to Nürnberg Subsequent TrialsAfter the conclusion of the first Nürnberg trial, 12 more trials were held under the authority of Control Council Law No. 10, which closely resembled the London Agreement but…
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Nürnberg Trials
War Crimes Trials Nürnberg TrialsIntroduction to Nürnberg TrialsThe most important war crimes trials following World War II were held in Nürnberg, Germany, under the authority of two legal instruments. One, the so-called London Agreement, was signed by representative…
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NATO Background
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO): BackgroundIntroduction to NATO BackgroundIn the years after World War II (1939-1945), many Western leaders believed the policies of the USSR threatened international stability and peace. The forcible installation of Communist governments t…
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NATO History
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO): History Early YearsIntroduction to NATO HistoryUntil 1950 NATO consisted primarily of a pledge by the United States to defend other members of the alliance under the terms of Article 5 of the treaty. However, there was no effective militar…
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NATO Provisions
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO): Treaty ProvisionsIntroduction to NATO ProvisionsThe North Atlantic Treaty consists of a preamble and 14 articles. The preamble states the purpose of the treaty: to promote the common values of its members and to "unite their efforts f…
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NATO Structure
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO): StructureIntroduction to NATO StructureThe highest authority within NATO is the North Atlantic Council, composed of permanent delegates from all members, headed by a secretary general. It is responsible for general policy, budgetary outlin…