Tag: International Conventions

  • International Arbitration

    International arbitration is the settlement by a mutually acceptable third party of disputes between sovereign states. Modern international arbitration began with the conclusion of Jay's Treaty (1794) by Great Britain and the United States. Numerous disputes were arbitrated during the 19th […]

  • International Arbitration

    International arbitration is the settlement by a mutually acceptable third party of disputes between sovereign states. Modern international arbitration began with the conclusion of Jay's Treaty (1794) by Great Britain and the United States. Numerous disputes were arbitrated during the 19th […]

  • Carriage of Passengers

    Comparative Analysis International Overview The International Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules Relating to Carriage of Passengers by Sea (the "Passenger Convention 1961") was adopted in Brussels on 29 April 1961 and came into force on 4 June 1965. It was in force in […]

  • Pollution

    Legislation in the United States In 1969, a major fire erupted (in the United States). This time, with the help of news and magazine coverage, the fire prompted the nation to take immediate action against water pollution. The public response to this event helped create the Federal Water […]

  • Pollution

    Legislation in the United States In 1969, a major fire erupted (in the United States). This time, with the help of news and magazine coverage, the fire prompted the nation to take immediate action against water pollution. The public response to this event helped create the Federal Water […]

  • Sovereign Immunity

    Summary of Sovereign Immunity A principle of international law that holds that the territory, property, and official agents of a sovereign state are exempt from seizure, suit, trial, or other submission to the jurisdiction of any other state. Normally a state may not be sued in a foreign […]

  • Sovereign Immunity

    Summary of Sovereign Immunity A principle of international law that holds that the territory, property, and official agents of a sovereign state are exempt from seizure, suit, trial, or other submission to the jurisdiction of any other state. Normally a state may not be sued in a foreign […]

  • Arrest of Ships

    Arrest of Ships Comparative Overview International The Arrest of Sea-going Ships Convention, Brussels, 10 May 1952, entered into force 24 February 1956. The Lisbon Draft Arrest Revision, 25 May 1985, is not in force. And the Arrest of Ships Convention 1999, adopted by the IMO on 12 March 1999, is not yet in force. States…

  • Limitation of Shipowner Liability

    Limitation of Shipowner´s Liability Comparative Overview International The Brussels Limitation Convention of 1924, 25 August 1924, in force on 2 June 1931. The Brussels Limitation Convention of 1957, 10 October 1957, in force on 31 May 1968, as amended by the Protocol of 21 December 1979, in force on 6 October 1984. The IMO Limitation…

  • Bills of Lading Legislation

    Bills of Lading Legislation Comparative Overview International There is no international convention on bills of lading. The CMI adopted voluntary rules on shipping documents (CMI Uniform Rules for Electronic Bills of Lading, Paris, 29 June 1990, and CMI Rules for Sea Waybills, Paris, 29 June 1990). See the CMI Handbook of Maritime Conventions, LexisNexis, Newark,…

  • Collisions

      Collisions Comparative Overview International The International Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules of Law With Respect to Collisions Between Vessels, Brussels, 23 September 1910, which entered into force 1 March 1913. The International Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules Relating to Penal Jurisdiction in Matters of Collision or Other Incidents of Navigation,…

  • Collision Regulations

    Collision Regulations Comparative Overview International The International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (“Collision Regulations 1972”, also known as the “COLREGS” ) were enacted by the Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, adopted at London, 20 October 1972, which entered into force on 15 July 1977. The COLREGS 1972 were amended…

  • Responsibility for Cargo Ashore

    Responsibility for Cargo Ashore Comparative Overview International Overview There is no international convention presently in force with respect to responsibility for cargo before loading and after discharge. Nevertheless, the subject has been addressed by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL)in the United Nations Convention on the Liability of Operators of Transport Terminals…

  • Maritime Lien

    A claim upon a vessel arising from a maritime operation. Apart from certain statutory "liens" that arise under ship mortgages and governmental guarantees to finance ship construction, a maritime lien must arise from actions involving the vessel itself, its cargo, maritime tort, or other pe…