Syria
Countries or entities currently subject to sanctions by the United States: Syria
Syria in 2011
United States views on international law (based on the document “Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law”): In 2011, acting pursuant to the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (“IEEPA”), the National Emergency Act, and 3 U.S.C. § 301, President Obama issued three executive orders responding to the Government of Syria’s repression of the Syrian people. On April 29, 2011, he signed Executive Order 13572, “Blocking Property of Certain Persons With Respect to Human Rights Abuses in Syria.” 76 Fed. Reg. 24,787 (May 3, 2011). E.O. 13572 includes the President’s finding that:
…the Government of Syria’s human rights abuses, including those related to the repression of the people of Syria, manifested most recently by the use of violence and torture against, and arbitrary arrests and detentions of, peaceful protestors by police, security forces, and other entities that have engaged in human rights abuses, constitute an unusual and extraordinary threat to the national security, foreign policy, and economy of the United States…
Developments
Section 1 of E.O. 13572 blocks property of the persons identified in the annex and authorizes the Treasury Secretary to make subsequent designations of persons involved in human rights abuses in Syria.
On May 4, 2011, OFAC provided additional identifying information for the three individuals (Lt. Col. Mahir Al-Asad of the Syrian Army’s 4th Armored Division, Maj. Gen. Ali Mamluk of the General Intelligence Directorate, and Brigadier General Atif Najib of the Syrian Political Security Directorate for Dar’a Province) and two entities (the IRGC-Qods Force of Syria and the Syrian General Intelligence Directorate) listed in the Annex to E.O. 13572. 76 Fed. Reg. 27,377 (May 11, 2011). On August 10, 2011, OFAC designated an additional entity (Syriatel) pursuant to E.O. 13572. 76 Fed. Reg. 54,534 (Sep. 1, 2011) On May 18, 2011, President Obama signed Executive Order 13573, “Blocking Property of Senior Officials of the Government of Syria.” 76 Fed. Reg. 29,143 (May 20, 2011). President Obama acted in response to “the Government of Syria’s continuing escalation of violence against the people of Syria—including through attacks on protestors, arrests and harassment of protestors and political activists, and repression of democratic change, overseen and executed by numerous elements of the Syrian government.” E.O. 13573 blocks property of the persons listed in its annex and any persons subsequently determined by the Treasury Secretary to be, inter alia, a senior official or an agency or instrumentality of the Government of Syria, or to be owned or controlled by the Government of Syria or any official of the Syrian Government, or to have provided material assistance or certain types of support for persons whose property is blocked under the order. Those identified in the annex are: President Bashir Al-Assad, Vice President Farouk Al-Shar, Prime Minister Adel Safar, Minister of the Interior Mohammed Ibrahim Al-Shaar, Minister of Defense Ali Habib Mahmoud, Head of Military Intelligence Abdul Fatah Qudsiya, and Director of Political Security Directorate Mohammed Dib Zaitoun.
On August 30, 2011, OFAC designated three individuals pursuant to E.O. 13573: Walid Al-Moallem (Foreign and Expatriates Minister); Bouthaina Shaaban (Presidential Political and Media Advisor); and Ali Abdul Karim Ali (Syrian Ambassador to Lebanon). 76 Fed. Reg. 55,167 (Sep. 6, 2011).
Details
On August 17, 2011, President Obama issued another order blocking property of the Government of Syria, Executive Order 13582, “Blocking Property of the Government of Syria and Prohibiting Certain Transactions With Respect to Syria.” 76 Fed. Reg. 52,209 (Aug. 22, 2011). President Obama acted in response to “Syria’s continuing escalation of violence against the people of Syria.” Section 1 of E.O. 13582 blocks all property of the Government of Syria as well as property of persons subsequently identified by the Treasury Secretary:
(i) to have materially assisted, sponsored, or provided financial, material, or technological support for, or goods or services in support of, any person whose property and interests in property are blocked pursuant to this order; or (ii) to be owned or controlled by, or to have acted or purported to act for or on behalf of, directly or indirectly, any person whose property and interests in property are blocked pursuant to this order.
At the end of 2011, Treasury had not made any additional designations pursuant to E.O. 13582.
Syria
In relation to the international law practice and Syria in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section:
Sanctions, Export Controls, International Restrictions
About this subject:
Imposition, Implementation, and Modification of Sanctions and Certain Other Restrictions
Under this topic, in the Encyclopedia, find out information on Threats to Democratic Processes. Note: there is detailed information and resources, in relation with these topics during the year 2011, covered by the entry, in this law Encyclopedia, about Syria
Syria
In relation to the international law practice and syria in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section:
Educational and Cultural Issues
Note: there is detailed information and resources under these topics during the year 2013, covered by this entry on syria in this law Encyclopedia.
Syria
In relation to the international law practice and Syria in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section:
Use of Force, Arms Control, Disarmament, Nonproliferation
About this subject:
Nonproliferation, Arms Control, and Disarmament
Under this topic, in the Encyclopedia, find out information on:
- Nuclear Nonproliferation
- Country-specific issues
. Note: there is detailed information and resources, in relation with these topics during the year 2011, covered by the entry, in this law Encyclopedia, about Syria
Resources
See Also
- Sanctions
- Export Controls
- International Restrictions
- Imposition Of Sanctions
- Implementation Of Sanctions
- Modification Of Sanctions
- Democratic Processes
- Syria
Hierarchical Display of Syria
Geography > Economic geography > CAEU countries
Syria
Concept of Syria
See the dictionary definition of Syria.
Characteristics of Syria
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Resources
Translation of Syria
Thesaurus of Syria
Geography > Economic geography > CAEU countries > Syria
See also
- Syrian Arab Republic
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