Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. Income Income or Consumption, Shares of Income (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Income or Consumption, Shares of Income means: the shares of consumption accruing to subgroups of population indicated by deciles or quintiles, based on national household surveys covering various years. [...]...
2. Standard of Living Standard of Living (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Standard of Living means: integrated index of socio-economic development, measured by aggregate data such as real per capita income, poverty rate, access to health care, the uneven growth of incomes, standards of education, [...]...
3. Distribution of Income Hierarchical Display of Distribution of income Economics > National accounts > Income Distribution of income Concept of Distribution of income See the dictionary definition of Distribution of income. Characteristics of Distribution of income [rtbs name="xxx-xxx"] Resources Translation of [...]...
4. Low Income Resources See Also Income Distribution Bankruptcy Inequality...
5. Poverty The Legal History of Poverty This section provides an overview of Poverty Human Poverty Index For Selected High-incomeoecd Countries (hpi-2) (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Human Poverty Index For Selected High-incomeoecd Countries (hpi-2) means: _ composite index measuring [...]...
6. Working Poor Resources See Also Poverty Cost of Living Income Minimum Wage Standard of living...
7. Living Conditions Resources See Also Social Policy Social Development Sociology Public Policy Social Law...
8. Farmers' Income Hierarchical Display of Farmers' income Agriculture, Forestry And Fisheries > Farming systems > Agricultural performanceEconomics > National accounts > IncomeAgriculture, Forestry And Fisheries > Agricultural policy > Common agricultural policy > Single payment schemeAgriculture, [...]...
9. Tax on Income Hierarchical Display of Tax on income Finance > TaxationEconomics > National accounts > IncomeFinance > Taxation > Tax > Direct taxFinance > Taxation > Fiscal policy > Double taxation Tax on income Concept of Tax on income See the dictionary definition of Tax on income. [...]...
10. Household Income Resources See Also Social Protection Social Security Employment Affairs Welfare State...
11. Farm Income Hierarchical Display of Farm income Agriculture, Forestry And Fisheries > Farming systems > Agricultural performanceEconomics > National accounts > IncomeAgriculture, Forestry And Fisheries > Farming systems > Agricultural holdingAgriculture, Forestry And Fisheries > Fisheries > [...]...
12. Purchasing Power Hierarchical Display of Purchasing power Economics > National accounts > IncomeEconomics > Economic conditions > Economic conditions > Cost of livingEmployment And Working Conditions > Personnel management and staff remuneration > Pay policy > Pay riseFinance > Prices > Prices [...]...
13. Unemployment Unemployment (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Unemployment means: refers to all people above a specified age who are not in paid employment or self-employed, but are available for work and have taken specific steps to seek paid employment or self-employment. Long-term [...]...
14. Cost of Living Hierarchical Display of Cost of living Economics > Economic conditions > Economic conditionsSocial Questions > Social framework > Social situation > Socioeconomic conditions > Living conditionsFinance > Financial institutions and credit > Credit policy > Cost of borrowingTrade > [...]...
15. Subsistence Economy Hierarchical Display of Subsistence economy Economics > Economic structure > EconomyAgriculture, Forestry And Fisheries > Farming systems > Farming system > Subsistence farming Subsistence economy Concept of Subsistence economy See the dictionary definition of Subsistence economy. [...]...
16. Price Index Hierarchical Display of Price index Finance > Prices > Prices policyEconomics > Economic conditions > Economic conditions > Cost of livingEconomics > National accounts > Income > Purchasing power Price index Concept of Price index See the dictionary definition of Price index. [...]...
17. Minimum Pay Hierarchical Display of Minimum pay Employment And Working Conditions > Personnel management and staff remuneration > Pay policyEconomics > National accounts > Income > Purchasing power Minimum pay Concept of Minimum pay See the dictionary definition of Minimum pay. Characteristics of [...]...
18. Quality of Life Resources See Also Economic Development Social development...
19. Subsistence Wage Resources See Also Wage Wages Salary Minimum Wage Fair Labor Salaries...
20. Consumption Hierarchical Display of Consumption Trade > ConsumptionEconomics > National accounts > Income > Purchasing powerEconomics > National accounts > Income > Standard of livingEnergy > Energy policy > Energy policy > Energy audit > Energy consumptionFinance > Financial institutions [...]...
21. Socially Disadvantaged Class Hierarchical Display of Socially disadvantaged class Social Questions > Social framework > Social structureSocial Questions > Social protection > Welfare > Aid to disadvantaged groupsEconomics > National accounts > Income > Distribution of income > PovertyEconomics > National [...]...
22. Sub-proletariat Hierarchical Display of Sub-proletariat Social Questions > Social framework > Social structure > Social classSocial Questions > Social protection > Welfare > Aid to disadvantaged groupsEconomics > National accounts > Income > Distribution of income > Poverty Concept of Sub-proletariat [...]...
23. Social Security The Legal History of Social Security in Modern Europe This section provides an overview of Social Security in Modern Europe Most Popular Entries related to Social Security Social Security (in the World) Social Security Benefits (in the World) Social Security Office (in the World) Social [...]...
24. Low Pay Hierarchical Display of Low pay Employment And Working Conditions > Personnel management and staff remuneration > Remuneration of work > PayEconomics > National accounts > Income > Distribution of income > Low income Low pay Concept of Low pay See the dictionary definition of Low pay. [...]...
25. Undernourishment Undernourished People (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Undernourished People means: people whose food intake is chronically insufficient to meet their minimum energy requirements....
26. COSAC Hierarchical Display of COSAC Politics > Parliament > Interparliamentary relations > Inter-parliamentary cooperation Concept of COSAC See the dictionary definition of COSAC. Characteristics of COSAC [rtbs name="xxx-xxx"] Resources Translation of COSAC Spanish: COSAC French: COSAC German: [...]...
27. Pauperisation Hierarchical Display of Pauperisation Economics > National accounts > Income > Distribution of incomeSocial Questions > Social framework > Social structure > Socially disadvantaged class Concept of Pauperisation See the dictionary definition of Pauperisation. Characteristics of [...]...
28. Social Transfers Hierarchical Display of Social transfers Economics > National accounts > IncomeSocial Questions > Social protection > Social security Social transfers Concept of Social transfers See the dictionary definition of Social transfers. Characteristics of Social transfers [rtbs name="xxx-xxx"] [...]...
29. Aid to Disadvantaged Groups Hierarchical Display of Aid to disadvantaged groups Social Questions > Social protection > WelfareSocial Questions > Social framework > Social structure > Socially disadvantaged classEconomics > National accounts > Income > Distribution of income > Low incomeEconomics > National [...]...
30. Social Exclusion Resources See Also Poverty Cost of Living Income Minimum Wage Standard of living...
31. Social Investment Fund Resources See Also Poverty Cost of Living Income Minimum Wage Standard of living...
32. Pay Rise Hierarchical Display of Pay rise Employment And Working Conditions > Personnel management and staff remuneration > Pay policyEconomics > Economic conditions > Economic cycle > InflationEconomics > Economic conditions > Economic conditions > Cost of livingEconomics > National [...]...
33. Manning And Subsistence The expenses associated with paying and feeding a ship's crew, including allied fringe benefits.......
34. National Income Related Fields Related topics include: National Income Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. National Accounts Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Expenditure Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Gross National Income Find this subject in this World [...]...
35. Income Differentiation Decile Ratios of Income Differentiation (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Decile Ratios of Income Differentiation means: ratio between the minimum income 10% of the wealthiest and highest-income families the most low income or people....
36. Gross National Income Gross National Income (gni) (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Gross National Income (gni) means: comprises the market value of all products and services generated regardless of where the output is produced in given period (i.e., its gross domestic product, plus net receipts of [...]...
37. Seasonal Unemployment Resources See Also Labor Employment Law International Labor Law Industrial Safety Labour Labor Right Labor Policy Employment...
38. Subsistence Farming Resources See Also Rural Development Rural Community Land Law Farm Agricultural Law Agriculture...
39. Scavenger Resources See Also Poverty Cost of Living Income Minimum Wage Standard of living...
40. Income Poverty Line, Population Below Population Below Income Poverty Line (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Population Below Income Poverty Line means: percentage of the population living below the specified poverty line (PPP $1.25 a day and the national poverty line). The national poverty line is the poverty [...]...
41. Unemployment Insurance Resources See Also Social Protection Social Security Employment Affairs Welfare State Unemployment...
42. Seasonal Worker Resources See Also Labor Employment Law International Labor Law Industrial Safety Labour Labor Right Labor Policy Employment...
43. Tax on Employment Income Hierarchical Display of Tax on employment income Finance > Taxation > Tax on incomeEmployment And Working Conditions > Personnel management and staff remuneration > Remuneration of work > PayEmployment And Working Conditions > Personnel management and staff remuneration > Remuneration [...]...
44. Unemployed Person Hierarchical Display of Unemployed person Employment And Working Conditions > Labour market > Labour force > Working populationSocial Questions > Social protection > Social security > Social-security benefit > Unemployment insuranceEmployment And Working Conditions > Employment > [...]...
45. Income in Addition to Normal Pay Hierarchical Display of Income in addition to normal pay Employment And Working Conditions > Personnel management and staff remuneration > Remuneration of workEmployment And Working Conditions > Labour market > Occupational status > Self-employed personEmployment And Working Conditions [...]...
46. Seasonal Employment Resources See Also Labor Employment Law International Labor Law Industrial Safety Labour Labor Right Labor Policy Employment...
47. Social Legislation Introduction to Social LegislationSocial Legislation, generic term used to denote the body of laws enacted in various countries, chiefly in the 19th and 20th centuries, to correct specific social and economic maladjustments. In general, such laws are designed to raise the standard of living......
48. Microloan Hierarchical Display of Microloan Finance > Financial institutions and credit > CreditSocial Questions > Social protection > Welfare > Aid to disadvantaged groupsEconomics > National accounts > Income > Distribution of income > PovertyInternational Relations > Cooperation policy > [...]...
49. Begging Resources See Also Poverty Cost of Living Income Minimum Wage Standard of living...
50. Low Wages Resources See Also Poverty Cost of Living Income Minimum Wage Standard of living...
51. Ragpicker Resources See Also Poverty Cost of Living Income Minimum Wage Standard of living...
52. Poor People Resources See Also Poverty Cost of Living Income Minimum Wage Standard of living...
53. Disposable Income Gross National Disposable Income (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Gross National Disposable Income means: derived from gross national income by adding current transfers from the rest of the world minus current transfers to the rest of the world (including net value of [...]...
54. Migrant Unemployment Hierarchical Display of Migrant unemployment Employment And Working Conditions > Employment > UnemploymentEmployment And Working Conditions > Labour market > Labour force > Migrant workerSocial Questions > Migration > Migration > Migrant Migrant unemployment Concept of Migrant [...]...
55. Adjusted Ordinary Gross Income Resources See Also Personal holding company income...
56. Structural Unemployment Resources See Also International Economic Law Economy Foreign Direct Investment Economic Law...
57. Domestic Product Hierarchical Display of Domestic product Economics > National accounts > National accounts > Economic aggregate Domestic product Concept of Domestic product See the dictionary definition of Domestic product. Characteristics of Domestic product [rtbs name="xxx-xxx"] Resources Translation of [...]...
58. Wage Policy Resources See Also Poverty Cost of Living Income Minimum Wage Standard of living...
59. Gross National Product Summary of Gross National Product The aggregate value, expressed in monetary terms, of all goods and services attributable to a national economy during a given period, usually one year. The final sum includes all goods and services produced within the economy, plus income earned overseas [...]...
60. Consumption Expenditure Hierarchical Display of Consumption expenditure Trade > Consumption > ConsumptionEconomics > Economic conditions > Economic conditions > Cost of livingEconomics > National accounts > Income > Household budgetTrade > Marketing > Marketing > Market research > Consumer survey [...]...
61. Non-working Population Hierarchical Display of Non-working population Employment And Working Conditions > Labour market > Labour forceEmployment And Working Conditions > Employment > Unemployment Non-working population Concept of Non-working population See the dictionary definition of Non-working population. [...]...
62. Health Care System Resources See Also Social Protection Social Security Employment Affairs Welfare State Health...
63. Income Explosion A dramatic increase in per capita income, especially where the income increases are well dispersed throughout the population. Such income increases will stimulate consumer demand, usually reflected in an increase of imports.......
64. Net Income Resources See Also Distributable net income Net profits Taxable income...
65. Shell Company A "paper" company, usually operated without employees. Normally an attorney or other local agent or management company performs the legal duties of the company on behalf of the stockholders. Shell companies often operate in tax-free or low- tax jurisdictions such as Bermuda, Liechtenstein,......
66. Fight Against Unemployment Hierarchical Display of Fight against unemployment Employment And Working Conditions > Employment > Employment policyEmployment And Working Conditions > Employment > UnemploymentEmployment And Working Conditions > Labour market > Labour force > Working population > Unemployed [...]...
67. Income Tax Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Income Tax) Ad Valorem Tax (sometimes, including Income Tax) Alternative Minimum Tax (sometimes, including Income Tax) Big Four (audit firms) (sometimes, including Income Tax) Black [...]...
68. Income Tax Law Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Income Tax Law) ...
69. Mendicity Hierarchical Display of Mendicity Economics > National accounts > Income > Distribution of income > Poverty Concept of Mendicity See the dictionary definition of Mendicity. Characteristics of Mendicity [rtbs name="xxx-xxx"] Resources Translation of Mendicity Spanish: Mendicidad French: [...]...
70. Income Maintenance Resources See Also Social Assistance Welfare Social Protection Social Services Social work...
71. Negative Income Tax Resources See Also Social Assistance Welfare Social Protection Social Services Social work...
72. Means Tested Income Support Resources See Also Social Assistance Welfare Social Protection Social Services Social work...
73. Gross Income Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Gross Income) Ad Valorem Tax (sometimes, including Gross Income) Alternative Minimum Tax (sometimes, including Gross Income) Big Four (audit firms) (sometimes, including Gross Income) [...]...
74. Household Consumption Hierarchical Display of Household consumption Trade > Consumption > ConsumptionFinance > Financial institutions and credit > Credit > Borrowing > IndebtednessEconomics > National accounts > Income > Household incomeFinance > Financial institutions and credit > Credit > Civil [...]...
75. Female Worker Hierarchical Display of Female worker Employment And Working Conditions > Labour market > Labour forceEmployment And Working Conditions > Personnel management and staff remuneration > Pay policy > Equal payEmployment And Working Conditions > Employment > Unemployment > Female [...]...
76. Hidden Unemployment Hierarchical Display of Hidden unemployment Employment And Working Conditions > Employment > Unemployment Hidden unemployment Concept of Hidden unemployment See the dictionary definition of Hidden unemployment. Characteristics of Hidden unemployment [rtbs name="xxx-xxx"] Resources [...]...
77. Adjusted Gross Income Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Adjusted Gross Income) Ad Valorem Tax (sometimes, including Adjusted Gross Income) Alternative Minimum Tax (sometimes, including Adjusted Gross Income) Big Four (audit firms) (sometimes, [...]...
78. Labour Market Hierarchical Display of Labour market Employment And Working Conditions > Labour marketEmployment And Working Conditions > Employment > UnemploymentEmployment And Working Conditions > Employment > Employment policyEmployment And Working Conditions > Employment > Employment [...]...
79. Income Statement ContentsThe Income StatementMore Accounting EntriesSpecialized AccountingFinancial ReportingAccounting PrinciplesThe Balance SheetRegulations and Standards in the United StatesSee Also The Income Statement ... Read more...
80. Cyclical Unemployment Resources See Also Labor Employment Law International Labor Law Industrial Safety Labour Labor Right Labor Policy Employment...
81. Migrant Asylum, Refugee, and Migrant Protection Issues In relation to the international law practice and asylum, refugee, and migrant protection issues in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: Nationality, Citizenship, Immigration About this subject:SyriaNote: [...]...
82. Income Stabilisation Hierarchical Display of Income stabilisation Economics > Economic policy > Economic policy > Incomes policyEconomics > Economic conditions > Economic cycle > Economic stabilisation Income stabilisation Concept of Income stabilisation See the dictionary definition of Income stabilisation. [...]...
83. Income Redistribution Resources See Also Social Protection Social Security Employment Affairs Welfare State...
84. Guaranteed Income Resources See Also Social Protection Social Security Employment Affairs Welfare State Family Responsibility...
85. Income Taxation ContentsIncome TaxationIncome Taxation as a Specialized Area of AccountingMore Accounting EntriesFinancial ReportingAccounting PrinciplesThe Balance SheetThe Income StatementRegulations and Standards in ... Read more...
86. Female Unemployment Hierarchical Display of Female unemployment Employment And Working Conditions > Employment > UnemploymentEmployment And Working Conditions > Labour market > Labour force > Female worker Female unemployment Concept of Female unemployment See the dictionary definition of Female unemployment. [...]...
87. Youth Unemployment Resources See Also Labor Employment Law International Labor Law Industrial Safety Labour Labor Right Labor Policy Employment...
88. Economic Indicator Hierarchical Display of Economic indicator Economics > Economic analysis > Economic analysisEconomics > National accounts > National accounts > Economic aggregate > Domestic product > Gross national productFinance > Monetary relations > Balance of payments > Trade balanceEconomics [...]...
89. Income Distribution Related Fields Related topics include: Disposable Income Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Bankruptcy Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Inequality Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Wage Find this subject in this World legal [...]...
90. Gross Domestic Product Summary of Gross Domestic Product The aggregate value, expressed in monetary terms, of all goods and services produced within a national economy during a given time period, usually one year.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Gross Domestic Product (gdp) (in the Human Development [...]...
91. Young Worker Resources See Also Labor Employment Law International Labor Law Industrial Safety Labour Labor Right Labor Policy Employment...
92. Agricultural Income Resources See Also Income Distribution Bankruptcy Inequality...
93. Long Term Unemployment Resources See Also Labor Employment Law International Labor Law Industrial Safety Labour Labor Right Labor Policy Employment...
94. Income Generating Activities Resources See Also Income Distribution Bankruptcy Inequality...
95. Value Added Value Added (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Value Added means: is the net output of an industry after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. Resources See Also National Income National Accounts Expenditure Gross National Income Net National Income...
96. National Accounting Resources See Also National Income National Accounts Expenditure Gross National Income Net National Income...
97. Working Conditions Resources See Also Poverty Cost of Living Income Minimum Wage Standard of living Working Conditions...
98. Assignment-of-income Doctrine Description of Assignment-of-income Doctrine In this reference work, assignment-of-income doctrine is a sort of the Family law category. Resources See Also Family law...
99. Level Playing Field Level Playing Field and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Level Playing Field: A concept or slogan employed by those calling for efforts to secure both free trade and fair trade. The term alludes [...]...
100. Local Level Resources See Also Economic Development Social development...
101. Financial Income Spanish Translation of financial incomeThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to financial income and / or a definition of this topic: Renta Financiera (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry)....
102. Non-standard Employment Hierarchical Display of Non-standard employment Employment And Working Conditions > Employment > Employment structureEmployment And Working Conditions > Labour market > Labour market > New type of employment Non-standard employment Concept of Non-standard employment See the dictionary [...]...
103. Agricultural Performance Hierarchical Display of Agricultural performance Agriculture, Forestry And Fisheries > Farming systemsBusiness And Competition > Accounting > Accounting > Operating result > ProfitEconomics > National accounts > National accounts > Economic accounts for agriculture Agricultural [...]...
104. Multi-Level Governance Globalization and Multi-Level Governance This section provides an overview of globalization and multi-level governance within the legal context of Historical Perspective in international economic law. Resources Further Reading Ernst-Ulrich Petersmann, "Globalization and Multi-Level [...]...
105. Child's Income Tax Resources See Also Clifford trust Kiddie tax...
106. Earned Income Earned Income (ppp Us$), Estimated (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Earned Income (ppp Us$), Estimated means: derived on the basis of the ratio of the female nonagricultural wage to the male nonagricultural wage, the female and male shares of the economically active population, [...]...
107. Sister Company Sister Company in International Trade Meaning of Sister Company, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A sister company is a company with close affiliations to another company with a separate name and personnel. Both companies are owned by the same parent and [...]...
108. Homelessness Homelessness Definition Homelessness may be defined as the condition of people who lack regular legal access to adequate housing. Introduction Homelessness has been recognized as a significant social problem in the United States since the early 1980s, when a rapid increase in the number of [...]...
109. Subpart F A provision of the Internal Revenue Code (Sections 951-64) that imposes U.S. income taxes on the undistributed earnings of "controlled foreign corporations." Subpart F was incorporated into the Code by the Revenue Act of 1962; prior to that time, earnings by foreign subsidiaries of U.S. fi......
110. National Level Resources See Also Government Government Contract Local Government Public Administration Administrative Law Public Law...
111. Interest Resources See Also Income Distribution Bankruptcy Inequality...
112. Unemployment Due to Technical Progress Hierarchical Display of Unemployment due to technical progress Employment And Working Conditions > Employment > UnemploymentProduction, Technology And Research > Technology and technical regulations > Technology > Technological change Unemployment due to technical progress Concept of [...]...
113. Economic Recession Resources See Also Further Reading Information related to economic recession in the Max Planck Encyclopedia of International Law(MPEPIL), Germany, United Kingdom...
114. Socioeconomic Conditions Hierarchical Display of Socioeconomic conditions Social Questions > Social framework > Social situation Socioeconomic conditions Concept of Socioeconomic conditions See the dictionary definition of Socioeconomic conditions. Characteristics of Socioeconomic conditions [rtbs name="xxx-xxx"] [...]...
115. Minimum Standard Embracing mainstream international law, this section on minimum standard explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "minimum standard" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law [...]...
116. Financing Level Hierarchical Display of Financing level European Union > EU finance > EU financing > EU financing arrangements > Principle of additionalityInternational Relations > Cooperation policy > Aid policy > Aid system > Terms for aid Financing level Concept of Financing level See the dictionary [...]...
117. Level of Qualification Resources See Also Educational Attainment Educational Level Secondary Education Tertiary Education...
118. Noise Level Hierarchical Display of Noise level Environment > Deterioration of the environment > Nuisance > NoiseEnvironment > Environmental policy > Pollution control measures > Pollution control > Degree of pollution Noise level Concept of Noise level See the dictionary definition of Noise level. [...]...
119. Free Medical Care Hierarchical Display of Free medical care Social Questions > Health > Health policy > Health care systemSocial Questions > Social affairs > Social policy Free medical care Concept of Free medical care See the dictionary definition of Free medical care. Characteristics of Free medical care [...]...
120. Social-security Benefit Hierarchical Display of Social-security benefit Social Questions > Social protection > Social security Social-security benefit Concept of Social-security benefit See the dictionary definition of Social-security benefit. Characteristics of Social-security benefit [rtbs name="xxx-xxx"] [...]...