Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. Economic Union Summary of Economic Union Also known as an economic community, an advanced form of economic integration on the part of several states. The economic union incorporates the features of a Common market (read this and related legal terms for further details)—unrestricted free trade among [...]...
2. Single Market Summary of Single Market A component feature of the Common Agricultural policy (read this and related legal terms for further details) of the European Economic Community.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Single Market and Europe There is an entry on single market in the European [...]...
3. Common External Tariff Summary of Common External Tariff The uniform customs tariff applied by all the member states of a customs union or common market to imports from nonmember nations.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Common External Tariff and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT [...]...
4. Compensatory Tax A special import levy imposed by the European Economic Community upon certain agricultural imports when the entry price of such products falls below a reference, or minimum target, price and the import is priced so as to reflect an export subsidy. Compensatory taxes are institutionalized in the [...]...
5. Supplementary Levy An additional tax that may be imposed upon imports of pork, poultry, or eggs into the European Economic Community when the purchase price of such items falls below the Gate Price ("https://lawin.org/list-of-international-trade-law-terms/">read this and related legal terms for [...]...
6. Common Market Summary of Common Market A supranational organization of trading nations, created to promote economic collaboration and minimize constraints on the free movement of goods among the member states. Features of a common market include elimination of tariffs on goods moving between member [...]...
7. Dumping Dumping in International Trade Meaning of Dumping, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The practice of selling a product in a foreign market at an unfairly low price (a price that is lower than the cost in the home market, or which is lower than the cost of [...]...
8. Variable Levy Variable Levy and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Variable Levy: An import duty that is subject to alteration as world market prices change, designed to ensure that the [...]...
9. Terms of Sale Terms of Sale in International Trade Meaning of Terms of Sale, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): This expression refers to the price quotation for a specific product. It states the price for the product as a specified delivery location, sets the time of [...]...
10. Trade Terms Trade Terms in International Trade Meaning of Trade Terms, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The terms of a sale. The setting of responsibilities of the buyer and the seller in a sale, including: sale price, responsibility for shipping, insurance and [...]...
11. Restitutions Export and producer subsidies granted by the European Economic Community to EEC farmers and processors. The subsidies are a feature of the Common Agricultural Policy (read this and related legal terms for further details......
12. Market Risk Market Risk in International Trade Meaning of Market Risk, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The possibility that results at the time a product is delivered may differ from expectations held at a time it was ordered. For instance, the market price may have [...]...
13. Supply Supply in International Trade Meaning of Supply, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The quantity of a good or service that sellers will make available at a given price and a certain time in a specific market. Resources See Also Trade International Trade [...]...
14. Green Rate A special rate of exchange used in converting agricultural prices fixed in units of account into national currencies, within the framework of the Common Agricultural Policy (read this and related legal terms for further deta......
15. Common Financing A feature of the Common Agricultural Policy (read this and related legal terms for further details) of the European Economic Community.......
16. Common Pricing A feature of the COMMON AGRICULTURAL policy (read this and related legal terms for further details) of the European Economic Community.......
17. Intervention Summary of Intervention A process within the framework of the Common Agricultural Policy (read this and related legal terms for further details) of the European Economic Community whereby the EEC will purchase certain commodities currently selling below a stipulated target price. The price [...]...
18. Spot Market A market for commodities or currency in which the sale results in an immediate or nearly immediate exchange of the goods or instruments for cash, as compared with a futures market, which trades in contracts for the future delivery of the product.......
19. Terms of Trade Summary of Terms of Trade An export-import price ratio derived by dividing indices of export prices by indices of import prices. For example, when export indices are 105 percent of a base period, and import indices are 98 percent of the same base period, then the terms of trade [...]...
20. Offer Summary of Offer In vessel charter transactions, synonymous with Firm Offer (read this and related legal terms for further details).(Main Author: William J. Miller) Best and Final Offer (BFO) in International Trade Meaning of Best and Final Offer (bfo), according to the [...]...
21. Economic Integration Summary of Economic Integration The process of unifying two or more national economies through conscious coordination of trade, fiscal, and monetary activities. Economic integration is normally preceded by the reduction or abolition of tariffs, quotas, and similar constraints upon trade [...]...
22. Special Cargo Policy A marine cargo policy issued to cover a specific shipment. A special policy may be issued when the shipper infrequently transports goods by water, or when the merchandise is so unusual or so valuable as to warrant a special policy. Frequent shippers customarily obtain an Open Policy (...
23. Variable Import Levy A duty applicable to imports of certain significant agricultural commodities into the European Economic Community. The Common Agricultural Policy (read this and related legal terms for further details). of the EEC specif......
24. Buffer Stocks Buffer Stocks and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Buffer Stocks: Commodity stocks managed by countries or international organizations to moderate market price fluctuations. When prices rise [...]...
25. Gross Terms Synonymous with Gross Charter (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
26. Additional Product Aid A feature of the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Economic Community, which provides price supports to EEC producers affected by import competition. The "community preference" mechanism of the CAP eliminates external competition for most items but does not respond for certain pro......
27. Caricom Caricom Caricom in International Trade Meaning of Caricom, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The Caribbean Community Market (CARICOM) is an organization of 15 Caribbean nations established in 1973 whose main purposes are to promote economic integration and [...]...
28. Buyer's Premium A subsidy offered by a member state of the European Economic Community to domestic tobacco processors to encourage the use of EEC, rather than imported, tobaccos. The program, which is a feature of the common AGRICULTURAL POLICY (...
29. Freight Rate LCL/fcl in International Trade Meaning of LCL/fcl, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A way of quoting container freight rates in which the carrier agrees to pack the container at the outset (LCL) but unpacking at destination must be carried out by the [...]...
30. Leverage Leverage in International Trade Meaning of Leverage, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): In foreign exchange (options), this term expresses the disproportionately large change in the premium in terms of the relative price movement of the underlying instrument....
31. Agricultural Policy Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) and Europe There is an entry on common agricultural policy (cap) in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Government Government Contract Local Government Public Administration Administrative Law Public Law Resources See Also Further Reading [...]...
32. Transaction Value The primary method of valuing goods for customs purposes under the Customs Valuation Agreement (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
33. Normal Valu Normal Valu in International Trade Meaning of Normal Valu, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A customs term meaning the price at which merchandise is sold or offered for sale in principal markets of the country from which it is exported. In some countries [...]...
34. Financial Solidarity A component principle of the Common Agricultural Policy (read this and related legal terms for further details) of the European Economic Community.......
35. Free Market The economic system of a nation in which market forces determine which goods and services are produced, and at what price they are offered. Free market economies do not contain substantial government controls on resource availability, price levels, or central planning of economic objectives.......
36. Spot Exchange Rate Spot Exchange Rate in International Trade Meaning of Spot Exchange Rate, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The price of one currency expressed in terms of another currency at a given moment in time....
37. Trade Facilitation Trade Facilitation in International Trade Meaning of Trade Facilitation, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Removing obstacles to the movement of goods across borders (e.g. simplification of customs procedures). The International Law of Customs: Trade [...]...
38. Counterpurchase A form of countertrade (read this and related legal terms for further details) in which two parties agree to purchase specified quantities of merchandise from each other at a fixed price. The effect is that each party si......
39. Delay Clause Delay Clause in International Trade Meaning of Delay Clause, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): An insurance policy clause that excludes claims for loss of market and for loss, damage or deterioration arising from delay. This exclusion appears in almost [...]...
40. Free of Capture and Seizure A clause in an ocean marine policy that deletes from the list of covered perils the WAR RISKS (read this and related legal terms for further details) of capture and seizure, and losses attributable thereto. All such war-......
41. Open-end Contract Open-end Contract in International Trade Meaning of Open-end Contract, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A contract by which the buyer may purchase the seller's goods at any time within a specified period without changes in the price or other contract terms....
42. Sale At Less Than Fair Value The sale of merchandise to a foreign purchaser at a price below the price that would be charged for a like sale in the home market. Such sales may serve as the basis for an allegation of Dumping (read this and related legal ......
43. Net Terms Net Terms in International Trade Meaning of Net Terms, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Vessel chartering terms under which the vessel owner is not responsible for the cost of loading, stowing, trimming and unloading the vessel. See also FIO and FIOST....
44. Montant De Soutien A plan devised by the European Economic Community in 1963 as the basis of agricultural trade negotiations during the Kennedy round. The plan is predicated upon a reference price for a given agricultural commodity; any imports below the reference price would incur a levy equal to the spread between t......
45. Deal Breaker Deal Breaker in International Trade Meaning of Deal Breaker, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A term or condition in a proposed transaction upon which negotiators for both sides cannot gain agreement and that can cause the transaction to fail. Deal [...]...
46. Commercial Value Commercial Value in International Trade Meaning of Commercial Value, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The actual price at which a product is sold either to unrelated parties or to related parties at arm's length. This is the opposite of no commercial [...]...
47. Oligopsony A market condition in which there are a limited number of buyers of a given product or service.......
48. Key Currency The currency of a major trading nation widely accepted in settlement of international accounts. At present, eight currencies are regarded as key currencies and are known as the Big Eight ("https://lawin.org/list-of-international-trade-law-terms/">read this and related legal [...]...
49. Lloyd's Register A publication containing details of the characteristics and construction of various oceangoing vessels. The publication is not produced by Lloyd's Of London (read this and related legal terms for further details), wh......
50. G-7 G-7 (Group of Seven) in International Law Meaning of G-7 Group of Seven, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Group comprising the major industrialized nations in economic terms, which in view if the global importance of the member states have made in their [...]...
51. Grey Market Grey Market in International Trade Meaning of Grey Market, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A situation that consists of unauthorized traders buying and selling a company's product in different countries. Companies confronted with a grey situation can [...]...
52. Payment Terms Payment Terms in International Trade Meaning of Payment Terms, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): That part of a contract that defines when, where, to whom and in what currency the underlying obligation is to be discharged. The exporter will consider the [...]...
53. Consignor The person or firm shown as shipper on the BILL OF LADING (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
54. Restitution Restitution in International Trade Meaning of Restitution, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): In law, remedy for a breach of contract by which the parties are restored to their original positions before the contract was made or the breach occurred. Damages [...]...
55. Sad Sad in International Trade Meaning of Sad, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The Single Administration Document is a customs declaration document used by all countries within the European Union (EU). It is required for all exports of goods outside the [...]...
56. Strike Clause Strike Clause in International Trade Meaning of Strike Clause, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): An insurance clause included in insurance policies to cover against losses as a result of strikes. See Strikes, Riots and Commotion Clause (SRCC)....
57. Strike Strike in the International Trade Union Rights Area Definition of Strike provided by ITUC-CSI-IGB: The most common form of industrial action, a strike is a concerted stoppage of work by employees for a limited period of time. Can assume a wide variety of forms. See general strike, intermittent [...]...
58. Strike Benefit Resources See Also Trade Unionism Trade Union Chartism Trade Union Legislation Labor Dispute...
59. Strike Breaker Resources See Also Trade Unionism Trade Union Chartism Trade Union Legislation Labor Dispute...
60. Strike Frequency Resources See Also Trade Unionism Trade Union Chartism Trade Union Legislation Labor Dispute...
61. Sit-down Strike Sit-down strike in the International Trade Union Rights Area Definition of Sit-down strike provided by ITUC-CSI-IGB: A form of industrial action whereby workers occupy their workplace but do not carry out any work. See strike Resources Trade Union Topics Trade Union Act Trades Union Congress [...]...
62. Sympathy Strike Sympathy strike in the International Trade Union Rights Area Definition of Sympathy strike provided by ITUC-CSI-IGB: A concerted work stoppage by workers not directly involved in an industrial dispute to express solidarity with the original strikers and exert indirect pressure on these [...]...
63. Sitdown Strike Resources See Also Trade Unionism Trade Union Chartism Trade Union Legislation Labor Dispute...
64. Spot Price The price of a commodity in the Spot Market (read this and related legal terms for further details), i.e., the price quoted for immediate sale and delivery. ......
65. Standard Price The target price (read this and related legal terms for further details) for tobacco under the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Economic Community.......
66. Right to Strike Resources See Also Further Reading Information related to right to strike in the Max Planck Encyclopedia of International Law(MPEPIL), Germany, United Kingdom...
67. Hunger Strike Introduction to Hunger StrikeHunger Strike, voluntary fast undertaken as a means of protest. Hunger strikes are employed as a political weapon designed to bring notoriety to a cause and thereby apply pressure for change." (1)ResourcesNotes and ReferencesInformatio......
68. Intermittent Strike Intermittent strike in the International Trade Union Rights Area Definition of Intermittent strike provided by ITUC-CSI-IGB: A form of sporadic strike action in which the workers alternate periods of work with complete work stoppages of short duration. Not to be confused with a rotating strike [...]...
69. Political Strike Political strike in the International Trade Union Rights Area Definition of Political strike provided by ITUC-CSI-IGB: A process halfway between conciliation and arbitration , in mediation a neutral third party assists the disputing parties in reaching a settlement to an industrial dispute by [...]...
70. Wildcat Strike Wildcat strike in the International Trade Union Rights Area Definition of Wildcat strike provided by ITUC-CSI-IGB: A spontaneous or unannounced work stoppage called by workers without the authorisation of their union. See strike Resources Trade Union Topics Trade Union Act Trades Union [...]...
71. General Strike Resources See Also Trade Unionism Trade Union Chartism Trade Union Legislation Labor Dispute...
72. Unofficial Strike Resources See Also Trade Unionism Trade Union Chartism Trade Union Legislation Labor Dispute...
73. Net Price Net Price in International Trade Meaning of Net Price, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The price paid or payable after all discounts and rebates have been applied....
74. Price Undertaking Price Undertaking and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Price Undertaking: An agreement by an exporting firm with the government of an " importing country to raise the [...]...
75. Price Differentiation Price Differentiation in International Trade Meaning of Price Differentiation, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Price strategy for international markets that allows each local subsidiary or partner (agent, distributor. etc.) to set a price that is [...]...
76. Price Standardization Price Standardization in International Trade Meaning of Price Standardization, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Price strategy for international markets based on setting a price for the product as it leaves de factory. At its simplest it involves setting [...]...
77. Trigger Price Mechanism A program of import surveillance instituted by the U.S. government in 1977. Under this scheme, a floor price is established for designated import items; this floor is predicated upon the production cost of the most efficient foreign producer, with adjustments for freight and currency [...]...
78. Sluice-Gate Price Sluice-Gate Price and International Trade Resources See Also Common Agricultural Policy...
79. Price Base Price or Basic Price and International Trade Resources See Also Further Reading Information related to price in the Max Planck Encyclopedia of International Law(MPEPIL), Germany, United Kingdom Resources See Also Common Agricultural Policy Gate Price and International Trade Resources [...]...
80. Going Price Resources See Also Fair market value...
81. Adjusted Cif Price A factor in determining the variable import levy imposed by the European Economic Community on grain imports. The adjusted C.I.F. (cost, insurance, and freight) price is derived by assigning a quality factor to grain imported from non-EEC countries so as to put the import on a quality basis comparab......
82. Arm's Length Price The price at which a given commodity would sell in a sale between an unrelated buyer and seller. Arm's length pricing is the functional opposite of transfer pricing, in which the buyer and seller are related and the price is influenced by that relationship.......
83. Base Price As used in conjunction with the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Economic Community, a trigger price for specific commodities at which member states will intervene to support the market price of a commodity. Member states may respond to a decline in market prices below the base price by la......
84. Cash Price The same as SPOT price (read this and related legal terms for further details), as used in grain transactions.......
85. Constructed Price A value for customs purposes that ignores the invoice price of the merchandise but is derived by computing the cost inputs of the product (materials plus reasonable manufacturing expenses in the country of origin plus a profit factor), to which are added the normal costs associated with preparing th......
86. Entry Price Under the common agriculture POLICY (read this and related legal terms for further details) of the European Economic Community, the price at which certain imported agricultural products enter EEC commerce. If the entry p......
87. Exercise Price The price at which the holder of an option contract may buy or sell a specified quantity of a given commodity, security, or currency.......
88. Gate Price The minimum price at which pork, poultry, and eggs werw permitted to enter the European Economic Community under the common AGRICULTURAL POLICY (read this and related legal terms for further details) without imposition o......
89. Guide Price As used in conjunction with the European Economic Community's Common Agricultural Policy on cattle and calves, it is synonymous with Orientation Price (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
90. Indicative Price Also known as the norm price, the Target Price (read this and related legal terms for further details) for producers of olive oil under the common agricultural policy (...
91. Intervention Price The price at which the European Economic Community, in accordance with the Common Agricultural Policy (read this and related legal terms for further details), will intervene in the market to buy excess agricultural produ......
92. Normal Price Within the scope of the Brussels Definition Of Value (read this and related legal terms for further details), the value basis upon which ad valorem duties will be assessed on imports. The normal price is the price the go......
93. Orientation Price As used in conjunction with the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Economic Community it is the target price (read this and related legal terms for further details) for cattle and calves, i.e., the equilibrium pr......
94. Price Cartel An agreement among business entities to fix prices, to establish ranges within which prices may move, or to establish methods by which prices may be determined.......
95. Price Supports A program of governmental action designed to stabilize or lift the price that producers receive for their products. These actions may include direct cash payments, government purchase of output to force up market prices, or special financing. Such supports are most commonly applied to agriculture.......
96. Purchase Price Defined in 19 U.S.C. 162 as the price at which imported merchandise has been purchased, or will be purchased, prior to exportation. It is usually based on the ex factory price excluding any export duties levied in the country of manufacture. Within the framework of the European Economic Community......
97. Reference Price A mechanism of the Common Agricultural policy (read this and related legal terms for further details) of the European Economic Community designed to prevent disruptive import competition for certain vegetables, fruits, f......
98. Target Price An important concept within the common agricultural policy (read this and related legal terms for further details) of the European Economic Community. It represents an optimum wholesale price within the community for a g......
99. Threshold Price A minimum import price for commodities established under the common Agricultural Policy (read this and related legal terms for further details) of the European Economic Community, set so as not to hamper sales of EEC pro......
100. Withdrawal Price A floor price at which European Economic Community producers of certain food products may withhold their goods from the market. The withdrawal price is generally below the base price (i.e., the target price set for a given commodity) and the purchase price at which EEC governments will intervene in ......
101. World Price The price at which a given commodity is selling internationally under market conditions in effect at the time of sale. To provide a valid comparison between prices, the world price quoted must normally include quality, location, and perhaps other factors, depending upon the commodity.......
102. Price Discrimination Price Discrimination and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Price Discrimination: The practice of charging unequal prices to different buyers of products that are essentially identical, when such [...]...
103. Price Competitiveness Price Competitiveness and International Trade Economy Resources See Also competitiveness...
104. Price Bands Price Bands and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Price Bands: A form of variable levy linked to a system of domestic price controls. Countries such as Chile and Colombia [...]...
105. Norm Price Norm Price and International Trade Resources See Also Common Agricultural Policy...
106. Price Restrictions In the United States For information about Price restrictions in the context of international trade, click here...
107. Price Policy Related Fields Related topics include: Economic Development Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Social development Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Price Policy Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Price Control Find this subject in this World [...]...
108. Current Price Resources See Also Current market value Fair market value...
109. Call Price Resources See Also Redemption...
110. Agricultural Price Resources See Also Farming Farm Bill Agricultural Law Agriculture Reform Agriculture...
111. Administered Price Resources See Also Price Policy Price Control Pricing Strategy Dumping...
112. Price Control Resources See Also Price Policy Price Control Pricing Strategy Dumping...
113. Price Stabilization Resources See Also Price Policy Price Control Pricing Strategy Dumping...
114. Price Support Resources See Also Price Policy Price Control Pricing Strategy Dumping...
115. Retail Price Resources See Also Price Policy Price Control Pricing Strategy Dumping...
116. Wholesale Price Resources See Also Price Policy Price Control Pricing Strategy Dumping...
117. American Selling Price A method formerly employed in the United States to establish the value for duty of a limited number of imported products. Under the ASP scheme, an imported product's value for duty was based upon the selling price of like products manufactured in the United States, irrespective of the price the ......
118. Commodity Price Index An index of prices for a stipulated list of commodities. Prices may be on a spot or futures basis. Customarily, major commodities are traded on exchanges (although there are some exceptions), and price fluctuations can be monitored accordingly. The U.S. Department of Labor maintains an index of twen......
119. Consumer Price Index Summary of Consumer Price Index An index of the retail price of four hundred consumer products and services, computed monthly by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Formerly known as the Cost of Living Index, the compilation includes retail price inputs of given items from many cities across [...]...
120. Equilibrium Relative Price Of Currencies Synonymous with rate of exchange, i.e., the price, in terms of one national currency, at which another currency can be purchased under market conditions.......