Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. Authority Authority, Right From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Authority, Right (1): In those nations where the ruling authority had the proper conception of the Almighty, there was a strong, persistent growth of law upon the basis of natural right; while in the pagan nations laws [...]...
2. Factions Factions, Authority From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Factions, Authority (1): Where two factions of a church, each claiming to be the church, try members of the other faction, a court may determine which of the factions is the authorized authority or that the action [...]...
3. Official Communication Official Communication, Privileged From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Official Communication, Privileged (1): An official communication between authorities of the church or an authority and a member of the church concerning a church matter or church members and not made [...]...
4. Pope Roman Catholic Church, Pope, Bishops, Delegated From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Roman Catholic Church, Pope, Bishops, Delegated (1): In the Roman Catholic Church the superior authority is first in the Pope and secondly in the other bishops. This superior authority is [...]...
5. Canons of the Church Leave to Purchase, Title, Canons of the Church From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Leave to Purchase, Title, Canons of the Church (1): A congregation wanted to buy a church and priest's house, but the archbishop refused leave to purchase, but granted permission to [...]...
6. Independent Society, Foreign Language, Independent From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Society, Foreign Language, Independent (1): The formation of a society distinct from the rest of the congregation for the purpose of instruction in a portion of the doctrine of the same church in [...]...
7. Misnomer Misnomer, Identity From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Misnomer, Identity (1): The misnomer of a religious society or corporation will not invalidate a mortgage where the identity of the society can be clearly shown.464 Resources Notes and References Charles M. [...]...
8. Cemetery Cemetery, Authority From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Cemetery, Authority (1): When a congregation that had title to a cemetery for many years entrusted the management and sale of the lots to the priest, he had thereby authority to create servitudes, such as alleys to [...]...
9. Name Change Name, Change From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Name, Change (1): The name of an ecclesiastical corporation is arbitrary and a change or alteration in its name does not affect its identity.126 A charter will not be granted to a church with a name so like another church [...]...
10. Unincorporated Church Unincorporated Church, Incorporated From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Unincorporated Church, Incorporated (1): The officers of an unincorporated church can only be elected by the members of the church, unless there is some law of the State or rule of the church that [...]...
11. Management Management Management, Disability From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Management, Disability (1): An unincorporated society is managed by those who are competent to transact their own business. Therefore, it would seem that members must be men over twenty-one years of [...]...
12. Arrears Voting, Pew-Rent, Arrears From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Voting, Pew-Rent, Arrears (1): Where a church is incorporated and by its charter or the laws of the State it has authority to make reasonable by-laws, a by-law which prohibits any person from voting whose [...]...
13. Collateral Attack From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Collateral Attack (1): A devise of land to a religious society which will increase the title beyond the amount that is allowed by statute, can not be attacked collaterally by a private individual.548 It is for the State and not for the [...]...
14. Personalty Church, Personalty From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Church, Personalty (1): A church removed from its foundation and put on rollers was severed from the realty and became personal property.531 Resources Notes and References Charles M. Scanlan, The Clergyman's [...]...
15. Religious Society Church, Religious Society From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Church, Religious Society (1): Bouvier's definition of "Church" is: "A society of persons who profess the Christian religion." Chief Justice Shaw's definition is: "The church [...]...
16. Christians Church, Christians, Religion From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Church, Christians, Religion (1): The missions established in California prior to its admission into the Union were, in law, practically independent organizations and had no legal connection with the [...]...
17. Corporators Corporators, Change From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Corporators, Change (1): In isolated cases here and there it has been held that a majority of the corporators of a religious society has the right to change the form of church government, as from the Congregational [...]...
18. Subordinate Subordinate, Incorporated From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Subordinate, Incorporated (1): A religious society subordinate to church judicatures, which declares itself independent and becomes incorporated under the general law of the state and subsequently purchases [...]...
19. Lands Limitation, Lands From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Limitation, Lands (1): A statute of the State prohibiting a religious society from holding more than twenty acres, applies to a single parish or congregation and not to the entire denomination when it consists of more [...]...
20. Presumptions Presumptions, Usage From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Presumptions, Usage (1): The usage of a church or the laws of its organization as a religious society, if they are to be considered in deciding legal controversies, must be proved as facts.407 In the absence of [...]...
21. Assessments Cemetery, Assessments From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Cemetery, Assessments (1): Where a lot was bought for the purpose of building a church but was used for a cemetery, and a church was built at another place and the deed to the lot was taken in the name of the [...]...
22. Pew Members Members, Pew From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Members, Pew (1): Members of the congregation may be required to pay for a pew or sitting in the church, and where a priest ejected a member from the church because he would not rent a pew, he was sustained by the [...]...
23. Church The Legal History of Church and State in United States Law This section provides an overview of Church and State in United States Law Church, Religious Society From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Church, Religious Society (1): A church in one sense is more limited than a [...]...
24. Bishop Protestant, Ministers, Bishop From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Protestant, Ministers, Bishop (1): In most church organizations the authority is divided into superior and inferior. In countries where there is an established Protestant church, the superior authority is [...]...
25. Partners Partners, Debt, Liability From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Partners, Debt, Liability (1): Where several go into an undertaking without first being incorporated they are usually liable as partners, each one being responsible for the whole debt. In some States the same [...]...
26. Insubordinate Congregation, Insubordinate, Discipline From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Congregation, Insubordinate, Discipline (1): The male members of a congregation are invested with no visitorial or controling power, but only such authority as is given under the laws of [...]...
27. Lease Lease, Purposes From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Lease, Purposes (1): A religious literary society and scientific corporation has power to lease part of a building owned by it for theatrical and operatic purposes.532 Resources Notes and References Charles M. [...]...
28. Revenues Control, Revenues From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Control, Revenues (1): The trustees of a corporation of a church or of a religious society have entire control over the revenues of such body.501 Resources Notes and References Charles M. Scanlan, The [...]...
29. Proper Record From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Proper Record (1): A book kept by a minister, which contained a regular statement in proper form of the admission of members, choice of officers, and transaction of business of the church, which was the only book kept by the parish, is [...]...
30. Unincorporated Unincorporated, Authority From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Unincorporated, Authority (1): When a church is not incorporated, all its elections and proceedings, so far as they are not contrary to the laws of the State, must be in accordance with the rules and [...]...
31. Hand Vote Ballot, Hand Vote From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Ballot, Hand Vote (1): The vote of a religious society at an annual meeting for the election of officers that the officers shall always be chosen by ballot, does not vitiate an election of officers by hand vote at a [...]...
32. Poll List Voters, Poll List From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Voters, Poll List (1): Parol evidence is admissible to prove the number of persons entitled to vote in a church society, notwithstanding that there is a register of names of the stated hearers in such church kept by [...]...
33. Removing Church, Building, Removing From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Church, Building, Removing (1): Where subscriptions were secured to build a church at a particular place as a memorial to a certain person, a congregation may be enjoined from tearing down the building and [...]...
34. Selling Pew on Execution From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Selling Pew on Execution (1): In an action to recover the value of a pew sold at auction, the merits of the case will be tried according to the law of the land.449 It is doubtful whether a pew in a church can be sold for private debts [...]...
35. Vest Burned, Revert, Vested From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Burned, Revert, Vested (1): The fact that a church on lands donated to the parish, on condition of sustaining the church, burned down, the title did not revert to the grantor's heirs.524 Also land granted a [...]...
36. Excommunication Major Excommunication From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Major Excommunication (1): As excommunication non tolerati affects the rights of citizenship, it is not lawful in England nor the United States. To say that A. has been excommunicated in any form, if untrue, is [...]...
37. Officers Officers, Discipline, Property From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Officers, Discipline, Property (1): When a church society incorporates it becomes a private corporation, and the officers are bound to manage the property in the most upright and careful manner according [...]...
38. Purposes Purposes, Exempt From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Purposes, Exempt (1): Only church property that is actually used for church or charitable purposes, is exempt from taxation. Property held for its increase or profit is not exempt.587 Land bought for a church on which [...]...
39. Trust Dissolution Dissolution, Resulting Trust From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Dissolution, Resulting Trust (1): On dissolution of a religious society, the money collected or derived from the sale of property goes back as a resulting trust to the contributors.585 Resources Notes and [...]...
40. Congregation Congregation, Members From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Congregation, Members (1): The act of incorporation applies only to the particular congregation petitioning for it and does not extend to other churches, even though they are a subsequent growth within the same [...]...
41. Church Tribunal Church Tribunal, Courts From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Church Tribunal, Courts (1): Courts are reluctant to interfere in the church doctrine or discipline or inquire into the regularity of the proceedings of the church tribunal. When such tribunal has deposed a [...]...
42. Forfeiture of Membership From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Forfeiture of Membership (1): Any member may forfeit his membership in a church.246 Resources Notes and References Charles M. Scanlan, The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law. The Law of Church and Grave (1909), Benziger Brothers, New [...]...
43. Harmony Title, Harmony, Division From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Title, Harmony, Division (1): The title to church property in a divided congregation is in that part of the congregation which acts in harmony with the law of the denomination; and the ecclesiastical laws and [...]...
44. Office Office, God From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Office, God (1): The constitutions of Arkansas, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Texas, prohibit a man from holding office who denies the existence of a Supreme Being; and the constitutions of Delaware, [...]...
45. Rule of Admissibility From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Rule of Admissibility (1): A certified copy of the record of a baptism taken from a church register by the parish priest, when admissible at the place where such record is kept, as in Ireland, is admissible to prove the same fact in the [...]...
46. Text-Books Text-Books Text-Books, State From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Text-Books, State (1): The State has the power to grant authority to the State Board of Education to select and prescribe text-books to be used in the public schools of the State.625 Embracing mainstream [...]...
47. Undertaker Sexton, Undertaker, Authorities From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Sexton, Undertaker, Authorities (1): The sexton who has charge of the church property may lawfully remove from the church an undertaker who, after being warned to desist and leave, persists in conducting [...]...
48. Unincorporation Unincorporated, Trustee From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Unincorporated, Trustee (1): The question whether an unincorporated religious society may take a gift or devise, is determined by the law of domicile.458 Generally an unincorporated religious association can not [...]...
49. Free Church Free Church, Seats, Lease From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Free Church, Seats, Lease (1): The trustees of a free church may assign seats and forcibly remove one from a seat without authority.454 Where a pew is real estate, a pewholder may acquire the right to it by [...]...
50. Juror Procedure, Judge, Juror, Witness From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Procedure, Judge, Juror, Witness (1): If there are no rules of procedure prescribed by the church tribunal, the proper practice is to follow the State courts; as, for example, where the State law [...]...
51. Legal Notice Notice, Legal From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Notice, Legal (1): All the proceedings of a corporation, including notice, must be in accordance with the constitution and by-laws, and no business transacted contrary thereto is legal.129 Resources Notes and References [...]...
52. Minutes Evidence, Entries, Minutes From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Evidence, Entries, Minutes (1): The record of the proceedings of a religious society is evidence as to its doings, both in its own tribunals and the courts of the State. Such record consists of entries [...]...
53. Void Devise, Void From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Devise, Void (1): A parent may leave money to a child payable in yearly instalments on condition that said child shall continue to be a member of a particular church and attend the regular meetings thereof, and in case he [...]...
54. Aid Aid, Contracts From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Aid, Contracts (1): Under the constitution of the United States, Congress cannot make appropriations for nor give aid to any denomination. Also, similar provisions are in many of the constitutions of the States. However, [...]...
55. Board Control Board, Control From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Board, Control (1): When the laws of the organization give control of matters to the board of trustees, the majority of the members of the church can not control the action of the trustees contrary to the usages and [...]...
56. Church Record Church Record, Excommunication From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Church Record, Excommunication (1): An entry of a church record that "A report raised and circulated by A. B. against Brother C., stating that he made him pay a note twice, and proved by A. B. as [...]...
57. Control Mother Church, Control From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Mother Church, Control (1): A majority of the members of a congregation can not by their vote leave the church and transfer the property of the congregation to another church so long as any portion of the [...]...
58. Lots Subscription, Lots From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Subscription, Lots (1): Any one may convey title to a church as his part of the subscription by merely marking it on a plat made by him, as lots donated to such church.463 Resources Notes and References Charles [...]...
59. Parishioner From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Parishioner (1): A parishioner must be defined in harmony with the meaning of the word "parish."53 Resources Notes and References Charles M. Scanlan, The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law. The Law of Church and Grave [...]...
60. Permission Debts, Permission, Presumed From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Debts, Permission, Presumed (1): Notwithstanding a rule or ecclesiastical law of the church that a pastor shall not contract debts in the name or for the sake of the church without the written permission of [...]...
61. Religious Service Business, Religious Service From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Business, Religious Service (1): A church organization has the legal right to make any contract concerning its own affairs that is not prohibited by its by-laws or its charter, subject to all laws of legal [...]...
62. Charter By-Laws Charter, By-Laws From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Charter, By-Laws (1): When the charter or by-laws of a church corporation provide that they may be altered, such changes may, after the execution and delivery of a deed, immediately adhere to the title.460 Resources [...]...
63. Insubordination Insubordination, Expulsion, Hearing From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Insubordination, Expulsion, Hearing (1): The authorities in the church, under its rules and discipline, have a right to exclude members in the church, for insubordination.247 If the church has no [...]...
64. Monks Monks, Missions, Title From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Monks, Missions, Title (1): The fact that the monks or priests were at the head of the missions in California when it was acquired by the United States, does not prove that the Catholic Church had universal [...]...
65. Treasurer Treasurer, Accepting a Draft From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Treasurer, Accepting a Draft (1): A parish treasurer has no authority under any condition to bind the corporation by accepting a draft in favor of a third person. A treasurer elected for the purpose of [...]...
66. Burial Faith, Burial From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Faith, Burial (1): Whether a person died in the faith of the Roman Catholic Church so as to be entitled to burial in its cemetery, is not a question within the jurisdiction of civil courts, but must be decided by the [...]...
67. Nuns Nuns, Vows, Property From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Nuns, Vows, Property (1): When joining a society of nuns, one of the vows taken was that all property should be held in common and whatever property was received after taking the vows should belong to the society. [...]...
68. Priesthood Priesthood, Discipline From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Priesthood, Discipline (1): The inferior authority in the Church may be said to be in the priesthood, whose rights and duties are fixed by the canon law, but who are still further subject to the reasonable [...]...
69. Contest Contest, Secession From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Contest, Secession (1): In case of a devise to a church which is claimed by two societies, it is the duty of the court to decide in favor of those who adhere to the ecclesiastical government of the church which was in [...]...
70. Doctrines Trust, Purposes, Doctrines From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Trust, Purposes, Doctrines (1): When a conveyance of a lot is made to certain persons of a religious society and their successors in trust for religious purposes, all the members become beneficiaries in equal [...]...
71. Incorporation Incorporation, Evidence From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Incorporation, Evidence (1): The certificate of incorporation or charter of a religious society or a certified copy thereof from the public record, is the proper evidence thereof.115 Secondary evidence and [...]...
72. Parsonage Parsonage, Rented From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Parsonage, Rented (1): A parsonage owned by a congregation and used only as a residence for the clergyman is not exempt because of some part of it being also used for alleged religious services, to-wit: morning [...]...
73. Regular Church, Regular From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Church, Regular (1): In church organizations those who adhere to the regular order of the church, legal and general, though a minority, are the true congregation and constitute the corporation if incorporated.128 [...]...
74. Board Board, Majority From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Board, Majority (1): Two of the three members of a school board have no authority to act by themselves, and their individual agreement to dismiss a teacher is void. A school board can only act at a duly called meeting of [...]...
75. Court of Equity Trust, Court of Equity From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Trust, Court of Equity (1): A conveyance in trust for the use of a church vests the use in the church and it will be protected by a court of equity.381 Resources See Also Court of Chancery Resources Notes and [...]...
76. Improvements From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Improvements (1): The owner of a lot, unless some rule of the cemetery association or law of the State is to the contrary, may improve it as he sees fit so long as he does not injure the property rights of another.787 Resources Notes [...]...
77. Societies Societies, Secular Work From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Societies, Secular Work (1): Business meetings of benevolent and church societies for benevolent or church work may be held on Sunday. Even the constitution of such societies may be amended on Sunday. However, [...]...
78. By-laws By-Laws By-Laws From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about By-Laws (1): By-laws of the different religious organizations differ widely, from the decrees of the great councils of the Catholic Church down to the vote of the congregation of an independent denomination. By-Laws, [...]...
79. Creditors Debts, Creditors From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Debts, Creditors (1): A committee of a religious society authorized to sell lands to raise money to pay its general debts, is not authorized to execute a mortgage for the purpose of securing various creditors holding [...]...
80. Curate Curate, Services From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Curate, Services (1): In an action by a curate against a religious corporation for personal services, the court will not inquire into the spiritual relations existing between the parties, but will examine their legal [...]...
81. Early Christians From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Early Christians (1): Owing to the persecutions, the early Christians were, in a sense, isolated from the State; they held their property in common, and were governed in matters among themselves by the canon law. However, for want of [...]...
82. Public Institutions Public Institutions, Support From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Public Institutions, Support (1): Benevolent and charitable institutions under a church are not public institutions, and moneys can not be appropriated for their support.608 Resources Notes and References [...]...
83. Y M C A From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Y M C A (1): The Y. M. C. A. on account of giving lunches, lectures, and having a gymnasium, for which charges are made, is not a charitable institution so as to be exempt from liability in case of negligence. Property is exempt only [...]...
84. Standard Bullion Gold or silver in bars of the same composition as gold or silver coins. Since gold and silver coins consist of 90 precent precious metal and 10 percent base metal (usually copper), standard bullion would consist of a like mixture of precious and base metals. In effect, the bullion is suitable for im......
85. Standard Money Units of exchange created by lawful authority, i.e., legal tender.......
86. Standard Price The target price (read this and related legal terms for further details) for tobacco under the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Economic Community.......
87. Standard Industrial Classification SIC (Standard Industrial Classification) and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of SIC (Standard Industrial Classification): The basic system used by the US Commerce Department to categorize similar [...]...
88. Standard Shipping Note Standard Shipping Note (SSN) in International Trade Meaning of Standard Shipping Note (SSN), according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): It is the receiving document for ports and containers bases around the world, and advises of the necessary information to process [...]...
89. Standard of Living Standard of Living (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Standard of Living means: integrated index of socio-economic development, measured by aggregate data such as real per capita income, poverty rate, access to health care, the uneven growth of incomes, standards of education, [...]...
90. Standard of Review This section provides an overview of standard of review within the legal context of National Treatment in international economic law, with coverage of Non-Discrimination in Trade of Goods and Services (Principles). Resources Further Reading Petros C Mavroidis, "Standard of Review," [...]...
91. Standard-Setting Organizations Standard-Setting Organizations in International Economic Law In international economic law, standard-setting organizations includes the following legal areas, with coverage in this world legal encyclopedia: li> International Standards Organization (ISO) International Electrotechnical [...]...
92. Standard Performance Resources See Also Contract Contracting Novation Contract Dispute...
93. Standard International Trade Classification A system for capture of international trade statistics developed under the auspices of the United Nations. The original SITC was adopted by the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations in July 1950. By 1960 many nations were compiling data on a commodity basis; coincidental with the [...]...
94. Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area Introduction to Standard Metropolitan Statistical AreaStandard Metropolitan Statistical Area (SMSA), term previously used in U.S. government statistical compilations. It referred to a county or group of adjoining counties (except in New England) that contained at least one urbanized area of......
95. Standard Oil Company Tankers Case Embracing mainstream international law, this section on standard oil company tankers case explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "standard oil company tankers case" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic [...]...
96. Single Standard A condition in which a nation endows a single metal as the basis of the monetary stock. This system is also known as monometallism. As a practical matter, virtually all commercial nations use gold as the standard.......
97. ISO Standard Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration...
98. Double Standard A program of precious metal coinage in which the nation employs two standards of value, usually gold and silver, each having a fixed ratio of value (the mint ratio). Under this system, either metal, in coined form, stands as legal tender. The double standard differs from bimetallism, with which it i......
99. Fiat Standard A monetary system in which the money in circulation is not redeemable in any other form of money (e.g., gold) but has value simply by virtue of its issuance by governmental authority.......
100. Gold Bullion Standard A monetary policy that permits redemption of currencies into gold, but only for significant amounts. Under a true gold standard, all currency is redeemable into gold on demand; under a gold bullion standard, gold might be redeemable only in minimum lots of one ingot.......
101. Gold Standard Summary of Gold Standard A system under which a nation's currency is freely convertible into gold. The quantity of gold per unit of currency is fixed by law. Most major trading nations, however, abandoned the gold standard because of the constraints it imposes upon liquidity, although [...]...
102. Lloyd's Standard Policy A form of marine policy adopted by Lloyd's in 1779 and recognized in Britain by the Marine Insurance Bill of 1899 and the Marine Insurance Act of 1906 as the standard policy for Britain; policy forms used in the United States vary from the Lloyd's policy, but significant portions are retaine......
103. Qparallel Standard A system under which a nation coins at least two metals, usually gold and silver, without establishing an exchange ratio between the metals. See bimetallism, mint par of Exchange.......
104. Reasonable Person Standard Reasonable Person Standard Explained References See Also Tort (in international or comparative law) Product Liability (in international or comparative law) Duties (in international or comparative law) Resources See Also Tort Product Liability Duties...
105. Minimum Standard Embracing mainstream international law, this section on minimum standard explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "minimum standard" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law [...]...
106. National Treatment Standard National Treatment (standard) Embracing mainstream international law, this section on national treatment (standard) explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "national treatment (standard)" in the Parry and [...]...
107. Production Standard Resources See Also Contract Contracting Novation Contract Dispute...
108. International Gold Bullion Standard A Gold Bullion standard (read this and related legal terms for further details) that permits redemption of currency into gold only for purposes of export.......
109. International Standard Classification of Occupations Resources See Also Worker Employee Benefits Employ Employment White Collar Worker Blue Collar Worker Labor Right Employee...
110. Certified Information Systems Security Professional Standard Overview of Certified Information Systems Security Professional Standard in relation to cyber crime: [1]There are currently three major concentrations in the CISSP standard, which are the following: (1) Information Systems Security Architecture Professional (ISSAP), (2) Information Systems [...]...
111. Fiduciary Standard Synonymous with FIDUCIARY CURRENCY (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
112. Gma Standard Pallet A widely used variety of wooden pallet adopted in the 1960s by the Grocery Manufacturers of America to overcome logistical problems associated with a lack of uniformity of pallet sizes. The GMA pallet measures forty-eight by forty inches and permits four-way entry.......
113. Gold Exchange Standard A condition in which a nation maintains its reserves in a currency convertible into gold rather than in the metal itself. Since August 15, 1971, the U.S. dollar has not been freely convertible into gold by foreign central banks; it therefore does not qualify as a reserve currency for a nation on a g......
114. Common Standard of Civilization Embracing mainstream international law, this section on common standard of civilization explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "common standard of civilization" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary [...]...
115. International Minimum Standard Embracing mainstream international law, this section on international minimum standard explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "international minimum standard" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary [...]...
116. Statutory Law Statutory Law Definition Statutory law is written and set by a legislative act. Statutes can originate with a local municipality or with the state or national legislatures. Read more about the definition of Statutory Law in the legal dictionary. Statutory Law Updating Due to the number [...]...
117. State Authority From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about State Authority (1): The State Legislature has authority to control cemeteries or delegate that authority to some one else, and afterward to transfer it to a different person.758 Resources Notes and References Charles M. Scanlan, [...]...
118. State Courts In relation to religious matters, find out about State Courts and the following issues in this world legal Encyclopedia: Suits, Parties Complaint Church Tribunal, Courts Unincorporated Congregation, Actions, Interest Blasphemy, Sabbath, Lord's Prayer, Bible ...
119. Strangers Notice, Quorum, Majority, Strangers From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Notice, Quorum, Majority, Strangers (1): It is not necessary that a majority of the members of a religious society be present to constitute a corporate meeting. Those present at a regularly called [...]...
120. Students Students, Vote, Residence From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Students, Vote, Residence (1): Students at a seminary studying for the priesthood do not thereby lose their residence at their homes and are not entitled to vote where a college is located. The fact that they [...]...