Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. Central African Customs and Economic Union Central African Customs And Economic Union Central African Customs and Economic Union Outline The Central African Customs and Economic Union (CACEU or UDEAC: Union Douanier et Economique de l'Afrique Centrale) The union came into existence in 1966 pursuant to a treaty signed in 1964 by [...]...
2. Company Union Company union in the International Trade Union Rights Area Definition of Company union provided by ITUC-CSI-IGB: Can be used to describe either an enterprise union or a yellow union. Resources See Also Trade Unionism Trade Union Chartism Trade Union Legislation Resources Trade Union Topics [...]...
3. Southern African Development Community Southern African Development Community (SADC) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Southern African Development Community (SADC): A regional cooperation organization including Angola, Botswana, [...]...
4. Enterprise Union Enterprise union in the International Trade Union Rights Area Definition of Enterprise union provided by ITUC-CSI-IGB: A union whose membership is limited to workers in one particular enterprise. Sometimes called a company union, but should not be confused with a yellow union. Resources Trade [...]...
5. Definition of Trade Union Definition of trade union in the International Trade Union Rights Area Definition of Definition of trade union provided by ITUC-CSI-IGB: Resources Trade Union Topics Trade Union Act Trades Union Congress (TUC) Trade Union Density Definition of Trade Union Socialist Coalition Socialist Party [...]...
6. Organization of East Caribbean States Organization of East Caribbean States (OECS) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Organization of East Caribbean States (OECS): A customs union including Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, [...]...
7. Trade Union Act Trade union act in the International Trade Union Rights Area Definition of Trade union act provided by ITUC-CSI-IGB: Resources Trade Union Topics Trade Union Act Trades Union Congress (TUC) Trade Union Density Definition of Trade Union Socialist Coalition Socialist Party Legislative Power [...]...
8. Independent Union Independent unión in the International Trade Union Rights Area Definition of Independent unión provided by ITUC-CSI-IGB: A trade union that is not affiliated to a national union. Can also be a union that is not dominated by an employer. See yellow unión Resources Trade [...]...
9. Benelux Economic Union Benelux Economic Union Outline The Benelux Economic Union was based on the Treaty of Economic Union signed by Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands in The Hague in 1958. The treaty came into force in 1960, but the economic cooperation among the three countries goes back a long way to 1932, [...]...
10. Gulf Cooperation Council Gulf Cooperation Council Outline The council was established in 1981. It consists of Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates. The council was intended to establish an economic community in the region. The members encourage free movement of capital within the [...]...
11. International Trade Organization International Trade Organization (ITO) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of International Trade Organization (ITO): (Not to be confused with Multilateral Trade "Organization, Sec. I). An [...]...
12. Local Union Local union in the International Trade Union Rights Area Definition of Local union provided by ITUC-CSI-IGB: A local branch of a higher-level trade union such as a national union. Resources Trade Union Topics Trade Union Act Trades Union Congress (TUC) Trade Union Density Definition of Trade [...]...
13. Yellow Union Yellow union in the International Trade Union Rights Area Definition of Yellow union provided by ITUC-CSI-IGB: A union set up and/or controlled by the employer to prevent the establishment of a genuine trade union. Resources Trade Union Topics Trade Union Act Trades Union Congress (TUC) [...]...
14. Union Busting Union busting in the International Trade Union Rights Area Definition of Union busting provided by ITUC-CSI-IGB: Attempts by an employer to prevent the establishment of a trade union or remove an existing union, e.g. by firing union members, challenging unions in court, or by forming a yellow [...]...
15. Czech-Slovak Customs Union Czech-Slovak Customs Union in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Czech-Slovak Customs Union: A customs union linking the Czech Republic and Slovakia, intended to preserve trade relations between [...]...
16. Trade Union Density Trade union density in the International Trade Union Rights Area Definition of Trade union density provided by ITUC-CSI-IGB: Resources Trade Union Topics Trade Union Act Trades Union Congress (TUC) Trade Union Density Definition of Trade Union Socialist Coalition Socialist Party Legislative [...]...
17. Trade Union Centre Trade union centre in the International Trade Union Rights Area Definition of Trade union centre provided by ITUC-CSI-IGB: A central organisation at the national, regional or district level consisting of affiliated trade unions. Often denotes a national federation or confederation. Resources [...]...
18. Representative Union Most representative union in the International Trade Union Rights Area Definition of Most representative union provided by ITUC-CSI-IGB: The union which represents the largest number of workers in a bargaining unit. Can be awarded exclusive representation, by which it becomes the sole union [...]...
19. Trades Union Congress Trades union congress (tuc) in the International Trade Union Rights Area Definition of Trades union congress (tuc) provided by ITUC-CSI-IGB: Resources Trade Union Topics Trade Union Act Trades Union Congress (TUC) Trade Union Density Definition of Trade Union Socialist Coalition Socialist [...]...
20. Anti-union Discrimination Anti-union discrimination in the International Trade Union Rights Area Definition of Anti-union discrimination provided by ITUC-CSI-IGB: Any practice that disadvantages a worker or a group of workers on grounds of their past, current or prospective trade union membership, their legitimate [...]...
21. Customs Duty Spanish Translation of exemption from customs dutyThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to exemption from customs duty and / or a definition of this topic: Franquicia Aduanera (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry)....
22. Union Bridge Company Claim Embracing mainstream international law, this section on union bridge company claim explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "union bridge company claim" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of [...]...
23. EAC The East African Community, abbreviated as EAC, is a regional intergovernmental organisation with its headquarters in Arusha (Tanzania), consisting of the following member countries: Burundi BI Rwanda RW Uganda UG Kenya KE Tanzania TZ The Treaty for Establishment of the East African [...]...
24. Import Licensing Import Licensing and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Import Licensing: Procedures requiring the submission of an application or other documentation (other than those [...]...
25. Mexican Union Railway Company Claim Embracing mainstream international law, this section on mexican union railway company claim explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "mexican union railway company claim" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic [...]...
26. United States Customs Service An agency within the U.S. Department of the Treasury charged with the enforcement of the tariff acts and other laws relating to the importation of goods.The Customs Service was established by Congress in 1789. Among its duties are assessment and collection of duties, excises, and penalti......
27. Customs Territory of the Community Customs territory of the Community and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Customs territory of the Community provided by the European Union Commission: The customs territory of the Community comprises of • Austria, • Belgium, • Denmark, except [...]...
28. Commonwealth of Independent States Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS): An organization of II countries -- including all former Soviet republics [...]...
29. European Community European Community (EC) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of European Community (EC): (Previously known as the European Economic Community, or EEC; the term "European Communities" [...]...
30. Central American Common Market Summary of Central American Common Market A free trade area among the nations of Central America, established in 1960 by a treaty between El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua. The common market began operations in 1961, and Costa Rica joined the group in 1962. Honduras dropped [...]...
31. European Payments Union Summary of European Payments Union An intra-European mechanism for the periodic settlement of trade balances. The EPU was established July 1, 1950, among the members of the Organization for European Economic Cooperation (read this and related legal terms for further details) (OEEC) to [...]...
32. Universal Postal Union Universal Postal Union Outline The union was established under the International Postal Convention of 1874. It was then named the General Postal Union. In 1878 it was renamed the Universal Postal Union. It became a specialised, but independent, agency of the UN after 1945. The UPU is a [...]...
33. Trade Bloc Trade Bloc and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Trade Bloc: A general term referring to regional arrangements among countries that have established formal mechanisms for [...]...
34. Customs Broker Customs Broker in International Trade Meaning of Customs Broker, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Licensed agent or broker (licensing may not be required in all countries) whose function is to handle the process of clearing goods through customs for importers....
35. Colombia-Venezuela Customs Union Colombia-Venezuela Customs Union in International Trade Resources See Also Andean Pact....
36. European Union law Part 6 Contents European Union law Part 6   65 RELIGION AS A BASIS OF LAW IN THE PUBLIC ORDER OF THE ... Read more...
37. Customs Transit The condition of merchandise that is transiting the customs territory of a nation without having been released from customs jurisdiction. Goods in customs transit are processed under an in transit entry at the time they enter the United States; the in transit, or I.T., entry is effected by filing wi......
38. Caribbean Community and Common Market Caribbean Community and Common Market (CARICOM), organization established in 1973 to promote regional unity and to coordinate economic and foreign policy among Caribbean nations. Member countries include Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Belize, Dominica, G......
39. Report To The Council And Commission On Economic And Monetary Union In The Community A report from 1970. See Werner Report Community.......
40. Convention for the Protection, Management and Development of the Marine and Coastal Environment of the Eastern African Region 3 Contents Convention for the Protection, Management and Development of the Marine and Coastal Environment of the Eastern African Region   ... Read more...
41. International Jute Organization International Jute Organization in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of International Jute Organization: An international commodity organization (Sec. I) established in 1984 to administer the [...]...
42. US Chamber of Commerce US Chamber of Commerce in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of US Chamber of Commerce: A federation of business, trade, and professional associations, state and local chambers of commerce, and [...]...
43. West African Economic and Monetary Union West African Economic and Monetary Union or Union Economique et Monetaire Ouest africaine (UEMOA) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of West African Economic and Monetary Union or Union [...]...
44. Customs Union Summary of Customs Union An arrangement among participating countries whereby tariffs are eliminated or virtually eliminated on products moving between members, and a common external tariff (read this and related legal terms for further details) is adopted to provide uniform treatment to [...]...
45. African Union Definition of African Union Within the context of international organizations, the following is a brief meaning of african union: African Union (AU) is the successor of Organisation of African Unity (OAU) and came into existence in 2002 at Durban summit in South Africa. Its headquarters are [...]...
46. Organization of African Trade Union Unity Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration...
47. Southern Common Market Southern Common Market in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Southern Common Market: Mercado Common del Sur (MERCOSUR) or Mercado Comum do Sui (MERCOSUL). A common market including Argentina, [...]...
48. Taxation and Customs Union Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Taxation and Customs Union) ...
49. Austro-german Customs Union Case Embracing mainstream international law, this section on austro-german customs union case explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "austro-german customs union case" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic [...]...
50. West African Economic Community West African Economic Community Outline Also called "Communauté Economique de l'Afrique Occidentale". The CEAO was established in 1973. It consists of a number of West African countries, such as the Ivory Coast, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Senegal and Upper Volta. A Communi......
51. Economic Community of West African States Economic Community Of West African States Summary of Economic Community Of West African States An organization of sixteen West African states committed to the elimination of trade barriers among the member states and the promotion of economic development in the region. Formed at Lagos, [...]...
52. Economic Community of Central African States Economic Community of Central African States or Communaute Economique des Etats de I' Afrique Centrale (CEEAC) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Economic Community of Central African [...]...
53. Southern Africa Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration...
54. Southern Bluefin Tuna Case Embracing mainstream international law, this section on southern bluefin tuna case explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "southern bluefin tuna case" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of [...]...
55. Southern Africa Development Community Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration...
56. Preferential Trade Area for Eastern and Southern Africa Preferential Trade Area for Eastern and Southern Africa (PTA) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Preferential Trade Area for Eastern and Southern Africa (PTA): A preferential arrangement and [...]...
57. Mano River Union Mano River Union Outline The MRU is a customs union, established in 1977. There are three members: Liberia, Sierra Leone and Guinea. Its purpose is to provide preferential tariffs among the members.......
58. Customs Cooperation Council An international organization established for the purpose of harmonizing the customs procedures and techniques of member countries. The agency is concerned with the mechanics of customs administration and is not involved in matters relating to tariff levels or similar substantive economic [...]...
59. US Customs Service US Customs Service in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of US Customs Service: An agency within the US Department of the Treasury charged with enforcement of the tariff acts and other laws relating [...]...
60. French Southern and Antarctic Territories Resources See Also Legal System Country Jurisdiction Immigration Consulate...
61. Organization of African Unity Organization of African Unity and the Peaceful Settlement of Disputes Based on the Handbook on Peaceful Settlement of Disputes between States (1992, United Nations): Article XIX of the OAU Charter lays down the principle of peaceful settlement of disputes and provides for the establishment [...]...
62. Berne Union An association of public and private financial institutions engaged in issuing export credit insurance. Known officially as the International Union of Credit and Investment Insurers, the group was founded at Berne, Switzerland, in 1934 to establish uniform criteria and standards for export [...]...
63. CIS Economic Union CIS Economic Union in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of CIS Economic Union: A prospective customs union among most members of the Commonwealth of Independent States, intended to restore economic [...]...
64. Soviet Union Resources See Also Legal System Country Jurisdiction Immigration Consulate...
65. Social partners in the European Union Contents Social partners in the European Union This is jargon for the two sides of industry i.e. employers and workers. ... Read more...
66. Customs Legal Issues Customs were the original form of international commercial law. As we have seen in the history of lex mercatoria, the customs existed before any statute of commercial law was made and were often the basis for legislation.(1) Customs in International Trade Meaning of Customs, [...]...
67. Customs Law ......
68. Customs Value Customs Value and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Customs Value: A method of valuing imported goods which excludes shipping costs from the final price....
69. Customs Conventions Contents Customs Conventions Convention on Temporary Admission 26.6.1990 International Convention on the Harmonisation of Frontier Controls of Goods 21.10.1982 Customs ... Read more...
70. Customs Territory The geographical area of a country, its possessions, and surrounding waters within which the customs authority is empowered to impose duties and controls upon foreign merchandise entering therein. The customs territory need not necessarily incorporate all the territory over which a nation [...]...
71. Customs Valuation For importers, the process of estimating the value of a product at customs presents problems that can be just as serious as the actual duty rate charged. The WTO agreement on customs valuation aims for a fair, uniform and neutral system for the valuation of goods for customs purposes — a system that conforms to commercial realities, and which outlaws the use of arbitrary or fictitious customs values. The Committee...
72. Customs Valuation Code A uniform system for valuing imports for the application of customs duties. The agreement is a product of the Tokyo Round of multilateral trade negotiations. It provides for five methods of valuing imported merchandise. Transaction value is the price actually paid or payable for the goods, with [...]...
73. Special Customs Invoice A special form of customs invoice formerly used for importations into the United States. Prior to March 1, 1982, the special customs invoice (SCI) was required on any importation when the purchase price of the merchandise exceeded five hundred dollars and the rate of duty was in any way dependent up......
74. Customs Procedures Customs and Administrative Entry Procedures and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Customs and Administrative Entry Procedures: Formalities applying to customs clearance of [...]...
75. Customs Harmonization Customs Harmonization and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Customs Harmonization: Intemational efforts to increase the uniformity of customs procedures such as valuation, [...]...
76. Customs Trade Regulations Law of Similars and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Law of Similars: Regulations limiting importation of a product or altering its tariff treatment if a "similar" [...]...
77. Customs Classification Customs Classification and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Customs Classification: The determination of the appropriate category in which a traded product is classified for [...]...
78. Customs Administration In the United States For information about Customs Administration in the context of international trade, click here...
79. Customs Border Protection In the United States For information about Customs Border Protection in the context of international trade, click here...
80. Customs Brokers In the United States For information about Customs brokers in the context of international trade, click here...
81. Customs Bulletin In the United States For information about Customs Bulletin in the context of international trade, click here...
82. Customs Clearance In the United States For information about Customs clearance in the context of international trade, click here...
83. Customs Compliance In the United States For information about Customs Compliance in the context of international trade, click here...
84. Customs Definition In the United States For information about Customs Definition in the context of international trade, click here...
85. Customs Enforcement In the United States For information about Customs enforcement in the context of international trade, click here...
86. Customs Law Definition In the United States For information about Customs Law Definition in the context of international trade, click here...
87. Customs Law Enforcement In the United States For information about Customs Law enforcement in the context of international trade, click here...
88. Customs Law Procedures In the United States For information about Customs Law Procedures in the context of international trade, click here...
89. Customs Law Rules In the United States For information about Customs Law Rules in the context of international trade, click here...
90. Customs Meaning In the United States For information about Customs Meaning in the context of international trade, click here...
91. Customs Regulations In the United States For information about Customs Regulations in the context of international trade, click here...
92. Customs Tariff In the United States For information about Customs Tariff in the context of international trade, click here...
93. Customs Tariff Code In the United States For information about Customs Tariff Code in the context of international trade, click here...
94. Customs Violations In the United States For information about Customs violations in the context of international trade, click here...
95. Export Customs Clearance In the United States For information about Export Customs Clearance in the context of international trade, click here...
96. World Customs Organization World Customs Organization World Customs Organization...
97. Customs Border Protection Enforcement In the United States For information about Customs Border Protection Enforcement in the context of international trade, click here...
98. International Convention on the Simplification and Harmonization of Customs Procedures International Convention on the Simplification and Harmonization of Customs Procedures and International Trade Resources See Also Kyoto Convention...
99. African Law History of the African Law African Law in the Precolonial Period For more information about this section, in the context of the legal history, see the main entry in this legal encyclopedia. African Law in the Colonial Period For more information about this section, in the context of the [...]...
100. African Resources See Also Population Population Group Ethnic Group Minority Group...
101. African Development Bank African Development Bank Outline The agreement to establish the AfDB came into existence in 1964, and the bank began to operate in 1966. Its membership is open to both African and non-African countries. There are about 75 members in the bank. As a regional development bank, the AfDB provides [...]...
102. Central African Republic The Legal History of Central African Republic This section provides an overview of Central African Republic Resources See Also Legal System Country Jurisdiction Immigration Consulate Resources See Also Legal Biography Legal Traditions Historical Laws History of Law Further Reading Central [...]...
103. African Growth African Growth and Opportunity Act in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): On October 25, 2011, President Obama signed a presidential proclamation designating Cote d'Ivoire, Guinea, and Niger as [...]...
104. East African Community East African Community (EAC) The East African Community, abbreviated as EAC, is a regional intergovernmental organisation with its headquarters in Arusha (Tanzania), consisting of the following member countries: Burundi BI Rwanda RW Uganda UG Kenya KE Tanzania TZ The Treaty for [...]...
105. African, Caribbean and Pacific African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) The African, Caribbean and Pacific group of states, abbreviated as ACP, is an organisation created by the Georgetown Agreement in 1975. Except for Cuba, all ACP countries are signatories to a partnership agreement with the European Union (EU) known as the [...]...
106. African Cultures Indigenous Knowledge Systems: African Cultures and Management Philosophy, the Law and other Social Sciences This conceptual paper draws attention to the relevance of cultures to management philosophy with the purpose of contributing to a culturally viable practice of management in Africa. It [...]...
107. African Court of Justice Embracing mainstream international law, this section on african court of justice explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "african court of justice" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of [...]...
108. African Economic Community Embracing mainstream international law, this section on African economic community explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "African economic community" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of [...]...
109. African Renewal Formerly termed African Recovery, this is an information programme of the U.N. Department of Public lnformation to describe the work of the ECOSOC's Economic Committee for Africa (ECA) and other U.N. agencies in Africa; and the title of a quarterly publication under the same name, fust [...]...
110. Pan-african Parliament Embracing mainstream international law, this section on pan-african parliament explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "pan-african parliament" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International [...]...
111. North African Resources See Also Population Population Group Ethnic Group Minority Group...
112. White African Resources See Also Population Population Group Ethnic Group Minority Group...
113. African Capitals Contents African Capitals A national capital or, in general, a capital (of Latin “caput,” “capitis,” which means “head”) is the ... Read more...
114. List of African online resources Contents List of African online legal resources 1. Africa Action: Activism for Africa since 1953 Description Africa Action incorporates the ... Read more...
115. African Development Bank Group A multilateral development organization, the first component of which, the African Development Bank, was created in 1963 under the auspices of the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa. The group provides funding to African states and multinational official bodies in Africa to advance indust......
116. Economic Union Summary of Economic Union Also known as an economic community, an advanced form of economic integration on the part of several states. The economic union incorporates the features of a Common market (read this and related legal terms for further details)—unrestricted free trade among [...]...
117. African Petroleum Producers' Association African Petroleum Producers' Association OutlineThe APPA was established in 1987 by Algeria, Angola, Benin, Cameroon, Congo, Gabon, Libya and Nigeria in Lagos, Nigeria. The aim of the association is to promote policy cooperation, technical assistance and exchange of information in the d......
118. African, Caribbean And Pacific States African, Caribbean and Pacific States Outline(The ACP) is not an international economic organization in the sense of a regional economic union, such as the EU and ASEAN. But it is a political voice in the international economic relationships of the countries. For example, the ACP as a poli......
119. Arab Mahgreb Union Arab Mahgreb Union (AMU) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Arab Mahgreb Union (AMU): A moribund common market including Algeria, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, and Tunisia. founded in 1989. [...]...
120. Madrid Union Madrid Union and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Madrid Union: Formal name is the Madrid Agreement for the Repression of False or Deceptive Indications of Source on Goods. [...]...