Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. East African Community East African Community (EAC) The East African Community, abbreviated as EAC, is a regional intergovernmental organisation with its headquarters in Arusha (Tanzania), consisting of the following member countries: Burundi BI Rwanda RW Uganda UG Kenya KE Tanzania TZ The Treaty for [...]...
2. European Payments Union Summary of European Payments Union An intra-European mechanism for the periodic settlement of trade balances. The EPU was established July 1, 1950, among the members of the Organization for European Economic Cooperation (read this and related legal terms for further details) (OEEC) to [...]...
3. African Union Definition of African Union Within the context of international organizations, the following is a brief meaning of african union: African Union (AU) is the successor of Organisation of African Unity (OAU) and came into existence in 2002 at Durban summit in South Africa. Its headquarters are [...]...
4. Monetary Affairs Law and Economics in Monetary Affairs in International Economic Law In international economic law, law and economics in monetary affairs includes the following legal areas, with coverage in this world legal encyclopedia: li> Allocation of Powers and Jurisdiction in Monetary Law The Role of [...]...
5. European Community European Community (EC) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of European Community (EC): (Previously known as the European Economic Community, or EEC; the term "European Communities" [...]...
6. EC Commission EC Commission in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of EC Commission: The "executive branch" of the European Community, which is responsible for carrying out policies approved by the EC [...]...
7. European Monetary Institute European Monetary Institute (emi) and Europe There is an entry on european monetary institute (emi) in the European legal encyclopedia. European Monetary Institute and the European Union Resources See Also EMI Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "European Monetary Institute [...]...
8. Community Law Community Law, law of the member states of the European Union (EU), as adopted by the union's Council of Ministers. The European Court of Justice interprets and applies EU law. Community law forms part of the law of states and prevails over national law. (1) Community Law and Europe There [...]...
9. European Council European Council and the Treaties of the European Union Description of European Council provided by the European Union Commission: The European Council is the term used to describe the regular meetings of the Heads of State or Government of the European Union Member States. Its purpose is to [...]...
10. European Monetary Cooperation Fund The successor to the European payments Union (read this and related legal terms for further details), the EMCF was established by the European Monetary Agreement of 1958 as a vehicle to enhance monetary cooperation among......
11. Monetary Compensatory Amounts Settlements between member states of the European Economic Community to reflect the market rate of currencies used in agricultural transactions and the periodically revised Green Rate (read this and related legal terms for f......
12. Monetary System European Monetary System (ems) and Europe There is an entry on european monetary system (ems) in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Public Finance Public Policy Tax Law Financial Regulation Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "European Monetary System (ems)" [...]...
13. Council of Ministers Council of Ministers (Council, or Council of the European Union) and Europe There is an entry on council of ministers (council, or council of the european union) in the European legal encyclopedia. Council of Ministers and the European Union Resources See Also Council Resources See Also [...]...
14. Community Powers Community powers and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Community powers provided by the European Union Commission: Community powers are those which are conferred on the European Union in specific areas by the Member States. The European Union is thus able to act only within the [...]...
15. European Economic Area European Economic Area and the Treaties of the European Union Description of European Economic Area provided by the European Union Commission: Agreement Between the Community, and three Member States of the European Free Trade Area (EFTA)(not Switzerland) entered into force on 1 January 2004 [...]...
16. Monetary Policy Monetary Policy (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Monetary Policy means: the complex of actions aiming to regulate the money supply in a country. By changing banking interest rate, or acting on open securities' market, a government either enlarges or diminishes inflow of [...]...
17. Community Competences Community competences and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Community competences provided by the European Union Commission: Community competences are those which are conferred on the European Union in specific areas by the Member States. The European Union is thus able to act [...]...
18. Monetary Policies The Role of Law in Monetary Policies This section provides an overview of the role of law in monetary policies within the legal context of Law and Economics in Monetary Affairs in international economic law, with coverage of Monetary and Financial Regulation (Main Regulatory Areas). Monetary [...]...
19. United Nations Security Council Resolutions Contents United Nations Security Council Resolutions United Nations Security Council Resolutions Some of the United Nations Security Council resolutions covered ... Read more...
20. Community Transit Community transit and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Community transit provided by the European Union Commission: Customs procedure that allows goods to be moved from one point in the Community to another. Resources See Also Popular Treaties Topics Treaties of the United [...]...
21. EC Council of Ministers EC Council of Ministers in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of EC Council of Ministers: The primary decision-making body of the European Community in which member states are directly represented. [...]...
22. International Organizations Cross References International Organizations Cross-References International Organizations are Institutions which have membership from several states, and they are usually international in scope. ... Read more...
23. West African Economic and Monetary Union West African Economic and Monetary Union or Union Economique et Monetaire Ouest africaine (UEMOA) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of West African Economic and Monetary Union or Union [...]...
24. Pillars of the European Union Pillars of the European Union and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Pillars of the European Union provided by the European Union Commission: In Community parlance people often refer to the three pillars of the EU Treaty. These three pillars, which form the basic structure of [...]...
25. European Commission Spanish Translation of European Commission This is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to European Commission and / or a definition of this topic: Comisión Europea (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry). European Commission and the Treaties of the [...]...
26. Overseas Development Council Overseas Development Council (ODC) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Overseas Development Council (ODC): A research and educational organization that encourages review of US policies toward [...]...
27. Southern African Development Community Southern African Development Community (SADC) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Southern African Development Community (SADC): A regional cooperation organization including Angola, Botswana, [...]...
28. Regionalization Regionalization Further ReadingA concise encyclopedia of the United Nations (including Regionalization , H Volger, KA Annan -2010) The Oxford Handbook on the United Nations (TG Weiss - 2007) International Law: A Dictionary (including Regionalization , Boczek, Boleslaw Adam -2005)...
29. Monetary Institutions Monetary Institutions in International Economic Law In international economic law, monetary institutions includes the following legal areas, with coverage in this world legal encyclopedia: li> International Monetary Fund (IMF) Central Banks Bank of International Settlements (BIS) [...]...
30. European Economic and Monetary Union Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance International Public Finance...
31. Customs Union Summary of Customs Union An arrangement among participating countries whereby tariffs are eliminated or virtually eliminated on products moving between members, and a common external tariff (read this and related legal terms for further details) is adopted to provide uniform treatment to [...]...
32. Nordic Council Definition of Nordic Council Within the context of international organizations, the following is a brief meaning of nordic council: The Nordic Council is a geo-political, inter-parliamentary forum for co-operation between the Nordic countries-which consists of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway [...]...
33. Monetary Regulation Monetary and Financial Regulation This section provides an overview of monetary and financial regulation within the legal context of Monetary and Financial Regulation in international economic law (Main Regulatory Areas)....
34. Un Security Council Resolutions Implementation United States Targeted Sanctions Implementing United Nations Security Council Resolutions in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): See information on Nationality, Citizenship and Immigration in this legal [...]...
35. Council of Baltic Sea States Council of Baltic Sea States (CBSS) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Council of Baltic Sea States (CBSS): A regional cooperation organization including Denmark, the EC Commission, Estonia, [...]...
36. Commission of Inquiry First Report of the Commission of Inquiry in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): On November 23, 2011, the Commission of Inquiry established by HRC Resolution S-17/1 issued its first report. U.N. Doc. [...]...
37. European Political Community European Political Community and Europe There is an entry on european political community in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "European Political Community" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to [...]...
38. Defense Community European Defence Community (EDC) and Europe There is an entry on european defence community (edc) in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "European Defence Community (EDC)" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from [...]...
39. Andean Community Andean Community, organization of South American countries located along the Andes Mountains, whose aim is to facilitate development of member nations through economic and social cooperation. The Andean Community (also known as the Andean Group) was established in 1969 by authority of an [...]...
40. Community Acquis Community acquis and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Community acquis provided by the European Union Commission: The Community acquis is the body of common rights and obligations which bind all the Member States together within the European Union. It is constantly evolving [...]...
41. Regional Organizations Regional organizations are, under some perspectives, international organizations, as they are members of the international community and encompass geopolitical entities that, in their operations or activities, transcend a single state or country. However, its membership is characterized by [...]...
42. Economic and Monetary Union Economic and Monetary Union and the European Union Resources See Also EMU...
43. EMU EMU (Economic and Monetary Union) and Europe There is an entry on emu (economic and monetary union) in the European legal encyclopedia. EMU and the European Union Resources See Also Economic and Monetary Union Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "EMU (Economic and Monetary [...]...
44. Economic Partnership Agreements EPA and the Treaties of the European Union Description of EPA provided by the European Union Commission: Economic Partnership Agreements: The ACP countries and the EU have agreed to enter into economic integration agreements - concluding newWTO compatible trading arrangements, progressively [...]...
45. Venice Commission United States Joins Venice Commission in 2013 United States views on international law [1] in relation to United States Joins Venice Commission: On April 15, 2013, the United States became the 59th member of the Council of Europe's European Commission for Democracy through Law, or [...]...
46. Western European Union Embracing mainstream international law, this section on western european union explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Western European Union and the European Union Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental [...]...
47. International Meat Council International Meat Council in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of International Meat Council: A group established within the GA 1T framework to oversee the Bovine Meat Arrangement (Sec. I). In [...]...
48. Bruntland Commission Bruntland Commission or World Commission on Environment and Development (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Bruntland Commission (also World Commission on Environment and Development) means: stands for the World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED), known by the name [...]...
49. Universal Postal Union Universal Postal Union Outline The union was established under the International Postal Convention of 1874. It was then named the General Postal Union. In 1878 it was renamed the Universal Postal Union. It became a specialised, but independent, agency of the UN after 1945. The UPU is a [...]...
50. Works Council Works council in the International Trade Union Rights Area Definition of Works council provided by ITUC-CSI-IGB: 1. A body elected to represent the interests of workers within a workplace through communication and consultation with the employer e.g. concerning working conditions and health and [...]...
51. Citizenship of the Union Citizenship of the Union and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Citizenship of the Union provided by the European Union Commission: Citizenship of the Union is dependent on holding the nationality of one of the Member States. In other words, anyone who is a national of aMember [...]...
52. United Nations Security Council Structure of the United Nations: Security CouncilIntroduction to United Nations Security CouncilThe Security Council is the most powerful body in the UN. It is responsible for maintaining international peace, and for restoring peace when conflicts arise. Its decisions are binding o......
53. Japan Center for Economic Research Japan Center for Economic Research (JCER) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Japan Center for Economic Research (JCER): A nongovernmental economic forecasting organization funded primarily by [...]...
54. Centre for Economic Performance Centre for Economic Performance (CEP) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Centre for Economic Performance (CEP): A British research institute funded by the government as well as by [...]...
55. Economic Sanctions UN Sanctions against Iran Note: for more information, click here. United Nations Sanctions against Iran by Title, Description and Date: UN Security Council Resolution 1696: Resolution expressing the Security Council's concern about the direction of Iran's nuclear program. (July 31, [...]...
56. Court of First Instance of the European Union Court of First Instance of the European Communities (CFI) and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Court of First Instance of the European Communities (CFI) provided by the European Union Commission: The CFI was set up in 1989 to strengthen the protection of individuals' [...]...
57. Centre for Economic Policy Research Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR): A British research institute specializing in international trade and [...]...
58. Trade and Investment Council Trade and Investment Council in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Trade and Investment Council: A forum for bilateral consultations between the United States and various countries which have [...]...
59. European Free Trade Association Summary of European Free Trade Association A free trade area consisting of seven European countries among which tariffs and quantitative restrictions on industrial imports have been eliminated. Established in 1960 by the Stockholm Convention, EFTA originally included Austria, Denmark, [...]...
60. Economic Cooperation Organization Introduction to Economic Cooperation Organization Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO), an organization that promotes economic and cultural cooperation between Islamic states (see Islam). Established in 1985, its original members were Iran, Pakistan, and Turkey. The conclusion of the Sovi......
61. National Institute of Economic and Social Research National Institute of Economic and Social Research in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of National Institute of Economic and Social Research: A privately funded British ..research institute [...]...
62. Monetary Powers Fiscal and Monetary Powers of Congress in U.S. Constitutional Law A list of entries related to Fiscal and Monetary Powers of Congress may be found, under the Fiscal and Monetary Powers of Congress subject group, in the United States constitutional law platform of the American legal encyclopedia....
63. Economic Union Summary of Economic Union Also known as an economic community, an advanced form of economic integration on the part of several states. The economic union incorporates the features of a Common market (read this and related legal terms for further details)—unrestricted free trade among [...]...
64. European Economic Community Summary of European Economic Community One of the three components of the European Communities. In March 1957, the members of the European Coal and Steel Community (France, Federal Republic of Germany, Italy, and the Benelux countries) expanded the sphere of economic cooperation through the [...]...
65. West African Economic Community West African Economic Community Outline Also called "Communauté Economique de l'Afrique Occidentale". The CEAO was established in 1973. It consists of a number of West African countries, such as the Ivory Coast, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Senegal and Upper Volta. A Communi......
66. Economic Community of West African States Economic Community Of West African States Summary of Economic Community Of West African States An organization of sixteen West African states committed to the elimination of trade barriers among the member states and the promotion of economic development in the region. Formed at Lagos, [...]...
67. Economic And Social Council Of The United Nations Economic and Social Council of the United Nations OutlineECOSOC is one of the major organs of the UN, consisting of 54 members. Its main function is to develop and coordinate social and economic policies of UN members. There are five regional commissions under ECOSOC: the Economic Commissio......
68. Brundtland Commission Report Concept of Brundtland Commission Report An introductory definition of Brundtland Commission Report is provided here: published 1987, commissioned 1983 with Gro Harlem Brundtland, Prime Minister of Norway, as commissioner, mandate was to look into the alarming rate at which environmental [...]...
69. Benelux Economic Union Benelux Economic Union Outline The Benelux Economic Union was based on the Treaty of Economic Union signed by Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands in The Hague in 1958. The treaty came into force in 1960, but the economic cooperation among the three countries goes back a long way to 1932, [...]...
70. Central African Customs and Economic Union Central African Customs And Economic Union Central African Customs and Economic Union Outline The Central African Customs and Economic Union (CACEU or UDEAC: Union Douanier et Economique de l'Afrique Centrale) The union came into existence in 1966 pursuant to a treaty signed in 1964 by [...]...
71. Economic Community of West Africa Contents Economic Community of West Africa Economic Community of West Africa and the Peaceful Settlement of Disputes As to disputes ... Read more...
72. Economic Community Of The West African States Economic Community of the West African States OutlineThe community was meant to be a customs union and was based on a treaty signed in 1975. Its membership consists of the Ivory Coast, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Senegal, Upper Volta, Benin, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Nigeria, Togo......
73. Economic Community of Great Lakes Countries Economic Community of Great Lakes Countries or Communaute Economique des Pays des Grands Lacs (CEPGL) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Economic Community of Great Lakes Countries or [...]...
74. Economic Community of Central African States Economic Community of Central African States or Communaute Economique des Etats de I' Afrique Centrale (CEEAC) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Economic Community of Central African [...]...
75. Monetary Union Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration...
76. Economic And Social Council Introduction to Economic and Social Council Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), one of the six principal organs of the United Nations, composed of representatives of 54 countries. Each year 18 members are elected by the UN General Assembly for 3-year terms. ECOSOC's early activities were [...]...
77. Latin Monetary Union Latin Monetary Union and Europe There is an entry on latin monetary union in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Latin Monetary Union" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney [...]...
78. European Monetary Union Meaning of European Monetary Union Here is a very short concept of european monetary union in the European Union framework: It is a common mistake that EMU means European monetary union. In fact the initials stand for Economic and Monetary Union, a more far-reaching goal. Resources Notas y [...]...
79. Pacific Basic Economic Council Pacific Basic Economic Council (PBEC) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Pacific Basic Economic Council (PBEC): A consultative grouping comprising government and private-sector representatives [...]...
80. CIS Economic Union CIS Economic Union in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of CIS Economic Union: A prospective customs union among most members of the Commonwealth of Independent States, intended to restore economic [...]...
81. Economic Community European Economic Community (EEC) and Europe There is an entry on european economic community (eec) in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "European Economic Community (EEC)" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from [...]...
82. African Economic Community Embracing mainstream international law, this section on African economic community explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "African economic community" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of [...]...
83. Council of the European Union Council of the European Union and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Council of the European Union provided by the European Union Commission: The Council of the European Union (the "Council of Ministers" or the "Council") is the Union's main [...]...
84. National Economic Council National Economic Council (NEC) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of National Economic Council (NEC): The NEC was established at the outset of the Clinton Administration to coordinate US [...]...
85. Commission of the European Community Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration...
86. Council For Mutual Economic Cooperation Known commonly as Comecon, was organized by the Soviet Union in 1949, in response to the Marshall Plan. Comecon's objective is to facilitate trade among its members: consisting of the Soviet Union, the communist states of Eastern Europe (excepting Albania), Mongolia, and Cuba; Yugoslavia has bee......
87. Council on Mutual Economic Assistance Council on Mutual Economic Assistance (CEMA, CMEA or COMECON) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Council on Mutual Economic Assistance (CEMA, CMEA or COMECON): Formed in 1949, CEMA was a [...]...
88. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) The United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, abbreviated as UNECE, is one of five regional commissions of the United Nations. UNECE was set up in 1947 to promote pan-European economic integration. To do so, it groups 56 countries [...]...
89. Council for Mutual Economic Assistance Embracing mainstream international law, this section on council for mutual economic assistance explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization [...]...
90. United Nations Economic Commission for Africa Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Organization United Nations United Nations System...
91. United Nations Economic and Social Council Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Organization United Nations United Nations System...
92. United Nations Economic and Social Council (ecosoc) United Nations Economic and Social Council (ecosoc) (in the Human Development Area) In this context, United Nations Economic and Social Council (ecosoc) means: of the United Nations constitutes one of the six (one is not active at the moment) principal organs of the United Nations and it is [...]...
93. United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Organization United Nations United Nations System...
94. United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Organization United Nations United Nations System...
95. United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Organization United Nations United Nations System...
96. Out Turn Report A document issued by a vessel upon arrival at a given port detailing the cargo off-loaded. The report is used as evidence in cases where it is alleged that goods were not offloaded, or were discharged in bad order.......
97. Report Resources See Also Document Information Science Research Investigation Legal Research Study...
98. Clean Report of Findings A document issued by a recognized inspection agency certifying that certain merchandise has been examined and found to be in order. This document may be required by a letter of credit or stipulated by the exchange control authorities of certain governments. The object of the report is to ensure [...]...
99. Monetary Approach A view held by one school of economics, that the rate of exchange between two currencies is determined by the relative supply and demand for those currencies.......
100. Monetary Bloc A group of countries that have in common the use of a particular reserve asset. Traditionally, the U.S. dollar and the pound sterling have served as primary reserve assets for many nations, resulting in monetary blocs arising around the dollar or the pound.......
101. Economic Friction Cultural, religious, or ideological perspectives that interfere with and distort opportunities for trade or economic advancement.......
102. Economic Integration Summary of Economic Integration The process of unifying two or more national economies through conscious coordination of trade, fiscal, and monetary activities. Economic integration is normally preceded by the reduction or abolition of tariffs, quotas, and similar constraints upon trade [...]...
103. Economic Mobilization The orchestration and direction of a nation's economic resources under governmental auspices, toward the attainment of a clear national goal, such as the prosecution of a war. Mobilization may involve the allocation of labor and raw materials to essential projects on a priority basis, rationing ......
104. International Economic Law Legal Issues International economic law is more likely to fall under the rubric of public international law, as it deals with international economic relationships between states. See, for example, Petersmann, 'International Economic Theory and International Economic Law: On the Tasks of a [...]...
105. International Bank For Economic Cooperation A clearinghouse for international settlements among COMECON members established at Moscow in 1963. The object of the bank was to eliminate the need for strict bilateral settlement of trade balances among members by use of accounts in "transferable rubles." The tranferable ruble, however, h......
106. Report to the Un Committee on Human Rights Concerning the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights Periodic Report to the United Nations Committee on Human Rights Concerning the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): On December 30, 2011, the [...]...
107. Werner Report A report on the subject of European integration, prepared by a committee under the leadership of Pierre Werner, prime minister of Luxembourg. The report, published in October 1970, urged full economic and monetary union within the European Economic Community as "a catalyst for the development o......
108. Research Report Resources See Also Research Investigation Legal Research Study...
109. Danube Commission A multinational organization responsible for maintaining free navigation of the Danube from Ulm, Germany, to the Black Sea. Formed by the Belgrade Convention of 1948, it replaced an earlier body established in 1856. The commission is composed of one representative from each country bordering the Da......
110. International Trade Commission For more details on United States International Trade Commission, click here.......
111. Reparations Commission Case Embracing mainstream international law, this section on reparations commission case explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "reparations commission case" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of [...]...
112. United States International Trade Commission An independent agency within the Federal government charged with the ongoing investigation of the levels of U.S. import activity. It was established as the United States Tariff Commission in 1916; the current name was adopted in 1974. The commission inquires into the impact of laws and regulations o......
113. World Trade Data Report A service provided to American manufacturers by the International Trade Administration of the U.S. Department of Commerce as a stimulus to exports. For a fee of forty dollars, an American exporter may secure from the International Trade Administration a report on a potential trading partner. The rep......
114. United Nations Commission on International Trade Law United Nations Commission On International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) United Nations Commission on International Trade Law Outline The United Nations Commission on International Trade Law was set up in 1966 by the General Assembly of the United Nations to deal with conflicts of national laws [...]...
115. Depreciation (Monetary) A fall in the value of money. This fall may be reflected as (1) internal depreciation, a decline in the domestic buying power of money, as measured by standard indices— if it now costs $110 to buy what $100 would have bought a year ago, the dollar has depreciated by 9 percent (100 divided by 110) ......
116. Monetary Reserves Precious metal, or foreign currencies convertible into metal, held by a national treasury or central bank as security for money in circulation.......
117. Monetary Unit The unit of account established by law in terms of which transactions are expressed. In the United States the monetary unit is the dollar, which, although no longer officially converted into gold, is tied to gold at the rate of $42.22 per fine ounce.......
118. Monetary Freedom Contents Monetary Freedom Introduction The Index of Economic Freedom The Index of Economic Freedom measures ten components of economic freedom, ... Read more...
119. Répertoire of the Practice of the Security Council Embracing mainstream international law, this section on répertoire of the practice of the security council explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "répertoire of the practice of the security council" in the [...]...
120. Central Monetary Institutions The principal agencies of government responsible for a nation's international financial affairs, particularly in exchange rate or balance of payments matters. The central monetary institutions usually consist of the ministry of finance and the central bank, or another exchange control agency.......