Protest

Summary of Protest

A notice in writing, prepared before a notary public or other official authorized to administer oaths, stipulating that a draft, check, bill of exchange, or other instrument has been dishonored, either by a refusal to accept on the part of the drawee, or by failure to pay the instrument upon maturity. The effect of a protest is to confirm repudiation of the instrument in question and to inform parties secondarily liable under the instrument (e.g., endorsers) that the bill or note has been dishonored. (Main Author: William J. Miller)

Introduction to Protest

Protest has been defined as “expression of dissent or disapproval, especially in a formal way.” (1)

Managing public protest and disorder, and managing the community repercussions of that protest, under the anticipation of a spontaneously emerging terrorist threat, is a relatively new experience for national and international policing.

The policing response to this threat is unfamiliar, and relatively untested in the public arena. Incidents, where the aim of the terrorist is to sacrifice their lives to deliberately kill others, cause widespread destruction, or provoke a police shooting, is alien to the general community ethos and way of life in the UK but needs to be met with a professional and considered response.

The concept of a low technology, high impact suicide terrorist attack against the civil population at a public event, has not been considered as a real possibility before the suicide bombing attacks in London in 2005. Such an attack was not in the general public psyche; suicide terrorism was something that happened on the television, not something that could possibly happen at home. Post 2005 that possibility became reality, and effectively changed policing in the UK.

The information in this entry includes to offer an understanding of emerging terrorist threats, and how this could influence the policing tactical and strategic decision making.

Protest in International Trade

Meaning of Protest, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The act of formalizing the dishonour of a draft. Laws differ from country to country, but in general the procedure works as follows:

• The principal has instructed that dishonoured drafts be protested.
• A draft matures for payment and is not paid.
• Whatever applicable grace period in the drawee’s country expires.
• The banker, often accompanied by a public notary, formally presents the draft for payment. Notice of the dishonour is recorded by the notary.

The results of a protested draft vary from country to country, but the net result is often akin to the recording of a judgment entry. Further, in some countries, protested drafts enjoy preferred status over non protested drafts in case of bankruptcy liquidations. Some countries require that drafts covered by avals (third party guarantees) be protested if defaulted at maturity. This assures that the guarantor receives due notice that its contingent liability may be called.

Stranger, Protest, Kin

From the book The Clergyman’s Hand-book of Law, about Stranger, Protest, Kin (2): One member of a family can not authorize the burial of a stranger in a family lot where his parents are buried and against the protest of any other relative of equal or nearer degree of kin.797 When an owner of a lot has consented to the burial of a body therein, he can not afterward remove the body or deface the tombstone, and to do so would be a criminal offense.798 When a lot is sold to one person, the cemetery association has the right to limit interments to members of the family owning the lot. However, where there is nothing concerning it in the laws or rules of the association, it might be different.799

Protest

Embracing mainstream international law, this section on protest explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here.

Dishonor, Protest, Collection, and Credit in relation with Negotiable Instruments

This content deals with legal and regulatory aspects of Dishonor, Protest, Collection, and Credit covered in connexion with Negotiable Instruments and banking / lending Institutions.

Resources

See Also

• Social Integration
• Social Exclusion
• Community integration
• Social integration
• Racial integration
• Social Engagement
• Public Participation
• Social participation

Resources

Further Reading

• The entry “protest” in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law (currently, the Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law, 2009), Oxford University Press

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Notes and References

1. Information about Protest in the Encarta Online Encyclopedia
2. Charles M. Scanlan, The Clergyman’s Hand-book of Law. The Law of Church and Grave (1909), Benziger Brothers, New York, Cincinnati, Chicago

See Also

• Religion
• Church

Spanish Translation of protest

This is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to protest and / or a definition of this topic: Protesto (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry).