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1. Products Liability Attorney Most Popular Entries related to Products Liability Attorney Products Liability (in the World) Products Liability Outline (in the World) Products Liability Cases (in the World) Products Liability Insurance (in the World) Products Liability Elements (in the World) Products Liability [...]...
2. Products Liability Cases Most Popular Entries related to Products Liability Cases Products Liability (in the World) Products Liability Outline (in the World) Products Liability Cases (in the World) Products Liability Insurance (in the World) Products Liability Elements (in the World) Products Liability Lawsuit [...]...
3. Products Liability Elements Most Popular Entries related to Products Liability Elements Products Liability (in the World) Products Liability Outline (in the World) Products Liability Cases (in the World) Products Liability Insurance (in the World) Products Liability Elements (in the World) Products Liability [...]...
4. Products Liability Insurance Most Popular Entries related to Products Liability Insurance Products Liability (in the World) Products Liability Outline (in the World) Products Liability Cases (in the World) Products Liability Insurance (in the World) Products Liability Elements (in the World) Products Liability [...]...
5. Gold Sterilization A governmental policy to prevent the expansion of a nation's money supply by preventing the accumulation of gold. In the case of a nation on the Gold Standard (read this and related legal terms for further details), ......
6. Gold Reserves The gold held by a nation as reserves for currency issued. After U.S. abandonment of the gold standard in 1933, Congress mandated that the Federal Reserve banks would have to hold gold certificates, reflecting gold on deposit with the U.S. Treasury equivalent to at least 25 percent of currency [...]...
7. Gold Points A variation in the value of two gold standard currencies against the value of physical gold so as to warrant the export of gold. For example, if the exchange rate for French francs rose above a certain point, it would be more profitable to export gold to France and sell it for francs than to exchang......
8. Geneva Gas Protocol Embracing mainstream international law, this section on geneva gas protocol explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "geneva gas protocol" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law [...]...
9. Warsaw Convention The benefit to the shipper in using a Warsaw Convention air waybill is that the shipper does not have to prove that the carrier caused the injury to any lost, damaged, or delayed goods. The shipper has to make a claim within seven days when the bills are governed by the Warsaw Convention and [...]...
10. Monetary Gold Case Embracing mainstream international law, this section on monetary gold case explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "monetary gold case" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law [...]...
11. Property Introduction to Property Property, any object or right that can be owned. Ownership involves, first and foremost, possession; in simple societies to possess something is to own it. Beyond possession, ownership in modern societies implies the right to use, prevent others from using, and dispose [...]...
12. Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety Embracing mainstream international law, this section on cartagena protocol on biosafety explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "cartagena protocol on biosafety" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary [...]...
13. Distinctive Emblem Protocol Embracing mainstream international law, this section on distinctive emblem protocol explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "distinctive emblem protocol" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of [...]...
14. Collective Liability The Legal History of Collective LiabilityThis section provides an overview of Collective Liability ResourcesSee AlsoLegal Biography Legal Traditions Historical Laws History of Law Further Reading Collective Liability in the Oxford International Encyclopedia of Legal History (Oxford University [...]...
15. Vicarious Liability The Legal History of Vicarious LiabilityThis section provides an overview of Vicarious Liability ResourcesSee AlsoLegal Biography Legal Traditions Historical Laws History of Law Further Reading Vicarious Liability in the Oxford International Encyclopedia of Legal History (Oxford University [...]...
16. Encryption Products In the United States For information about Encryption products in the context of international trade, click here...
17. Production Networks Resources See Also Enterprise Joint Enterprise Joint Venture...
18. Limited Liability Limited Liability in International Trade Meaning of Limited Liability, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A situation whereby the liability of a party within the company is limited to some extent. There are many forms of limited liability companies. For [...]...
19. Preferential Treatment In the United States For information about Preferential treatment in the context of international trade, click here Embracing mainstream international law, this section on preferential treatment explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further [...]...
20. Gold Certificates Paper currency issued by the U.S. Treasury denominated in dollars and freely convertible by the bearer into gold at the fixed rate. When the United States went off the gold standard in 1933, gold certificates were removed from circulation, except for use by Federal Reserve banks.......
21. Protocol of Accession Protocol of Accession and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Protocol of Accession: A legal document that recognizes the rights and obligations agreed to as a consequence of a [...]...
22. History of Chinese Law Shang Dynasty (c.16th?11th Century BCE)For more information about this section, in the context of legal history, see the main entry in this legal encyclopedia. Western Chou Dynasty (c.1045?771 BCE)For more information about this section, in the context of legal history, see the [...]...
23. Precedent The Legal History of Precedent This section provides an overview of Precedent Concept of Precedent Note: explore also the meaning of this legal term in the American Ecyclopedia of Law. Embracing mainstream international law, this section on precedent explores the context, history and effect of [...]...
24. Geneva Protocol on the Pacific Settlement of Disputes Embracing mainstream international law, this section on geneva protocol on the pacific settlement of disputes explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "geneva protocol on the pacific settlement of disputes" in [...]...
25. Radioactive Products and Waste Embracing mainstream international law, this section on radioactive products and waste explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "radioactive products and waste" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary [...]...
26. Private Law Law Private LawIntroduction to Private LawPrivate law involves the various relationships that people have with one another and the rules that determine their legal rights and duties among themselves. The area is concerned with rules and principles pertaining to private ownership an......
27. Poverty The Legal History of Poverty This section provides an overview of Poverty Human Poverty Index For Selected High-incomeoecd Countries (hpi-2) (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Human Poverty Index For Selected High-incomeoecd Countries (hpi-2) means: _ composite index measuring [...]...
28. Import Import in International Trade Meaning of Import, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): 1. To receive goods and services from abroad. 2. An imported item. Cultural Property: Import Restrictions In relation to the international law practice and cultural [...]...
29. Entry Price Under the common agriculture POLICY (read this and related legal terms for further details) of the European Economic Community, the price at which certain imported agricultural products enter EEC commerce. If the entry p......
30. Peru The Legal History of Peru This section provides an overview of Peru Implementation: United States-Peru Trade Promotion Agreement ("ptpa") In relation to the international law practice and Implementation: United States-Peru Trade Promotion Agreement ("ptpa") in this world [...]...
31. Madrid Agreement Madrid Agreement and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Madrid Agreement: Formal name is the Madrid Agreement Concerning the International Registration of Marks. An [...]...
32. Professional Liability Insurance Professional Liability Insurance in Aging Law Concept of Professional Liability Insurance in the context of Community Health Care and Services for Older Persons, published by the World Health Organization (WHO):Liability insurance to protect professionals for loss or expense resulting from [...]...
33. Par Value The nominal value assigned to a currency by its issuing authority. Normally, this value is expressed as a quantity of gold, or another currency convertible into gold. When the market value of a currency, expressed in terms of other convertible currencies, deviates significantly from its par [...]...
34. Process and Production Methods Process and Production Methods (PPMs) This section provides an overview of process and production methods (ppms) within the legal context of National Treatment in international economic law, with coverage of Non-Discrimination in Trade of Goods and Services (Principles)....
35. International Trade Organization International Trade Organization (ITO) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of International Trade Organization (ITO): (Not to be confused with Multilateral Trade "Organization, Sec. I). An [...]...
36. Wipo Wipo Wipo in International Trade Meaning of Wipo, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The World Intellectual Property Organization is specialized agency of the United Nations system that seeks to promote international cooperation in the protection of [...]...
37. Profit The Legal History of Profit in Islamic Law This section provides an overview of Profit in Islamic Law Profit in International Trade Meaning of Profit, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The financial gain resulting from selling goods or services at a price [...]...
38. Gold Flow Also known as gold movements, the pattern by which monetary gold enters and leaves a country. Theoretically, an inflow of gold should expand the national monetary supply; conversely, an export of gold should contract the money supply, thus eliminating imbalances in international payments over time. ......
39. Enforcement The Legal History of Enforcement in Islamic Law This section provides an overview of Enforcement in Islamic Law Federal Trade Commission Act and Enforcement Under the FTC Act and the Electronic Commerce Federal Trade Commission Act and Enforcement Under the FTC Act in the Online Business Law [...]...
40. Tuna United States—measures Concerning the Importation, Marketing, and Sale of Tuna and Tuna Products (ds381) In relation to the international law practice and United States—measures Concerning the Importation, Marketing, and Sale of Tuna and Tuna Products (ds381) in this world legal [...]...
41. Pledge The Legal History of Pledge This section provides an overview of Pledge Embracing mainstream international law, this section on pledge explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "pledge" in the Parry and Grant [...]...
42. Slavery The Legal History of Slavery This general section provides an overview of Slavery and its historical context. Slavery in the Ancient Greek Law See the main entry of this legal history topic. Slavery in the Roman Law See the main entry of this legal history topic. Slavery in the English [...]...
43. Import Restrictions Import Restrictions and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Import Restrictions: Measures to limit or control the volume of imports by means of tariffs ornontariff barriers [...]...
44. Safeguards Safeguards in International Trade Meaning of Safeguards, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Emergency measure taken when increased imports of particular products cause or threaten to cause serious injury to the importing country's domestic industry. [...]...
45. Byzantium Early ByzantiumFor more information about this section, in the context of legal history, see the main entry in this legal encyclopedia. Later Byzantium to 1453For more information about this section, in the context of legal history, see the main entry in this legal encyclopedia. [...]...
46. Protocol Protocol and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Protocol provided by the European Union Commission: The term "protocol" is used for agreements less formal than those entitled "treaty" or "convention". The term could be used to cover the following [...]...
47. Joint and Several Liability Joint and Several Liability in International Trade Meaning of Joint and Several Liability, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Liability for damages imposed on two or more individuals or legal entities who are responsible together and individually, allowing [...]...
48. Exceptions Products specifically exempted from trade liberalization, such as duty reductions; usually, exceptions are made to protect domestic industries that would suffer serious harm from increased imports.......
49. Free Trade Area Summary of Free Trade Area An association of states that seeks to overcome impediments to trade among members by reducing or eliminating tariffs among the participants. The members of a free trade area do not maintain a common external tariff nor do they (usually) provide for the free flow [...]...
50. Gold Clause A provision in a debt instrument defining the monetary obligation in terms of gold, or a dollar of a prescribed weight and fineness of gold......
51. Protection The Legal History of Protection in Chinese LawThis section provides an overview of Protection in Chinese Law ResourcesSee AlsoLegal Biography Legal Traditions Historical Laws History of Law Further Reading Protection in Chinese Law in the Oxford International Encyclopedia of Legal History [...]...
52. Intellectual Property Policy Intellectual Property Law and Policy Contents of Intellectual Property Law and Policy Contents of this subject matter include: (Copyright Law – introduction, subsistence and exclusive rights; Copyright law – balancing the interests, dealing with copyright) Patents and Biotechnology [...]...
53. World Trade Organization Functions World Trade Organization In relation to the international law practice and world trade organization in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: Trade, Commercial Relations, Investment, and Transportation About this subject:WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement [...]...
54. Gold Wire The telegraphic transfer of gold among Federal Reserve banks to clear interbank balances. The gold is physically on deposit with the treasurer of the United States.......
55. National Treatment History of Commercial Treaties National Treatment The attainment of national treatment through treaty was strengthened in the 13th century. Venice, an Italian city-state that traded chiefly with Central and East Asia, exacted by treaty from the sultan of _alab (Aleppo) the right to have its [...]...
56. Ancient Greek Law Ancient Greek Law Overview and Historical SurveyFor more information about this section, in the context of legal history, see the main entry in this legal encyclopedia. SourcesFor more information about this section, in the context of legal history, see the main entry in this [...]...
57. Punitive Damages Punitive damages are awarded in cases where the conduct of the defendant is deemed to be so outrageous that justice is only served by adding a penalty over and above compensatory damages. (1) Introduction to Damages in Tort Law There are three kinds of torts, and in two of them (negligent [...]...
58. Environmental Trade Measures Environmental Trade Measures and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Environmental Trade Measures: Trade measures applied by importing or exporting countries in conjunction [...]...
59. Contracting Literature Review on (Contracting) Constructive Change Proposals In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Elisabeth Wright offers the following summary about the topic of (Contracting) Constructive Change Proposals: The theory of changes is unique to public [...]...
60. Policy-oriented Theory Embracing mainstream international law, this section on policy-oriented theory explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "policy-oriented theory" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International [...]...
61. Poison The Legal History of Poison (Gu) This section provides an overview of Poison (Gu) Poison (and Poisoned Weapons) Embracing mainstream international law, this section on poison (and poisoned weapons) explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources See Also [...]...
62. Positivism The Legal History of Positivism in United States Law This section provides an overview of Positivism in United States Law Literature Review on (Public Administration Theory) Logical Positivism and Public Administration In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] [...]...
63. Real Property The Legal History of Real Property This section provides an overview of Real Property Real Property Contents of Real Property Contents of this subject matter include: This topic examines land law in several jurisdictions. the topics to be covered are: (Tenures and Estates and Native Title; [...]...
64. First World Summary of First World A general reference to the industrialized nations of the West, primarily the members of the Organization For Economic Cooperation And Development (read this and related legal terms for further details), but often including other prosperous nations as well. See Second [...]...
65. Gold Inflation A condition that arises in a nation where holdings of gold are tied to money supply, and excessive stocks of monetary gold increase the creation of money, resulting in inflation. The remedy for this condition is to remove gold from the treasury, thereby reducing the quantity of money available.......
66. Paper Gold A common reference to Special Drawing Rights (read this and related legal terms for further details) issued by the International Monetary Fund.......
67. Proculians The Legal History of ProculiansThis section provides an overview of Proculians ResourcesSee AlsoLegal Biography Legal Traditions Historical Laws History of Law Further Reading Proculians in the Oxford International Encyclopedia of Legal History (Oxford University Press) The Oxford Encyclopedia [...]...
68. Offshore Production Offshore Production and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Offshore Production: Manufacturing activities and assembly operations of foreign subsidiaries or affiliates. Beginning in 1963, US [...]...
69. Price Restrictions In the United States For information about Price restrictions in the context of international trade, click here...
70. Industrial Production Industrial Production Related Fields Related topics include: Industrial Production Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Industrial Property Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Regulation Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also [...]...
71. Protection of Property The Protection of Property This section provides an overview of the protection of property within the legal context of The Protection of Property in international economic law (Main Regulatory Areas)....
72. Training With Production Resources See Also Legal Education Education Education Law Higher Education Vocational Training Training...
73. Globalization of Production Resources See Also Industry Industrial Unionism Labor Law Industrial Disputes Business Law...
74. Animal Production Resources See Also Rural Development Rural Community Land Law Farm Agricultural Law Agriculture...
75. Gold Franc A unit of exchange employed in certain international financial transactions. The gold franc contains .2903 grams of fine gold; it is identical with the Swiss franc prior to its 1936 devaluation.......
76. Gold Tranche Position A drawing of foreign exchange from the international monetary FUND (read this and related legal terms for further details), by a member nation up to or equal with that country's gold on deposit with the IMF. In effec......
77. Industrial Property Summary of Industrial Property Intangible property such as patents and trademarks.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Spanish Translation of industrial property This is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to industrial property and / or a definition of this [...]...
78. Mexico International Trade Contracts THE MEXICO-EUROPE FREE TRADE AGREEMENT This section covers: The tariff elimination provisions Rules of origin for MEFTA-eligible products Procedural requirements SECTORAL PROGRAMS AND OTHER TARIFF REDUCTION MEASURES This section covers the [...]...
79. In Re Refined Petroleum Products Antitrust Litigation In re Refined Petroleum Products Antitrust Litigation In relation to the international law practice and In re Refined Petroleum Products Antitrust Litigation in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: Sanctions, Export Controls, International Restrictions About this [...]...
80. Standard Performance Resources See Also Contract Contracting Novation Contract Dispute...
81. Standard Doctrine, Standard From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Doctrine, Standard (1): To ascertain the tenets and doctrines of a church, resort must be had to history and to prior and contemporary standard writings of its members on theology.31 Resources Notes and References [...]...
82. ISO Standard Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration...
83. Double Standard A program of precious metal coinage in which the nation employs two standards of value, usually gold and silver, each having a fixed ratio of value (the mint ratio). Under this system, either metal, in coined form, stands as legal tender. The double standard differs from bimetallism, with which it i......
84. Fiat Standard A monetary system in which the money in circulation is not redeemable in any other form of money (e.g., gold) but has value simply by virtue of its issuance by governmental authority.......
85. Gold Bullion Standard A monetary policy that permits redemption of currencies into gold, but only for significant amounts. Under a true gold standard, all currency is redeemable into gold on demand; under a gold bullion standard, gold might be redeemable only in minimum lots of one ingot.......
86. Gold Standard Summary of Gold Standard A system under which a nation's currency is freely convertible into gold. The quantity of gold per unit of currency is fixed by law. Most major trading nations, however, abandoned the gold standard because of the constraints it imposes upon liquidity, although [...]...
87. Lloyd's Standard Policy A form of marine policy adopted by Lloyd's in 1779 and recognized in Britain by the Marine Insurance Bill of 1899 and the Marine Insurance Act of 1906 as the standard policy for Britain; policy forms used in the United States vary from the Lloyd's policy, but significant portions are retaine......
88. Qparallel Standard A system under which a nation coins at least two metals, usually gold and silver, without establishing an exchange ratio between the metals. See bimetallism, mint par of Exchange.......
89. Single Standard A condition in which a nation endows a single metal as the basis of the monetary stock. This system is also known as monometallism. As a practical matter, virtually all commercial nations use gold as the standard.......
90. Standard Bullion Gold or silver in bars of the same composition as gold or silver coins. Since gold and silver coins consist of 90 precent precious metal and 10 percent base metal (usually copper), standard bullion would consist of a like mixture of precious and base metals. In effect, the bullion is suitable for im......
91. Standard Money Units of exchange created by lawful authority, i.e., legal tender.......
92. Standard Price The target price (read this and related legal terms for further details) for tobacco under the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Economic Community.......
93. Standard Industrial Classification SIC (Standard Industrial Classification) and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of SIC (Standard Industrial Classification): The basic system used by the US Commerce Department to categorize similar [...]...
94. Standard Shipping Note Standard Shipping Note (SSN) in International Trade Meaning of Standard Shipping Note (SSN), according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): It is the receiving document for ports and containers bases around the world, and advises of the necessary information to process [...]...
95. Reasonable Person Standard Reasonable Person Standard Explained References See Also Tort (in international or comparative law) Product Liability (in international or comparative law) Duties (in international or comparative law) Resources See Also Tort Product Liability Duties...
96. Standard of Living Standard of Living (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Standard of Living means: integrated index of socio-economic development, measured by aggregate data such as real per capita income, poverty rate, access to health care, the uneven growth of incomes, standards of education, [...]...
97. Minimum Standard Embracing mainstream international law, this section on minimum standard explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "minimum standard" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law [...]...
98. National Treatment Standard National Treatment (standard) Embracing mainstream international law, this section on national treatment (standard) explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "national treatment (standard)" in the Parry and [...]...
99. Standard of Review This section provides an overview of standard of review within the legal context of National Treatment in international economic law, with coverage of Non-Discrimination in Trade of Goods and Services (Principles). Resources Further Reading Petros C Mavroidis, "Standard of Review," [...]...
100. Standard-Setting Organizations Standard-Setting Organizations in International Economic Law In international economic law, standard-setting organizations includes the following legal areas, with coverage in this world legal encyclopedia: li> International Standards Organization (ISO) International Electrotechnical [...]...
101. International Gold Bullion Standard A Gold Bullion standard (read this and related legal terms for further details) that permits redemption of currency into gold only for purposes of export.......
102. Standard International Trade Classification A system for capture of international trade statistics developed under the auspices of the United Nations. The original SITC was adopted by the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations in July 1950. By 1960 many nations were compiling data on a commodity basis; coincidental with the [...]...
103. Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area Introduction to Standard Metropolitan Statistical AreaStandard Metropolitan Statistical Area (SMSA), term previously used in U.S. government statistical compilations. It referred to a county or group of adjoining counties (except in New England) that contained at least one urbanized area of......
104. Standard Oil Company Tankers Case Embracing mainstream international law, this section on standard oil company tankers case explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "standard oil company tankers case" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic [...]...
105. International Standard Classification of Occupations Resources See Also Worker Employee Benefits Employ Employment White Collar Worker Blue Collar Worker Labor Right Employee...
106. Certified Information Systems Security Professional Standard Overview of Certified Information Systems Security Professional Standard in relation to cyber crime: [1]There are currently three major concentrations in the CISSP standard, which are the following: (1) Information Systems Security Architecture Professional (ISSAP), (2) Information Systems [...]...
107. Fiduciary Standard Synonymous with FIDUCIARY CURRENCY (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
108. Gma Standard Pallet A widely used variety of wooden pallet adopted in the 1960s by the Grocery Manufacturers of America to overcome logistical problems associated with a lack of uniformity of pallet sizes. The GMA pallet measures forty-eight by forty inches and permits four-way entry.......
109. Gold Exchange Standard A condition in which a nation maintains its reserves in a currency convertible into gold rather than in the metal itself. Since August 15, 1971, the U.S. dollar has not been freely convertible into gold by foreign central banks; it therefore does not qualify as a reserve currency for a nation on a g......
110. Common Standard of Civilization Embracing mainstream international law, this section on common standard of civilization explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "common standard of civilization" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary [...]...
111. International Minimum Standard Embracing mainstream international law, this section on international minimum standard explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "international minimum standard" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary [...]...
112. Procurement Procurement (by Governments) Procurement in International Trade Meaning of Procurement, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): All aspects of acquiring and delivering goods, services and works. It starts with identifying a need and finishes with either the end [...]...
113. Precarious Employment Resources See Also Contract Contracting Novation Contract Dispute...
114. Kyoto Protocol to the Convention on Climate Change 5 ContentsKyoto Protocol to the Convention on Climate ChangeConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these Entries Kyoto ... Read more...
115. Consideration Promise as Consideration Cases where promisee is trying to hold promisor to contract under theory that promisee made promise as well that is consideration. Promisor often responds that promisee's promise is 'illusory' and not sufficient consideration. Why enforce promises as [...]...
116. Provisional Application and Provisional Entry into Force of Treaties ContentsProvisional Application and Provisional Entry into Force of international Treaties Provisional ApplicationProvisional application of a treaty that has entered into ... Read more...
117. Private International Law Branches of Private International Law Intellectual Property International commercial arbitration International Commercial Law International Contracts International Family Law International Law of Procedure See also: Hague Conference on Private [...]...
118. Protocol on Environmental Protection 3 Contents Protocol on Environmental Protection ConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these Entries Protocol on Environmental ... Read more...
119. Privileges and Immunities From the earliest times, privileges, immunities, and courtesies were extended to visiting heralds and envoys. Currently the privileges and immunities of diplomats are highly developed and universally accepted. History of Privileges and Immunities For centuries, the territory on which a [...]...
120. Predatory Rate An ocean freight rate set intentionally low so as to drive out competition. Soviet flag carriers, animated by motives other than commercial profit, were widely criticized for establishing predatory rates. Certain noncommunist carriers, enjoying heavy state subsidies, were also suspected of setting p......