Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. Company Member Hierarchical Display of Company member Business And Competition > Business organisation > Company structureBusiness And Competition > Legal form of organisations > Organisation > Firm governed by commercial law > Partnership Company member Concept of Company member See the dictionary [...]...
2. Gold Exchange Standard A condition in which a nation maintains its reserves in a currency convertible into gold rather than in the metal itself. Since August 15, 1971, the U.S. dollar has not been freely convertible into gold by foreign central banks; it therefore does not qualify as a reserve currency for a nation on a g......
3. Gold Flow Also known as gold movements, the pattern by which monetary gold enters and leaves a country. Theoretically, an inflow of gold should expand the national monetary supply; conversely, an export of gold should contract the money supply, thus eliminating imbalances in international payments over time. ......
4. Gold Inflation A condition that arises in a nation where holdings of gold are tied to money supply, and excessive stocks of monetary gold increase the creation of money, resulting in inflation. The remedy for this condition is to remove gold from the treasury, thereby reducing the quantity of money available.......
5. Wine of Superior Quality Hierarchical Display of Wine of superior quality Agri-Foodstuffs > Beverages and sugar > Beverage > Alcoholic beverage > WineAgri-Foodstuffs > Beverages and sugar > Beverage > Marketing > Designation of origin Wine of superior quality Concept of Wine of superior quality See the dictionary [...]...
6. Designation of Origin Hierarchical Display of Designation of origin Trade > Marketing > MarketingAgri-Foodstuffs > Beverages and sugar > Beverage > Alcoholic beverage > Wine > Wine of superior qualityTrade > Consumption > Consumer > Consumer protection > Product qualityTrade > Consumption > Consumer > [...]...
7. Gold Standard Summary of Gold Standard A system under which a nation's currency is freely convertible into gold. The quantity of gold per unit of currency is fixed by law. Most major trading nations, however, abandoned the gold standard because of the constraints it imposes upon liquidity, although [...]...
8. Product Designation Hierarchical Display of Product designation Trade > Consumption > Consumer > Consumer protection > Product qualityTrade > Consumption > Consumer > Marketing > Designation of originTrade > Consumption > Consumer > Preparation for market > LabellingProduction, Technology And Research [...]...
9. Gold Sterilization A governmental policy to prevent the expansion of a nation's money supply by preventing the accumulation of gold. In the case of a nation on the Gold Standard (read this and related legal terms for further details), ......
10. Gold Points A variation in the value of two gold standard currencies against the value of physical gold so as to warrant the export of gold. For example, if the exchange rate for French francs rose above a certain point, it would be more profitable to export gold to France and sell it for francs than to exchang......
11. Gold Bullion Standard A monetary policy that permits redemption of currencies into gold, but only for significant amounts. Under a true gold standard, all currency is redeemable into gold on demand; under a gold bullion standard, gold might be redeemable only in minimum lots of one ingot.......
12. Gold Clause A provision in a debt instrument defining the monetary obligation in terms of gold, or a dollar of a prescribed weight and fineness of gold......
13. Gold Tranche Position A drawing of foreign exchange from the international monetary FUND (read this and related legal terms for further details), by a member nation up to or equal with that country's gold on deposit with the IMF. In effec......
14. Monetary Gold Case Embracing mainstream international law, this section on monetary gold case explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "monetary gold case" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law [...]...
15. Gold Stock A nation's supply of monetary gold.......
16. Gold Franc A unit of exchange employed in certain international financial transactions. The gold franc contains .2903 grams of fine gold; it is identical with the Swiss franc prior to its 1936 devaluation.......
17. Foreign Currency Foreign Currency in International Trade Meaning of Foreign Currency, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The currency of any foreign country which is authorized medium of circulation and the basis for record keeping in that country. Foreign currency is [...]...
18. International Currency Trends in International Political Economy: International CurrencyIntroduction to International CurrencyExplosive growth in the exchange of foreign currencies in international markets has also transformed the global political economy (see foreign exchange). Advanced telecommunicatio......
19. Beer Hierarchical Display of Beer Agri-Foodstuffs > Beverages and sugar > Beverage > Alcoholic beverage Concept of Beer See the dictionary definition of Beer. Characteristics of Beer [rtbs name="xxx-xxx"] Resources Translation of Beer Spanish: Cerveza French: Bière German: Bier Italian: Birra [...]...
20. Agricultural Region Hierarchical Display of Agricultural region Economics > Regions and regional policy > Economic region > Rural regionAgriculture, Forestry And Fisheries > Agricultural policy > Agricultural policy > Regional farm policy > Less-favoured agricultural areaAgriculture, Forestry And [...]...
21. Gold Certificates Paper currency issued by the U.S. Treasury denominated in dollars and freely convertible by the bearer into gold at the fixed rate. When the United States went off the gold standard in 1933, gold certificates were removed from circulation, except for use by Federal Reserve banks.......
22. Earmarked Gold Bullion or coin gold held by a nation, within its monetary reserves, in trust for another government.......
23. Gold Reserves The gold held by a nation as reserves for currency issued. After U.S. abandonment of the gold standard in 1933, Congress mandated that the Federal Reserve banks would have to hold gold certificates, reflecting gold on deposit with the U.S. Treasury equivalent to at least 25 percent of currency [...]...
24. Two-Tier Gold Mart A system under which gold is traded at two distinct prices. A fixed price is set for transactions among governments, while a market price (subject to the supply and demand mechanism) is established for public-sector transactions. This system was reestablished in the United States in 1968. In those c......
25. Monetary Relations Resources See Also Further Reading Information related to monetary relations in the Max Planck Encyclopedia of International Law(MPEPIL), Germany, United Kingdom...
26. Gold Wire The telegraphic transfer of gold among Federal Reserve banks to clear interbank balances. The gold is physically on deposit with the treasurer of the United States.......
27. Mediterranean Third Countries Hierarchical Display of Mediterranean third countries Geography > Economic geographyInternational Relations > Cooperation policy > Cooperation policy > Third countryEconomics > Regions and regional policy > European Region > Mediterranean region (EU)International Relations > [...]...
28. London Gold Pool An arrangement among certain European central banks and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York designed to maintain stability in the market price of gold in private transactions. The United States had been committed to buy and sell gold in official transactions at thirty-five dollars per ounce; a priv......
29. Type of Business Hierarchical Display of Type of business Business And Competition > Business classificationIndustry > Industrial structures and policy > Industrial structuresBusiness And Competition > Business organisation > Company structureEconomics > Economic analysis > Economic analysis > [...]...
30. Gold Crisis A condition that arises when a nation exports so much gold as to draw close to the amount legally required as a reserve for currency outstanding. Often this condition is the product of a severe and protracted deficit in balance of payments.......
31. Monetary Reserves Precious metal, or foreign currencies convertible into metal, held by a national treasury or central bank as security for money in circulation.......
32. Paper Gold A common reference to Special Drawing Rights (read this and related legal terms for further details) issued by the International Monetary Fund.......
33. European Election Hierarchical Display of European election Politics > Electoral procedure and voting > ElectionPolitics > Electoral procedure and voting > Electoral system > European electoral systemEuropean Union > EU institutions and European civil service > EU institution > European Parliament [...]...
34. EU Policy Hierarchical Display of EU policy European Union > European construction > Deepening of the European Union > EU activityBusiness And Competition > Competition > Competition policySocial Questions > Social affairs > Social policy > European social policyProduction, Technology And [...]...
35. Super Gold Tranche A condition in which drawings by a member of the international Monetary Fund (read this and related legal terms for further details) cause fund holdings of the member's currency to fall below 75 percent of the member......
36. Deflation Summary of Deflation A decline in the general level of prices, attributable to excessive savings or other factors that have reduced consumption relative to the supply of goods available. Very often, deflation is reflected during the decline phase of the business cycle. There has been no [...]...
37. International Gold Bullion Standard A Gold Bullion standard (read this and related legal terms for further details) that permits redemption of currency into gold only for purposes of export.......
38. Exchange Rate Exchange Rate in International Trade Meaning of Exchange Rate, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The price of one currency expressed in terms of another, i.e., the number of units of one currency that may be exchanged for one unit of another currency. [...]...
39. Inflation Concept of Inflation An introductory definition of Inflation is provided here: money is losing value relative to goods and services produced in an economy Resources See Also Foregin Policy Foreign Affairs Resources See Also Further Reading Information related to inflation in the Max [...]...
40. Scientific and Technical Research Committee Hierarchical Display of Scientific and Technical Research Committee Production, Technology And Research > Research and intellectual property > Research policy > EU research policy Concept of Scientific and Technical Research Committee See the dictionary definition of Scientific and [...]...
41. Euro Embracing mainstream international law, this section on euro explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Euro and Europe There is an entry on euro in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Euro" in the work [...]...
42. Purchasing Power Parity An equal relationship of prices between two countries. Price levels in both countries are substantially the same, considering the rate of exchange.......
43. Financial Market Resources See Also Trade Market White Market Financial Market Trade Law Competition Law...
44. Representative Money Currency secured by specie; paper money fully backed by gold or silver and redeemable into metal on demand.......
45. Mint Par Of Exchange The relationship, in terms of precious metal value, of two nations' currencies, derived by dividing the gold or silver content, by weight, of one nation's currency unit by the comparable metal content of another nation's currency unit.......
46. Arusha Convention Hierarchical Display of Arusha Convention European Union > European construction > EU relations > Agreement (EU) > Association agreement (EU) > ACP-EU ConventionEuropean Union > European construction > EU relations > Agreement (EU) > Tariff policy > Free-trade area Concept of Arusha [...]...
47. Economic and Monetary Union Economic and Monetary Union and the European Union Resources See Also EMU...
48. Credit Spanish Translation of credit This is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to credit and / or a definition of this topic: Haber (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry). Spanish Translation of credit This is the legal translation of English to Spanish in [...]...
49. Currency Adjustment Hierarchical Display of Currency adjustment Finance > Monetary economics > Monetary policyFinance > Monetary relations > Balance of payments Currency adjustment Concept of Currency adjustment See the dictionary definition of Currency adjustment. Characteristics of Currency adjustment [rtbs [...]...
50. Fixed Exchange Rates A condition in which the official rates of exchange for most currencies, particularly those of major trading nations, are in an established ratio to one another; generally, this is the result of each currency having an established rate to gold from which a series of bilateral exchange ratios can be ......
51. Transatlantic Relations Hierarchical Display of Transatlantic relations International Relations > International affairs > International affairs Transatlantic relations Concept of Transatlantic relations See the dictionary definition of Transatlantic relations. Characteristics of Transatlantic relations [rtbs [...]...
52. Parity In arbitrage usage, an equivalent value for two currencies; for example, the Bermuda dollar enjoys parity with the U.S. dollar (B$l = U.S.SI).......
53. Fineness (Metal) The relative purity of a precious metal. Fineness may be expressed as a percentage, e.g., .999 fine, or, in the case of gold, in karats.......
54. Monetary Policy Monetary Policy (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Monetary Policy means: the complex of actions aiming to regulate the money supply in a country. By changing banking interest rate, or acting on open securities' market, a government either enlarges or diminishes inflow of [...]...
55. Small State Hierarchical Display of Small state Geography > Economic geography Small state Concept of Small state See the dictionary definition of Small state. Characteristics of Small state [rtbs name="xxx-xxx"] Resources Translation of Small state Spanish: Pequeño estado French: Petit État [...]...
56. Yo-Yo Effect A condition that arises under the rules of Financial Accounting Standards Board Statement No. 8 (read this and related legal terms for further details) when a foreign company's total monetary assets differ from its t......
57. Familiar Drawing Techniques process within the international monetary FUND (read this and related legal terms for further details) whereby a member nation suffering balance of payments problems may obtain foreign currencies from the IMF in exchange......
58. Representative Rate Hierarchical Display of Representative rate Agriculture, Forestry And Fisheries > Agricultural policy > Common agricultural policy > Agri-monetary policyFinance > Monetary economics > Exchange policy > Exchange rateFinance > Monetary relations > European Monetary System Representative [...]...
59. European Monetary System Summary of European Monetary System A mechanism established by the European Communities to mitigate exchange rate fluctuations among the members and establish a zone of "monetary stability in Europe."The EMS is, in part, a fulfillment of the 1970 Werner Report (read this and [...]...
60. Transfer of Population Hierarchical Display of Transfer of population Social Questions > Migration > Migration > Forced migration Transfer of population Concept of Transfer of population See the dictionary definition of Transfer of population. Characteristics of Transfer of population [rtbs name="xxx-xxx"] [...]...
61. Hooliganism Hierarchical Display of Hooliganism Social Questions > Social affairs > Social problem > DelinquencySocial Questions > Social affairs > Leisure > Sport > Sporting event Concept of Hooliganism See the dictionary definition of Hooliganism. Characteristics of Hooliganism [rtbs [...]...
62. Exchange Rates Multiple Exchange Rates (also known as Differential Exchange Rates) and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Multiple Exchange Rates (also known as Differential Exchange Rates): [...]...
63. Standard Bullion Gold or silver in bars of the same composition as gold or silver coins. Since gold and silver coins consist of 90 precent precious metal and 10 percent base metal (usually copper), standard bullion would consist of a like mixture of precious and base metals. In effect, the bullion is suitable for im......
64. Monetary Unit The unit of account established by law in terms of which transactions are expressed. In the United States the monetary unit is the dollar, which, although no longer officially converted into gold, is tied to gold at the rate of $42.22 per fine ounce.......
65. Rural Habitat Hierarchical Display of Rural habitat Social Questions > Construction and town planning > HabitatEconomics > Regions and regional policy > Economic region > Rural regionSocial Questions > Demography and population > Geographical distribution of the population > Rural [...]...
66. Beverage Hierarchical Display of Beverage Agri-Foodstuffs > Beverages and sugarAgri-Foodstuffs > Agri-foodstuffs > Food industry > Beverage industryAgri-Foodstuffs > Plant product > Tropical plant > CocoaAgri-Foodstuffs > Plant product > Tropical plant > CoffeeAgri-Foodstuffs > Plant [...]...
67. EP Committee Hierarchical Display of EP Committee European Union > EU institutions and European civil service > EU institution > European ParliamentPolitics > Parliament > Composition of parliament > Parliamentary committee Concept of EP Committee See the dictionary definition of EP Committee. [...]...
68. Specie Money Concept of Specie Money An introductory definition of Specie Money is provided here: solid money (gold or silver, traditionally) Resources See Also Foregin Policy Foreign Affairs...
69. Research Expenditure (EU) Hierarchical Display of Research expenditure (EU) European Union > EU finance > EU expenditure > Operational expenditure (EU)Production, Technology And Research > Research and intellectual property > Research policy > EU research policyProduction, Technology And Research > Research and [...]...
70. European Central Bank European Central Bank (ECB) and the Treaties of the European Union Description of European Central Bank (ECB) provided by the European Union Commission: The European Central Bank was inaugurated on 30 June 1998. On 1 January 1999 it took over responsibility for implementing European monetary [...]...
71. EAEC Hierarchical Display of EAEC European Union > European construction > European CommunitiesEuropean Union > European Union law > European treaties > EAEC TreatyEuropean Union > EU finance > EU financing > EU financial instrument > Community loan > Euratom loan Concept of EAEC See the [...]...
72. Fiat Standard A monetary system in which the money in circulation is not redeemable in any other form of money (e.g., gold) but has value simply by virtue of its issuance by governmental authority.......
73. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Hierarchical Display of Bovine spongiform encephalopathy Agriculture, Forestry And Fisheries > Agricultural activity > Animal health > Animal diseaseSocial Questions > Health > Illness > Disease of the nervous system Bovine spongiform encephalopathy Concept of Bovine spongiform [...]...
74. Central Bank The principal monetary authority of a nation. In most commercially developed nations the central bank issues the currency and acts as banker for the government and the nation's commercial banks. By setting the rate at which it will lend money to commercial banks, the central bank [...]...
75. Differential Exchange Rates A scheme in which a government prescribes different rates of exchange for the local currency, depending upon the transaction involved. The government may assign its currency a given value in terms of gold for capital transfers, for example, but provide for a less favorable rate of exchange for impor......
76. Per Capita Consumption Hierarchical Display of Per capita consumption Trade > Consumption > Consumption Per capita consumption Concept of Per capita consumption See the dictionary definition of Per capita consumption. Characteristics of Per capita consumption [rtbs name="xxx-xxx"] Resources Translation of Per [...]...
77. Bimetallism A system in which a nation defines its monetary unit in terms of a specified quantity of gold and silver, in a specific ratio of one metal to the other (mint ratio). Both metals are minted in unlimited quantities and each enjoys legal tender status.......
78. Single Standard A condition in which a nation endows a single metal as the basis of the monetary stock. This system is also known as monometallism. As a practical matter, virtually all commercial nations use gold as the standard.......
79. Credit Tranche A lending facility at the International Monetary Fund for nations suffering balance of payments difficulties. Before borrowing in the credit tranche, a nation must have exhausted its gold tranche facility. The gold tranche is equivalent to the amount of gold that a nation has deposited with the IMF,......
80. Sister Company Sister Company in International Trade Meaning of Sister Company, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A sister company is a company with close affiliations to another company with a separate name and personnel. Both companies are owned by the same parent and [...]...
81. Safety Standard Hierarchical Display of Safety standard Production, Technology And Research > Technology and technical regulations > Technical regulations > Standardisation > StandardTrade > Consumption > Consumer > Consumer protection > Product safetyIndustry > Chemistry > Special chemicals > [...]...
82. Debasement The reduction, by governmental authority, of the amount of precious metal in the coinage below the conventional level. Debasement results in diluting the precious metal content of the coinage, usually to increase the supply of money for government purposes. The effect of such dilution is often a los......
83. Monetary Approach A view held by one school of economics, that the rate of exchange between two currencies is determined by the relative supply and demand for those currencies.......
84. Par Value The nominal value assigned to a currency by its issuing authority. Normally, this value is expressed as a quantity of gold, or another currency convertible into gold. When the market value of a currency, expressed in terms of other convertible currencies, deviates significantly from its par [...]...
85. Shell Company A "paper" company, usually operated without employees. Normally an attorney or other local agent or management company performs the legal duties of the company on behalf of the stockholders. Shell companies often operate in tax-free or low- tax jurisdictions such as Bermuda, Liechtenstein,......
86. Credit Policy Resources See Also Economic Development Social development...
87. Devaluation Summary of Devaluation The official reduction of the value of a nation's money in relation to a standard (usually gold), special drawing rights, or the U.S. dollar. Inasmuch as all currencies are ultimately valued in terms of some standard, devaluation results in the conscious increase [...]...
88. Southern Europe Hierarchical Display of Southern Europe Geography > EuropeGeography > Political geography > Council of Europe countries > Turkey Concept of Southern Europe See the dictionary definition of Southern Europe. Characteristics of Southern Europe [rtbs name="xxx-xxx"] Resources Translation of [...]...
89. Forward Exchange Option Forward Exchange Option in International Trade Meaning of Forward Exchange Option, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A contractually agreed right to buy (put) or to sell (call) a specific amount of one currency for a specified amount of another [...]...
90. Incompatibility Hierarchical Display of Incompatibility European Union > European construction > EU relations > Member of Parliament Concept of Incompatibility See the dictionary definition of Incompatibility. Characteristics of Incompatibility [rtbs name="xxx-xxx"] Resources Translation of [...]...
91. Synthetic Rubber Hierarchical Display of Synthetic rubber Industry > Chemistry > Chemical industry > Rubber industry Synthetic rubber Concept of Synthetic rubber See the dictionary definition of Synthetic rubber. Characteristics of Synthetic rubber [rtbs name="xxx-xxx"] Resources Translation of Synthetic [...]...
92. Revaluation Revaluation in International Trade Meaning of Revaluation, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The increase of the value (restoration) of a nation's currency (that had once been devalued) in terms of the currency of another nation....
93. Exchange Risk Exchange Risk in International Trade Meaning of Exchange Risk, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The possibility of receiving less or paying more money because a receivable or a payable is denominated in a foreign currency. Countries with shortages of [...]...
94. World Bank World Bank and the World Bank Group Further Reading A concise encyclopedia of the United Nations (including World Bank , H Volger, KA Annan -2010) The Oxford Handbook on the United Nations (TG Weiss - 2007) International Law: A Dictionary (including World Bank , Boczek, Boleslaw Adam -2005) [...]...
95. Currency Area Optimum Currency Area and Europe There is an entry on optimum currency area in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Optimum Currency Area" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney [...]...
96. Parent Company Parent Company in International Trade Meaning of Parent Company, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A parent company, sometimes called a holding company, is a corporation that has subsidiaries which are wholly or partially-owned separate businesses [...]...
97. Arbitration Of Exchange Arbitration Of Exchange Summary of Arbitration Of Exchange The near- simultaneous purchase and sale of foreign bills of exchange so as to take advantage of price differentials for such instruments in different money centers.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Resources See Also [...]...
98. Banking Banking Definition Banking may be defined as transactions carried on by any individual or firm engaged in providing financial services to consumers, businesses, or government enterprises. In the broadest sense, a bank is a financial intermediary that performs one or more of the following [...]...
99. Headquarters Company A company organized in a foreign country for the purpose of providing administrative support to affiliate companies. It does not normally take title to products or provide financing.......
100. Pay Cut Hierarchical Display of Pay cut Employment And Working Conditions > Personnel management and staff remuneration > Pay policyEconomics > Economic policy > Economic policy > Austerity policyEmployment And Working Conditions > Organisation of work and working conditions > Organisation of [...]...
101. Rights of Minorities Hierarchical Display of Rights of minorities Law > Rights and freedoms > Anti-discriminatory measure > Protection of minoritiesEuropean Union > EU institutions and European civil service > EU office or agency > European Union Agency for Fundamental RightsPolitics > Political framework [...]...
102. Double Standard A program of precious metal coinage in which the nation employs two standards of value, usually gold and silver, each having a fixed ratio of value (the mint ratio). Under this system, either metal, in coined form, stands as legal tender. The double standard differs from bimetallism, with which it i......
103. Economic Union Summary of Economic Union Also known as an economic community, an advanced form of economic integration on the part of several states. The economic union incorporates the features of a Common market (read this and related legal terms for further details)—unrestricted free trade among [...]...
104. Price Control Resources See Also Price Policy Price Control Pricing Strategy Dumping...
105. Growth Company ContentsGrowth CompanyGrowth Company in the United StatesResourcesNotes and ReferencesSee Also Growth Company Growth Company in the United States There are ... Read more...
106. Economic Cooperation Resources See Also Further Reading Information related to economic cooperation in the Max Planck Encyclopedia of International Law(MPEPIL), Germany, United Kingdom...
107. Non-refundable Aid Hierarchical Display of Non-refundable aid International Relations > Cooperation policy > Aid policy > Aid system Non-refundable aid Concept of Non-refundable aid See the dictionary definition of Non-refundable aid. Characteristics of Non-refundable aid [rtbs name="xxx-xxx"] Resources [...]...
108. Industrial Waste Resources See Also Industrial Production Industrial Property Regulation...
109. Århus (county) Hierarchical Display of Århus (county) Geography > Regions of EU Member States > Regions of Denmark Århus (county) Concept of Århus (county) See the dictionary definition of Århus (county). Characteristics of Århus (county) [rtbs name="xxx-xxx"] Resources [...]...
110. Fixed Exchange Rate Concept of Fixed Exchange Rate An introductory definition of Fixed Exchange Rate is provided here: the rate of exchange of a currency or currency is set by agreement between governments or by government policy (see also gold standard) Resources See Also Foregin Policy Foreign Affairs...
111. Export Management Company A private company that serves as the export department of other firms, usually small- and medium-size manufacturers. An EMC will provide a variety of services for its clients, to include locating customers abroad, arranging transportation and financing for the merchandise, developing foreign [...]...
112. Economic Policy Concept of Economic Policy Note: explore also the meaning of this legal term in the American Ecyclopedia of Law. Resources See Also Political Economy Public Policy Resources See Also Social Policy Social Development Sociology Public Policy Social Law...
113. European Monetary Cooperation Fund The successor to the European payments Union (read this and related legal terms for further details), the EMCF was established by the European Monetary Agreement of 1958 as a vehicle to enhance monetary cooperation among......
114. Pollutant Resources See Also Energy Utilities Natural Resources Energy Clean Energy...
115. Bretton Woods Agreement The product of an international conference on monetary and economic affairs held at the end of World War II, from which resulted the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank; the term is used most commonly in reference to a program for world monetary affairs that emerged from the conference an......
116. Fifth International Tin Agreement An international commodity agreement among major tin-producing and consuming nations. Principal features of the agreement are (1) establishment of the International Tin Council in which votes are divided equally among producing and consuming nations; the council establishes agreed ceiling and floor ......
117. Par Of Exchange The value, in gold, of a unit of a nation's currency in relation to the gold value of a unit of another nation's currency.......
118. Compensated Dollar A monetary system in which the value of the dollar against gold is adjusted periodically so that purchasing power of money remains constant against a prescribed commodity index.......
119. Central Monetary Institutions The principal agencies of government responsible for a nation's international financial affairs, particularly in exchange rate or balance of payments matters. The central monetary institutions usually consist of the ministry of finance and the central bank, or another exchange control agency.......
120. Consent to Act as Director Sample ContentsConsent to Act as Director SampleConsent letter of director to act as director of the CompanyIn IndiaConsent to Act as ... Read more...