Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. ECU Ecu Summary of Ecu The European Monetary System is considered here.(Main Author: William J. Miller) ECU and International Trade Economy ECU (European Currency Unit) and Europe There is an entry on ecu (european currency unit) in the European legal encyclopedia. ECU and the [...]...
2. Private Investment Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance...
3. Private Insurance Law Spanish Translation of private insurance lawThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to private insurance law and / or a definition of this topic: Derecho del Seguro Privado (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry)....
4. Private Bank Hierarchical Display of Private bank Finance > Financial institutions and credit > Financial institution > Bank Private bank Concept of Private bank See the dictionary definition of Private bank. Characteristics of Private bank [rtbs name="xxx-xxx"] Resources Translation of Private bank [...]...
5. European Private Law Hierarchical Display of European private law Law > Sources and branches of the law > Legal science > Private lawLaw > Civil law > Civil law > Contract > Common Frame of Reference European private law Concept of European private law See the dictionary definition of European private law. [...]...
6. Private Stock Hierarchical Display of Private stock Trade > Distributive trades > Storage > Stock Private stock Concept of Private stock See the dictionary definition of Private stock. Characteristics of Private stock [rtbs name="xxx-xxx"] Resources Translation of Private stock Spanish: Stock privado [...]...
7. Private Education Resources See Also Legal Education Education Education Law Higher Education Vocational Training Training...
8. Private Limited Company Hierarchical Display of Private limited company Business And Competition > Legal form of organisations > Organisation > Firm governed by commercial law Private limited company Concept of Private limited company See the dictionary definition of Private limited company. Characteristics of [...]...
9. Tube Hierarchical Display of Tube European Union > European construction > EU relations > Materials technology > Non-flat productEuropean Union > European construction > EU relations > Mechanical equipment > Piping Concept of Tube See the dictionary definition of Tube. Characteristics of Tube [...]...
10. Private Media Hierarchical Display of Private media Education And Communications > Communications > Means of communication > Mass media Private media Concept of Private media See the dictionary definition of Private media. Characteristics of Private media [rtbs name="xxx-xxx"] Resources Translation of [...]...
11. Public-private Partnership Hierarchical Display of Public-private partnership Politics > Executive power and public service > Public administrationTrade > Trade policy > Public contractBusiness And Competition > Business classification > Type of business > Private sectorPolitics > Political framework > [...]...
12. Private Law Law Private LawIntroduction to Private LawPrivate law involves the various relationships that people have with one another and the rules that determine their legal rights and duties among themselves. The area is concerned with rules and principles pertaining to private ownership an......
13. Private Equity Hierarchical Display of Private equity Finance > Financial institutions and credit > Financial institution > Investment companyFinance > Free movement of capital > Free movement of capital > Capital movement > Venture capital Private equity Concept of Private equity See the dictionary [...]...
14. Piping Hierarchical Display of Piping European Union > European construction > EU relations > Mechanical equipmentEuropean Union > European construction > EU relations > Materials technology > Non-flat product > Tube Concept of Piping See the dictionary definition of Piping. Characteristics of [...]...
15. Price Formation Hierarchical Display of Price formation Finance > Prices > Prices policyTrade > Trade > Supply and demandFinance > Prices > Market pricesBusiness And Competition > Competition > Competition policy > Competition Price formation Concept of Price formation See the dictionary [...]...
16. Private International Law Scope International Law: Private ConcernsIntroduction to Private International Law ScopePrivate international law is concerned with various matters that are handled by a court of law in the following order. (1) The court must first decide whether or not it has jurisdiction in a case invo......
17. European Union and Private International Law This section contain conflict of laws information and cross references related to european union and private international law on some major countries and additional jurisdictions. It covers key issues involved when citizens face international situations. Information on private international [...]...
18. Private Military Security Companies Private Military Security Companies, Military Contractors, and Their Accountability in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): On November 17, 2011, John F. Sammis, U.S. Deputy Representative to ECOSOC, [...]...
19. Private Actions In the United States For information about Private actions in the context of international trade, click here...
20. Private Military Companies Private Military and Security Companies in 2013 United States views on international law [1] in relation to Private Military and Security Companies: On September 19, 2013, U.S. Ambassador to the UN in Geneva Betty King delivered remarks at the launch of the International Code of Conduct [...]...
21. Private International Law Branches of Private International Law Intellectual Property International commercial arbitration International Commercial Law International Contracts International Family Law International Law of Procedure See also: Hague Conference on Private [...]...
22. Private Bill A bill of exchange (read here for further details) drawn upon and accepted by a party other than a bank; trade acceptances, for example, are private bills.......
23. Private-placement Adoption Description of Private-placement Adoption In this reference work, private-placement adoption is a sort of the Family law category. Resources See Also Private Adoption Family law...
24. Private School From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Private School (1): A person may be punished under the statute for wilfully disturbing a private school kept in a district schoolhouse for instruction in the art of writing.708 Resources Notes and References Charles M. Scanlan, The [...]...
25. Private Adoption Description of Private Adoption In this reference work, private adoption is a sort of the Family law category. Resources See Also Agency Adoption Family law...
26. Private Financing Private Financing in Election Law Sums of money provided by private organisations or individuals to candidates or political parties to cover costs incurred by their political activities, such as an election campaign, in particular. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral [...]...
27. Freedom of Establishment/Persons (European Union) and Private International Law This section contain conflict of laws information and cross references related to freedom of establishment/persons (european union) and private international law on some major countries and additional jurisdictions. It covers key issues involved when citizens face international situations. [...]...
28. Private Health Insurance Private Health Insurance in Aging Law Concept of Private Health Insurance in the context of Community Health Care and Services for Older Persons, published by the World Health Organization (WHO):Privately organized health insurance that is based on estimation of probable population risks, and [...]...
29. Private Sector Private Sector in International Economic Law In international economic law, private sector includes the following legal areas, with coverage in this world legal encyclopedia: li> Corporations' Responsibility in International Law Corporate Codes of Conduct Role of Lobbies and Associations [...]...
30. Private Aid Resources See Also Further Reading Information related to private aid in the Max Planck Encyclopedia of International Law(MPEPIL), Germany, United Kingdom...
31. Afghanistan The Legal History of Islamic Law in Afghanistan This section provides an overview of Islamic Law in Afghanistan Prospects for Afghanistan and Pakistan and Foreign Policy Introduction Major internal conflict has plagued Afghanistan for four decades. The U.S., for its part, has conducted [...]...
32. Private Carriage Read Carrier as cross-reference......
33. Private Means of Transport Hierarchical Display of Private means of transport Transport > Organisation of transport > Organisation of transportIndustry > Miscellaneous industries > Miscellaneous industries > Service industry > Taxi Private means of transport Concept of Private means of transport See the dictionary [...]...
34. Private Agent Description of Private Agent Resources See Also Principal Agent...
35. Currency Option Currency Option in International Trade Meaning of Currency Option, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The contractually agreed right to buy (call option) or to sell (put option) a specific amount of foreign currency at a predetermined price on a specific [...]...
36. Private-sector Liquidity Hierarchical Display of Private-sector liquidity Finance > Monetary economics > Money market > Money supply Private-sector liquidity Concept of Private-sector liquidity See the dictionary definition of Private-sector liquidity. Characteristics of Private-sector liquidity [rtbs [...]...
37. Private Literature Review on Enterprise: Public versus Private In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Thomas S. Nesslein offers the following summary about the topic of Enterprise: Public versus Private: The entry summarizes a modern view of the desirable scope of [...]...
38. Private international law resources Contents Private International Law resources ConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these Entries Private International Law ... Read more...
39. Private Medical Treatment Hierarchical Display of Private medical treatment Social Questions > Health > Health policy > Health care system Private medical treatment Concept of Private medical treatment See the dictionary definition of Private medical treatment. Characteristics of Private medical treatment [rtbs [...]...
40. Private Equity Law Private Equity Law......
41. Private Investigation Law Private Investigation Law......
42. Private International Law Rules ContentsPrivate International Law RulesRules and Standards in Private International LawPrivate International Law web resourcesConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s ... Read more...
43. Sister Company Sister Company in International Trade Meaning of Sister Company, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A sister company is a company with close affiliations to another company with a separate name and personnel. Both companies are owned by the same parent and [...]...
44. WTO and Private International Law This section contain conflict of laws information and cross references related to wto and private international law on some major countries and additional jurisdictions. It covers key issues involved when citizens face international situations. Information on private international law cases [...]...
45. Private Export Funding Corporation A private corporation organized in 1970 for the purpose of providing medium- to long-term financing to foreign buyers of U.S. goods and services. PEFCO is owned by commercial banks and major industrial firms. Working capital is raised by issuance of commercial paper, guaranteed by the U.S. Export-Im......
46. Shell Company A "paper" company, usually operated without employees. Normally an attorney or other local agent or management company performs the legal duties of the company on behalf of the stockholders. Shell companies often operate in tax-free or low- tax jurisdictions such as Bermuda, Liechtenstein,......
47. Public–Private Partnerships Literature Review on Public–Private Partnerships: Economic Development In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Steven G. Koven and Stuart C. Strother provide the following summary about the topic of Public–Private Partnerships: Economic Development: A [...]...
48. Appeals By Private Individuals Hierarchical Display of Appeals by private individuals Law > Justice > Legal action > Appeal to the Court (EU) Appeals by private individuals Concept of Appeals by private individuals See the dictionary definition of Appeals by private individuals. Characteristics of Appeals by private [...]...
49. Currency Risk The economic risk assumed by a lender or seller who is to be paid in units of a foreign currency that, when translated at some future date into his own currency, he will have sustained a loss (in terms of his own currency) because the foreign currency has depreciated in value prior to settlement of ......
50. Private Insurance Resources See Also Social Protection Social Security Employment Affairs Welfare State...
51. Private Health Expenditure Resources See Also United Nations Human Development Health...
52. Bioethics and Private International Law This section contain conflict of laws information and cross references related to bioethics and private international law on some major countries and additional jurisdictions. It covers key issues involved when citizens face international situations. Information on private international law [...]...
53. Comparative Law and Private International Law This section contain conflict of laws information and cross references related to comparative law and private international law on some major countries and additional jurisdictions. It covers key issues involved when citizens face international situations. Information on private international [...]...
54. Constitutional Law and Private International Law This section contain conflict of laws information and cross references related to constitutional law and private international law on some major countries and additional jurisdictions. It covers key issues involved when citizens face international situations. Information on private [...]...
55. Foundations of Private International Law Foundations of Private International Law This section contain conflict of laws information and cross references related to foundations of private international law on some major countries and additional jurisdictions. It covers key issues involved when citizens face international situations. [...]...
56. History of Private International Law History of Private International Law This section contain conflict of laws information and cross references related to history of private international law on some major countries and additional jurisdictions. It covers key issues involved when citizens face international situations. [...]...
57. Methods of Private International Law This section contain conflict of laws information and cross references related to methods of private international law on some major countries and additional jurisdictions. It covers key issues involved when citizens face international situations. Information on private international law cases [...]...
58. Treaties in Private International Law This section contain conflict of laws information and cross references related to treaties in private international law on some major countries and additional jurisdictions. It covers key issues involved when citizens face international situations. Information on private international law [...]...
59. Globalization and Private International Law This section contain conflict of laws information and cross references related to globalization and private international law on some major countries and additional jurisdictions. It covers key issues involved when citizens face international situations. Information on private international [...]...
60. WIPO and Private International Law This section contain conflict of laws information and cross references related to wipo and private international law on some major countries and additional jurisdictions. It covers key issues involved when citizens face international situations. Information on private international law cases [...]...
61. Common Currency Common Currency and Europe There is an entry on common currency in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Common Currency" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney Leach (Profile [...]...
62. Single Currency Single Currency and Europe There is an entry on single currency in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Single Currency" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney Leach (Profile [...]...
63. Private Plot Cultivation Resources See Also Rural Development Rural Community Land Law Farm Agricultural Law Agriculture...
64. Private Pension Scheme Resources See Also Social Protection Social Security Employment Affairs Welfare State...
65. Private Pension Plan Resources See Also Social Protection Social Security Employment Affairs Welfare State Aged...
66. Public International Law and Private International Law This section contain conflict of laws information and cross references related to public international law and private international law on some major countries and additional jurisdictions. It covers key issues involved when citizens face international situations. Information on private [...]...
67. International Private Law Embracing mainstream international law, this section on international private law explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "international private law" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of [...]...
68. Private Employment Agency Resources See Also Occupation Profession Occupational Safety Occupational Health Employment...
69. Private Ownership Resources See Also Enterprise Joint Enterprise Joint Venture...
70. Health Expenditure, Private Private Health Expenditure (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Private Health Expenditure means: direct household (out of pocket) spending, private insurance, spending by nonprofit institutions serving households and direct service payments by private corporations. Together with [...]...
71. Economic Analysis and Private International Law This section contain conflict of laws information and cross references related to economic analysis and private international law on some major countries and additional jurisdictions. It covers key issues involved when citizens face international situations. Information on private [...]...
72. Game Theory and Private International Law This section contain conflict of laws information and cross references related to game theory and private international law on some major countries and additional jurisdictions. It covers key issues involved when citizens face international situations. Information on private international law [...]...
73. Human Rights and Private International Law This section contain conflict of laws information and cross references related to human rights and private international law on some major countries and additional jurisdictions. It covers key issues involved when citizens face international situations. Information on private international law [...]...
74. Social Protection and Private International Law This section contain conflict of laws information and cross references related to social protection and private international law on some major countries and additional jurisdictions. It covers key issues involved when citizens face international situations. Information on private [...]...
75. Uniform Substantive Law and Private International Law This section contain conflict of laws information and cross references related to uniform substantive law and private international law on some major countries and additional jurisdictions. It covers key issues involved when citizens face international situations. Information on private [...]...
76. Behavioural Economics and Private International Law This section contain conflict of laws information and cross references related to behavioural economics and private international law on some major countries and additional jurisdictions. It covers key issues involved when citizens face international situations. Information on private [...]...
77. Public versus Private Law ContentsPublic versus Private LawPublic LawPrivate LawIs there any real substance to this dichotomy?See Also Public versus Private Law Public law ... Read more...
78. Private Enterprise Resources See Also Enterprise Joint Enterprise Joint Venture...
79. Private Property Property Property and Political PhilosophiesIntroduction to Private PropertyThe concept of private property has been challenged by political philosophies such as communism and socialism. According to Communist doctrine, for example, ownership of real property and most personal prop......
80. Interest and Policy Analysis in Private International Law This section contain conflict of laws information and cross references related to interest and policy analysis in private international law on some major countries and additional jurisdictions. It covers key issues involved when citizens face international situations. Information on private [...]...
81. Commonwealth of Independent States and Private International Law This section contain conflict of laws information and cross references related to commonwealth of independent states and private international law on some major countries and additional jurisdictions. It covers key issues involved when citizens face international situations. Information on [...]...
82. Stimulating the Private Sector This section provides an overview of stimulating the private sector within the legal context of Combating Poverty in international economic law (Cross-Cutting Challenges). Resources Further Reading Philippe Aerni, "Stimulating the Private Sector," Elgar Encyclopedia of International [...]...
83. Going Private Resources See Also Leveraged buyout...
84. Proxy Server ContentsProxy ServerProxy Server in the E-Commerce LawResourcesSee AlsoBiography Proxy Server Proxy Server in the E-Commerce Law A proxy server, also ... Read more...
85. Unitary Intellectual Property Rights and Private International Law This section contain conflict of laws information and cross references related to unitary intellectual property rights and private international law on some major countries and additional jurisdictions. It covers key issues involved when citizens face international situations. Information on [...]...
86. Gross Private Domestic Investment The aggregate value, expressed in monetary terms, of private expenditures, for capital goods (e.g.. physical plant, equipment) adjusted by the inventory investment (the sum of the increase or decrease of merchandise in inventory during a given time period, usually one year). ......
87. Consent to Act as Director Sample ContentsConsent to Act as Director SampleConsent letter of director to act as director of the CompanyIn IndiaConsent to Act as ... Read more...
88. Test Tube Fertilisation Hierarchical Display of Test tube fertilisation Social Questions > Family > Artificial reproduction Test tube fertilisation Concept of Test tube fertilisation See the dictionary definition of Test tube fertilisation. Characteristics of Test tube fertilisation [rtbs name="xxx-xxx"] [...]...
89. Export Companies In the United States For information about Export Companies in the context of international trade, click here...
90. Public Private Mix Resources See Also Social Protection Social Security Employment Affairs Welfare State...
91. Patent Insurance Spanish Translation of patent insuranceThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to patent insurance and / or a definition of this topic: Seguro de Patentes (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry)....
92. Breach Date A doctrine in law that holds that, in disputes involving sums denominated in a foreign currency, a court shall require settlement in local currency at the rate of exchange in effect at the time the contract was abrogated.......
93. Public Private Partnerships Resources See Also Social Protection Social Security Employment Affairs Welfare State...
94. Money and Currency Money and Currency in Private International Law This section contain conflict of laws information and cross references related to money and currency on some major countries and additional jurisdictions. It covers key issues involved when citizens face international situations. Information on [...]...
95. Hague Conference on Private International Law Hague Conference on Private International Law see Hague Conference on Private International Law Conventions With 72 Members (71 States and the European Union) representing all continents, the Hague Conference on Private International Law is a global inter-governmental organisation. A melting [...]...
96. Prices Policy Hierarchical Display of Prices policy Finance > PricesEconomics > Economic policy > Economic policyEconomics > Economic policy > Economic policy > Deregulation Prices policy Concept of Prices policy See the dictionary definition of Prices policy. Characteristics of Prices policy [rtbs [...]...
97. International Institute For The Unification Of Private Law International Institute for the Unification of Private Law OutlineUNIDROIT is an independent governmental body created for the purpose of promoting the unification of substantive private law. It was initially established by Italy and open to the countries of the world to join under an agree......
98. Companies Companies in Private International Law This section contain conflict of laws information and cross references related to companies on some major countries and additional jurisdictions. It covers key issues involved when citizens face international situations. Information on private [...]...
99. Purchasing Power Parity An equal relationship of prices between two countries. Price levels in both countries are substantially the same, considering the rate of exchange.......
100. Hague Conferences On Private International Law Hague Conferences on Private International Law OutlineThe word 'conference' here refers to an intergovernmental organization established under the Statute of the Hague Conference on Private International Law of 1951, which came into force in 1955. Prior to 1951, there had been six c......
101. Convertible virtual currency ContentsConvertible (or open) virtual currencyResourcesSee AlsoBiography Convertible (or open) virtual currency Convertible (or open) virtual currency may be either centralized ... Read more...
102. European Currency Unit Summary of European Currency Unit The European Monetary System is considered here.(Main Author: William J. Miller) European Currency Unit and the European Union Resources See Also ECU...
103. Market Prices Hierarchical Display of Market prices Finance > PricesIndustry > Industrial structures and policy > Industrial policy > Industrial price > Delivered priceIndustry > Industrial structures and policy > Industrial policy > Industrial priceFinance > Prices > Prices policy > Price [...]...
104. Currency Convertible In Fact A national currency that can be used for the settlement of private transactions, as contrasted with an artificial CURRENCY UNIT (read this legal term for further details), such as special drawing rights, which are used only by governments for t......
105. Overseas Private Investment Corporation An independent agency of the U.S. government formed in 1971 to stimulate private investment in overseas projects, usually in developing countries. In furthering this objective, OPIC provides: (1) cost assistance, up to 75 percent, in the establishment of the foreign venture; (2) direct loans [...]...
106. European Currency Hierarchical Display of European currency Law > International law > Public international law > European currency Concept of European currency See the dictionary definition of European currency. Characteristics of European currency [rtbs name="xxx-xxx"] Resources Translation of European [...]...
107. European Currency Unit (ECU) European Currency Unit (ECU) and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of European Currency Unit (ECU): A unit of value based on a "currency basket" comprising specific amounts of the [...]...
108. Price Cartel An agreement among business entities to fix prices, to establish ranges within which prices may move, or to establish methods by which prices may be determined.......
109. Parent Company Parent Company in International Trade Meaning of Parent Company, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A parent company, sometimes called a holding company, is a corporation that has subsidiaries which are wholly or partially-owned separate businesses [...]...
110. Exchanger Exchanger ContentsExchanger in the E-Commerce LawResourcesSee AlsoBiography Exchanger in the E-Commerce Law An exchanger (also sometimes called a virtual currency ... Read more...
111. Currency Future Currency Future in International Trade Meaning of Currency Future, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A contract for the future delivery of a commodity, currency, or security on a specific date. In contrast to forward contracts, future contracts are for [...]...
112. Transnational Groups of Companies Transnational Groups of Companies in Private International Law This section contain conflict of laws information and cross references related to transnational groups of companies on some major countries and additional jurisdictions. It covers key issues involved when citizens face [...]...
113. Principles of Company Law Principles of Company Law Contents of Principles of Company Law Contents of this subject matter include:Contextual and theoretical perspectives Partnerships and other business structures The nature of companies registered under the corporation legislation Corporate personality Corporate [...]...
114. Closed Virtual Currency ContentsClosed Virtual CurrencyClosed Virtual Currency in the E-Commerce LawResourcesSee AlsoBiography Closed Virtual Currency Closed Virtual Currency in the E-Commerce Law ... Read more...
115. Headquarters Company A company organized in a foreign country for the purpose of providing administrative support to affiliate companies. It does not normally take title to products or provide financing.......
116. Agency And Private-Placement Adoptions Agency and Private-Placement AdoptionsAdoptions by people who are not related to the child are more complicated. In the United States, people may seek to adopt through an agency or arrange an independent, or private-placement, adoption. In an agency adoption, the people who wish to adopt a ......
117. Agricultural Product Hierarchical Display of Agricultural product Agriculture, Forestry And Fisheries > Agricultural activityTrade > Trade > Supply > Self-supply > Self-sufficiency rateFinance > Prices > Market prices > Price of agricultural produceAgriculture, Forestry And Fisheries > Agricultural [...]...
118. Bank Holding Companies In the United States For information about bank holding companies in the context of international trade, click here...
119. Company Profiles Company Profiles Materials America’s Corporate Finance Directory B2B Live from 1Stop Data Belgian Company Information Bürgel-Firmenprofile Business Monitor International Company ... Read more...
120. Forward Exchange Contract An agreement to exchange, at a specified future date, a fixed number of units of one currency for a fixed number of units of another currency. Such contracts are often procured by merchants when they must settle future accounts in a foreign currency and wish to protect against possible losses [...]...