Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. Patent Fraud In the United States For information about Patent Fraud in the context of international trade, click here...
2. Patent Misuse In the United States For information about Patent misuse in the context of international trade, click here...
3. Patent Insurance Spanish Translation of patent insuranceThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to patent insurance and / or a definition of this topic: Seguro de Patentes (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry)....
4. Royalties In the United States For information about Royalties in the context of international trade, click here Royalties and the Laws of International Trade Royalties Intellectual Property and Competition Law Royalties in International Trade Meaning of Royalties, according to the Dictionary of [...]...
5. Compulsory Licensing Compulsory Licensing and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Compulsory Licensing: A term used in the context of intellectual property rights, primarily with regard to [...]...
6. Court Rules Court Rules Worldwide International Trade / Internet Rules Court of International Trade ICANN: Domain Name Dispute Resolution Rules United States International Trade Commission Patent Law Rules European Patent Convention Patent: Gulf Co-operation Council Patent: OAPI (African IP Union) [...]...
7. Intellectual Property Lawsuits ContentsIntellectual Property Rights ClaimsIntellectual Property Lawsuits and Internet CompaniesNotesSee Also Intellectual Property Rights Claims Intellectual Property Lawsuits and Internet Companies ... Read more...
8. International Patent Law Patent International patent lawIntroduction to International patent lawThe first treaty to deal with international patent law was the Paris Convention of 1883, which was originally adopted by 20 countries from around the world and has since been adopted by most others. In addition,......
9. Patent Summary of Patent A grant issued by a governmental authority to an inventor permitting, for a fixed number of years, an exclusive right to the invention. The grant includes the prerogative of preventing others from making, using, or selling the invention covered. Through various [...]...
10. European Patent Convention European Patent Convention (EPC) in E.U. Patent System Nineteen European countries are parties to the European Patent Convention. A patent application filed under this convention will, when granted, usually automatically be effective in each of the countries designated by the applicant. [...]...
11. Grant Grant in E.U. Patent System A temporary right given by a patent office for a specified period, to prevent anyone else from using the technology defined in the claims of a patent. Grant Land grant For additional information related to the definition of Land grant in connection to Grant, please [...]...
12. Intellectual Property Protection Intellectual Property Protection in International Economic Law In international economic law, intellectual property protection includes the following legal areas, with coverage in this world legal encyclopedia: li> Goals, Principles and Minimum Standards of Protection of Intellectual Property [...]...
13. Customs Border Protection In the United States For information about Customs Border Protection in the context of international trade, click here...
14. Politics Politics Politics From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Politics (1): A minister who had been expelled by his congregation for voting the Democratic ticket, had some of the members of the church arrested under the election laws for intimidating a voter. The court held that [...]...
15. Intellectual Property Disputes The Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights and the World Trade Organization The Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights in relation to the World Trade Organization (WTO) covers several issues....
16. Protection of Property The Protection of Property This section provides an overview of the protection of property within the legal context of The Protection of Property in international economic law (Main Regulatory Areas)....
17. Inernational Protection of Property The Protection of Property in International Economic Law In international economic law, the protection of property includes the following legal areas, with coverage in this world legal encyclopedia: li>Investment Protection Intellectual Property Protection Property Rights...
18. Customs Border Protection Enforcement In the United States For information about Customs Border Protection Enforcement in the context of international trade, click here...
19. Trade Competition Patent, copyright, and trademark laws ...
20. International Patent Classification Agreement A system for the classification of patents, created to promote uniformity in classifying technological innovations. The International Patent Classification System segments technology into eight categories, with a total of 52,000 subdivisions, each of which consists of Roman letters and Arabic numer......
21. Patent Law Treaty U.S. Joins Patent Law Treaty as a Contracting Party in 2013 United States views on international law [1] in relation to U.S. Joins Patent Law Treaty as a Contracting Party: On September 18, 2013, U.S. Ambassador to the UN in Geneva Betty King deposited the U.S. instrument of ratification [...]...
22. United International Bureaux for the Protection of Industrial, Literary, and Artistic Property and for the Protection of Intellectual Property Embracing mainstream international law, this section on united international bureaux for the protection of industrial, literary, and artistic property and for the protection of intellectual property explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further [...]...
23. European Patent Organization The European Patent Organization (EPO) This section provides an overview of the european patent organization (epo) within the legal context of Intellectual Property Institutions in international economic law, with coverage of Architecture. Resources Further Reading Felix Addor, "The [...]...
24. Wipo Wipo Wipo in International Trade Meaning of Wipo, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The World Intellectual Property Organization is specialized agency of the United Nations system that seeks to promote international cooperation in the protection of [...]...
25. Privatization Privatization (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Privatization means: the process of denationalization the means of production, or a lawful transferring of property from state ownership to non-state. In broad terms, it stands for the realization of complex legal and institutional [...]...
26. Public Service Literature Review on Public Service In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Richard A. Loverd offers the following summary about the topic of Public Service: Public service can be analyzed as a place of employment or an attitude. While the challenges are great, [...]...
27. Pipeline Protection Pipeline Protection and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Pipeline Protection: In international negotiations on protection of intellectual property rights, refers to the [...]...
28. Intellectual Property Practice Preparing for Intellectual Property Practice Contents of Preparing for Intellectual Property Practice Contents of this subject matter include:Topic 2: Legal Method/Statutory InterpretationCourts & Tribunals Appeal & Review Procedures Administrative law & tribunals Remedies Statutory [...]...
29. Political Question Doctrine In the United States For information about Political question doctrine in the context of international trade, click here Alaska v. Kerry: Act of State and Political Question Doctrines in 2013 United States views on international law [1] in relation to Alaska v. Kerry: Act of State and [...]...
30. Internet Intellectual Property Misappropriation in Cyberlaw Misappropriation of Trade Secrets in Cyberspace Employer Rights in Cyberlaw Employer Rights in the Creation and Protection of Internet-Related Intellectual Property Publicity Rights in Cyberlaw Privacy and Publicity Rights of Celebrities and Others in Cyberspace [...]...
31. Export Companies In the United States For information about Export Companies in the context of international trade, click here...
32. Intellectual Property Policy Intellectual Property Law and Policy Contents of Intellectual Property Law and Policy Contents of this subject matter include: (Copyright Law – introduction, subsistence and exclusive rights; Copyright law – balancing the interests, dealing with copyright) Patents and Biotechnology [...]...
33. European Company European Company and Europe There is an entry on european company in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "European Company" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney Leach (Profile [...]...
34. Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights In the United States For information about Enforcement of intellectual property rights in the context of international trade, click here...
35. Principles of Protection of Intellectual Property Rights Goals, Principles and Minimum Standards of Protection of Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) This section provides an overview of goals, principles and minimum standards of protection of intellectual property rights (iprs) within the legal context of Intellectual Property Protection in [...]...
36. Patent Law Infringement Patent U.S. Patent Law InfringementIntroduction to Patent Law InfringementAnyone who makes, uses, offers to sell, sells, or imports a patented invention without the permission of the patent holder is guilty of infringement. A party can be guilty of infringement even if his or her d......
37. Private Law Law Private LawIntroduction to Private LawPrivate law involves the various relationships that people have with one another and the rules that determine their legal rights and duties among themselves. The area is concerned with rules and principles pertaining to private ownership an......
38. Patent Search Search Report in E.U. Patent SystemA list of published items (both patent and non-patent literature), issued by the patent examiners checking the novelty of the patent application, which are relevant to the subject of the invention....
39. Unfair Competition Unfair Competition and International Trade California's Unfair Competition Law and the Electronic Commerce California's Unfair Competition Law in the Online Business Law New York Unfair Competition Law and the Electronic Commerce New York Unfair Competition Law in the Online Business [...]...
40. Patent Cooperation Treaty; with Regulations ContentsPatent Cooperation Treaty; with RegulationsConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these Entries Patent Cooperation Treaty; with ... Read more...
41. Patent Family Patent Family in E.U. Patent SystemAll the equivalent patent applications corresponding to a single invention, covering different geographical regions....
42. Political Rights International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (iccpr) in Election Law The ICCPR builds on the right to political participation by further detailing the requirements associated with elections that are a key part of this right. Article 25 of the ICCPR has been referred to as 'the [...]...
43. Intellectual Property Institutions Intellectual Property Institutions in International Economic Law In international economic law, intellectual property institutions includes the following legal areas, with coverage in this world legal encyclopedia: li>World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) The European Patent [...]...
44. Intellectual Property History Intellectual Property: History of Intellectual Property LawIntroduction to Intellectual Property HistorySome forms of intellectual property, such as trademarks, date to ancient times. But comprehensive legal protection for intellectual property did not become common until the 18th ......
45. Affiliate Company Definition of Affiliate Company in International Trade The following is a concept of Affiliate Company in the context of international trade law, from the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A Company that is less than 50% owned by a parent company; the parents acts as [...]...
46. Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Protection Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Protection (TRIPs) and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Protection (TRIPs): [...]...
47. Bureaucracy Perspectives Literature Review on Bureaucracy Perspectives In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Larkin S. Dudley offers the following summary about the topic of Bureaucracy Perspectives: To introduce some of the bureaucratic literature pertinent to public administration, [...]...
48. Right to Intellectual Property In relation to the right to intellectual property and constitutional law, ES Nwauche[1] made the following observation: The right to intellectual property is the protection offered by national, regional and international legal orders to intellectual property as a human right. Even though [...]...
49. World Intellectual Property Organization Summary of World Intellectual Property Organization A specialized agency of the United Nations charged with fostering international agreements to protect rights to intellectual property, with the object of facilitating international technology transfer. WIPO serves as the nucleus for new [...]...
50. Freedom of Association Freedom of Association in Constitutional Law From the Comparative Constitutions Project: Freedom of association is the right to meet and interact freely, without the interference of the state or others. This is slightly different than freedom of assembly, because assembly refers to the ability [...]...
51. Disclosure Introduction to DisclosureDisclosure, act of revealing information that is secret or would normally be confidential." (1)ResourcesNotes and ReferencesInformation about "https://lawin.org/encarta-encyclopedia/" title="Microsoft Encarta Online ......
52. Property Types Property Types of PropertyIntroduction to Property TypesThe two kinds of property are real and personal. Real property, according to English legal tradition, is the land and anything firmly attached to it, such as buildings and the permanent fixtures of those buildings, and the min......
53. Assignee Spanish Translation of assignee This is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to assignee and / or a definition of this topic: Causa Habiente (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry). Assignee in E.U. Patent System The person(s) or corporate body to whom all [...]...
54. Joint Ventures In the United States For information about Joint ventures in the context of international trade, click here Literature Review on Joint Ventures In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Christopher Hawkins offers the following summary about the topic of Joint [...]...
55. Licensing of Intellectual Property In the United States For information about Licensing of Intellectual Property in the context of international trade, click here...
56. Border Protection Customs Border Protection ...
57. Internet Patent Intellectual Property in the Context of Internet Law Read, in this legal Encyclopedia, about the topic of this section, and, specially, about Internet Patents...
58. Political Markets Literature Review on (Contracting) Political Markets In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Rizalino B. Cruz offers the following summary about the topic of (Contracting) Political Markets: This entry provides an overview of political markets as a framework for [...]...
59. Public–Private Partnerships Literature Review on Public–Private Partnerships: Economic Development In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Steven G. Koven and Stuart C. Strother provide the following summary about the topic of Public–Private Partnerships: Economic Development: A [...]...
60. Coverage in Investment Protection This section provides an overview of coverage in investment protection within the legal context of Investment Protection in international economic law, with coverage of The Protection of Property (Main Regulatory Areas). Resources Further Reading Andrew Mitchell and Jacky Mandelbaum, [...]...
61. Private Aid Resources See Also Further Reading Information related to private aid in the Max Planck Encyclopedia of International Law(MPEPIL), Germany, United Kingdom...
62. Designated State A nation from which an inventor seeks patent protection under the patent Cooperation Treaty (read this and related legal terms for further details)......
63. Paris Convention Known formally as the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property, an international agreement formulated to protect rights to industrial property including inventions, trademarks, service marks, trade names, and appellations of origin. The substantive provisions of the convention [...]...
64. Public Administration Political Science: Fields in Political Science: Public Administration Introduction to Public Administration Political scientists interested in public administration study government organizations and their relation to other parts of government. Political scientists investigate how these [...]...
65. TRIPs TRIPS and International Trade Embracing mainstream international law, this section on trips explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. TRIPS in Private International Law This section contain conflict of laws information and cross references related to trips [...]...
66. Private Actions In the United States For information about Private actions in the context of international trade, click here...
67. Holding Company Holding Company in International Trade Meaning of Holding Company, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Holding companies are corporations that are created for the sole purpose of obtaining and managing a controlling interest in other companies. There are [...]...
68. Idea Protection Intellectual Property in the Context of Internet Law Read, in this legal Encyclopedia, about the topic of this section, and, specially, about Idea Protection and Misappropriation...
69. Import Import in International Trade Meaning of Import, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): 1. To receive goods and services from abroad. 2. An imported item. Cultural Property: Import Restrictions In relation to the international law practice and cultural [...]...
70. Protection of Migrants Protection of Migrants in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): On November 15, 2011, the United States joined consensus when the Third Committee adopted a resolution on the protection of migrants. After [...]...
71. Public Debt Other Private Flows (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Other Private Flows means: _ category combining non-debtcreating portfolio equity investment flows (the sum of country funds, depository receipts and direct purchases of shares by foreign investors), portfolio debt flows [...]...
72. Military Privatization Literature Review on Military Management: Privatization In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Lindy Heinecken offers the following summary about the topic of Military Management: Privatization: Much has been written on the economic, legal, and political impact [...]...
73. Property Rights Spanish Translation of property rights This is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to property rights and / or a definition of this topic: Derecho Real (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry). Property Rights and the Environment Contents of Property [...]...
74. Intellectual Property Rights Introduction Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) protection is one of the most important and current legal issues in the international trade arena. As international trade and investment increases around the world, copyrights, trademarks, patents and trade secrets need to be subjects of a [...]...
75. Export Trade Certificates In the United States For information about Export trade certificates in the context of international trade, click here...
76. Technology Law Technology Law in Electronic Commerce Technology Law in the Online Business Law Most Popular Entries related to Technology Law Technology Law (in the World) Information Technology Law (in the World) Technology Law Degree (in the World) Technology Lawyer (in the World) Technology Law [...]...
77. Public Relations in Public Administration Literature Review on Public Relations in Public Administration In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Mordecai Lee offers the following summary about the topic of Public Relations in Public Administration: By its very nature, public administration is a public [...]...
78. Regulatory Barriers to Trade Regulatory Barriers to Trade: Private Standards This section provides an overview of regulatory barriers to trade: private standards within the legal context of Harmonization, Equivalence and Mutual Recognition in international economic law, with coverage of Domestic Regulation (Behind the [...]...
79. Property and Proprietary Rights Property and Proprietary Rights in Private International Law This section contain conflict of laws information and cross references related to property and proprietary rights on some major countries and additional jurisdictions. It covers key issues involved when citizens face international [...]...
80. Trade and Commercial Relations conventions ContentsTrade and Commercial Relations international conventionsTrade and Commercial Relations multilateral conventionsConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in ... Read more...
81. European Patent System A series of agreements among European states, the object of which is harmonized patent laws and regulations. The system includes the following agreements: European Patent Convention, also known as the Munich Patent Convention, and the Convention on Granting of European Patents, provides patent prot......
82. Real Property Holding Company A foreign corporation (i.e., not chartered in the United States) in which a Domestic International Sales Corporation (read this and related legal terms for further details), or DISC, controls more than 50 percent of the ......
83. Price Restrictions In the United States For information about Price restrictions in the context of international trade, click here...
84. Parent Company Parent Company in International Trade Meaning of Parent Company, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A parent company, sometimes called a holding company, is a corporation that has subsidiaries which are wholly or partially-owned separate businesses [...]...
85. Property Law Comparative Property Law Property Law in Civilian Systems and in the Common Law: A Traditional Static Comparative Analysis Civil Law Common Law Common Elements: Transparency Requirements, Transfer Systems An Example of a Static Comparison: The [...]...
86. Comparative Law Contents ContentsComparative Law ContentsIntroduction to Comparative LawUses of Comparative LawAreas of Comparative LawComparison between Legal SystemsThe Most Important Legal SystemsEnglish LawUnited ... Read more...
87. Delivery Summary of Delivery The act whereby the owner of a vessel gives operational control over to the charterer.(Main Author: William J. Miller) In the United States For information about Delivery in the context of international trade, click here Delivery in International Trade Meaning [...]...
88. License Introduction to LicenseLicense, a permit granting permission to engage in an activity that would otherwise be illegal. The main purpose of a license is to protect the public interest. A license issued by a government agency is required in order to pursue certain occupations, run certain bus......
89. Patent License Spanish Translation of patent licenseThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to patent license and / or a definition of this topic: Licencia de Patente (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry)....
90. Pending Pending in E.U. Patent SystemThe period in which the patent office has not yet decided whether to reject or to grant a patent application, and it has not yet been withdrawn....
91. Center for the Study of Public Choice Center for the Study of Public Choice in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Center for the Study of Public Choice: A nonprofit organization to promote research in public choice, an [...]...
92. Species Protection Literature Review on (Environmental Policy) Land Management and Species Protection In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Bradley Johnson offers the following summary about the topic of (Environmental Policy) Land Management and Species Protection: Species [...]...
93. World Trade Organization Functions World Trade Organization In relation to the international law practice and world trade organization in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: Trade, Commercial Relations, Investment, and Transportation About this subject:WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement [...]...
94. Protection of Cultural Objects Protection of Cultural Objects in Private International Law This section contain conflict of laws information and cross references related to protection of cultural objects on some major countries and additional jurisdictions. It covers key issues involved when citizens face international [...]...
95. Intellectual Property Regulation ContentsIntellectual Property RegulationPre-TRIPsPost-TRIPsResourcesSee AlsoFurther Reading Intellectual Property Regulation Pre-TRIPs Prior to the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights Agreement, intellectual ... Read more...
96. Antitrust Summary of Antitrust Legislation or public policies opposed to the monopolization or domination of a particular product or industry by one firm or a group of firms acting in concert. The object of antitrust laws is to preserve market competition. In the United States violation of the [...]...
97. Patent Cooperation Treaty An international agreement which permits nationals and residents of any adhering state to seek patent protection in any or all of the adhering states by means of a single patent application. The applicant files his application with the national patent office of the country of which he is a [...]...
98. Public Company Spanish Translation of public companyThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to public company and / or a definition of this topic: Empresa Pública (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry)....
99. Applicant Applicant in E.U. Patent System The person or corporate body that applies for the patent and intends to 'work' the invention (to manufacture or license the technology). Under US law the applicants must be the inventor(s) except under exceptional circumstances. Definition of Applicant [...]...
100. Patent Application Auslegeschrift in E.U. Patent SystemAn examined German patent application (second publication) now eliminated (see Offenlegungsschrift and Patentschrift)....
101. Unemployment Unemployment (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Unemployment means: refers to all people above a specified age who are not in paid employment or self-employed, but are available for work and have taken specific steps to seek paid employment or self-employment. Long-term [...]...
102. Private Literature Review on Enterprise: Public versus Private In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Thomas S. Nesslein offers the following summary about the topic of Enterprise: Public versus Private: The entry summarizes a modern view of the desirable scope of [...]...
103. Public Policy Discourse Literature Review on (Ethics) Biomedical and Public Policy Discourse In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] John Abbott Worthley offers the following summary about the topic of (Ethics) Biomedical and Public Policy Discourse: What is the nature of public [...]...
104. Protection of Marine Environment Protection of Marine Environment and Marine Conservation In relation to the international law practice and protection of marine environment and marine conservation in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: Environment and Other Transnational Scientific Issues About [...]...
105. Protection of Marine Conservation Protection of Marine Environment and Marine Conservation In relation to the international law practice and protection of marine environment and marine conservation in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: Environment and Other Transnational Scientific Issues About [...]...
106. Anti-Trust Rules This section provides an overview of anti-trust rules within the legal context of Competition Law and Policy in international economic law (Main Regulatory Areas). Relation of IPRs to Trade, Investment and Anti-Trust Rules This section provides an overview of relation of iprs to trade, [...]...
107. Law professor, Grand National Assembly, Insurance 251. Law professor (uk) 252. Grand National Assembly (tr) 253. Education insurance 254. Lower Saxony 255. Constitutional law (tr) 256. ... Read more...
108. Expropriation Expropriation Definition Expropriation is the forced assumption of ownership of private property by a government, often without fair compensation. Nationalization is expropriation by a national government. Meanings For information on: * history of expropriation, see Nationalization * [...]...
109. Bad Faith Enforcement In the United States For information about Bad faith enforcement in the context of international trade, click here...
110. Banking Institutions In the United States For information about Banking institutions in the context of international trade, click here...
111. Unidroit Unidroit Unidroit in International Trade Meaning of Unidroit, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The Institute for the Unification of Private Law is an international governmental organization headquartered in Rome whose tasks are to study needs and [...]...
112. World Economic Forum World Economic Forum in International Trade Meaning of World Economic Forum, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): International institution established in 1971 in Geneva, Switzerland, committed to improving the state of the world through public-private [...]...
113. Commercial Relations Cross References of Trade, Commercial Relations, Investment, Transportation in International Law Counternarcotics majors list, information on International Criminal Law in this legal Encyclopedia.B.2.a. Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement, information on Treaty Affairs in this legal [...]...
114. World Trade Organisation World Trade Organisation (wto) and Europe There is an entry on world trade organisation (wto) in the European legal encyclopedia. World Trade Organisation and the European Union Resources See Also WTO Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "World Trade Organisation (wto)" in the [...]...
115. Public Policy (Ordre Public) Public Policy (Ordre Public) in Private International Law This section contain conflict of laws information and cross references related to public policy (ordre public) on some major countries and additional jurisdictions. It covers key issues involved when citizens face international [...]...
116. Political Science Fields Political Science: Fields in Political Science:Introduction to Political Science FieldsPolitical science is organized into several fields, each representing a major subject area of teaching and research in colleges and universities. These fields include comparative politics, Americ......
117. Political Committee Political Committee and Europe There is an entry on political committee in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Political Committee" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney Leach [...]...
118. Pharmaceuticals Resources See Also Chemical Armament...
119. Physical Distribution A branch of business management concerned with past product logistics, i.e., those functions that relate to the movement of goods from one place to another. Among those areas generally ascribed to physical distribution are transportation, material handling, warehousing, inventory control, packaging,......
120. Physical Inventory An actual count of inventory merchandise that is subsequently reconciled with the books inventory, i.e., the asset value shown on the books of the firm. Physical inventories are normally taken periodically as a routine part of a firm's audit procedure.......