Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. Compensatory Tax A special import levy imposed by the European Economic Community upon certain agricultural imports when the entry price of such products falls below a reference, or minimum target, price and the import is priced so as to reflect an export subsidy. Compensatory taxes are institutionalized in the [...]...
2. Restitutions Export and producer subsidies granted by the European Economic Community to EEC farmers and processors. The subsidies are a feature of the Common Agricultural Policy (read this and related legal terms for further details......
3. Common Pricing A feature of the COMMON AGRICULTURAL policy (read this and related legal terms for further details) of the European Economic Community.......
4. Green Rate A special rate of exchange used in converting agricultural prices fixed in units of account into national currencies, within the framework of the Common Agricultural Policy (read this and related legal terms for further deta......
5. Supplementary Levy An additional tax that may be imposed upon imports of pork, poultry, or eggs into the European Economic Community when the purchase price of such items falls below the Gate Price ("https://lawin.org/list-of-international-trade-law-terms/">read this and related legal terms for [...]...
6. Single Market Summary of Single Market A component feature of the Common Agricultural policy (read this and related legal terms for further details) of the European Economic Community.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Single Market and Europe There is an entry on single market in the European [...]...
7. Common Financing A feature of the Common Agricultural Policy (read this and related legal terms for further details) of the European Economic Community.......
8. Buyer's Premium A subsidy offered by a member state of the European Economic Community to domestic tobacco processors to encourage the use of EEC, rather than imported, tobaccos. The program, which is a feature of the common AGRICULTURAL POLICY (...
9. Community Preference Summary of Community Preference A component principle of the Common Agricultural Policy (read this and related legal terms for further details) of the European Economic Community.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Community Preference and Europe There is an entry on community [...]...
10. Financial Solidarity A component principle of the Common Agricultural Policy (read this and related legal terms for further details) of the European Economic Community.......
11. Variable Import Levy A duty applicable to imports of certain significant agricultural commodities into the European Economic Community. The Common Agricultural Policy (read this and related legal terms for further details). of the EEC specif......
12. Additional Product Aid A feature of the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Economic Community, which provides price supports to EEC producers affected by import competition. The "community preference" mechanism of the CAP eliminates external competition for most items but does not respond for certain pro......
13. Chicken War A protracted dispute between the United States and the European Economic Community arising from the adoption of Europe's COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY (read this and related legal terms for further details) on chicken i......
14. Monetary Compensatory Amounts Settlements between member states of the European Economic Community to reflect the market rate of currencies used in agricultural transactions and the periodically revised Green Rate (read this and related legal terms for f......
15. European Economic Community Summary of European Economic Community One of the three components of the European Communities. In March 1957, the members of the European Coal and Steel Community (France, Federal Republic of Germany, Italy, and the Benelux countries) expanded the sphere of economic cooperation through the [...]...
16. Werner Report A report on the subject of European integration, prepared by a committee under the leadership of Pierre Werner, prime minister of Luxembourg. The report, published in October 1970, urged full economic and monetary union within the European Economic Community as "a catalyst for the development o......
17. Dillon Round A series of multinational trade discussions conducted during 1960-1962 under the sponsorship of the general agreement of tariffs and Trade (read this and related legal terms for further details). The principal result of ......
18. European Community European Community (EC) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of European Community (EC): (Previously known as the European Economic Community, or EEC; the term "European Communities" [...]...
19. Snake A medium for the stabilization of the exchange rates of European currencies. In October 1970 the Werner Plan addressed the adoption of a common European currency as a vehicle for the full economic and political integration of Europe. The demise of the bretton woods agreement (...
20. European Common Market European Common MarketCross-reference: European Economic Community and European Union.......
21. Economic Union Summary of Economic Union Also known as an economic community, an advanced form of economic integration on the part of several states. The economic union incorporates the features of a Common market (read this and related legal terms for further details)—unrestricted free trade among [...]...
22. Sale At Less Than Fair Value The sale of merchandise to a foreign purchaser at a price below the price that would be charged for a like sale in the home market. Such sales may serve as the basis for an allegation of Dumping (read this and related legal ......
23. Agricultural Policy Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) and Europe There is an entry on common agricultural policy (cap) in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Government Government Contract Local Government Public Administration Administrative Law Public Law Resources See Also Further Reading [...]...
24. East- West Trade A general reference to trade between the industrial nations of the West, particularly those nations that are members of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development ("https://lawin.org/list-of-international-trade-law-terms/">read this and related legal terms for [...]...
25. Free Market The economic system of a nation in which market forces determine which goods and services are produced, and at what price they are offered. Free market economies do not contain substantial government controls on resource availability, price levels, or central planning of economic objectives.......
26. Common External Tariff Summary of Common External Tariff The uniform customs tariff applied by all the member states of a customs union or common market to imports from nonmember nations.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Common External Tariff and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT [...]...
27. First Englargement The addition of Great Britain, Ireland, and Denmark in 1972 to the original six members (France, Federal Republic of Germany, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg) of the European Economic Community (read this and related......
28. Trade Agreements Act Of 1962 An act that authorized the president, during the period of July 1, 1962, through June 30, 1967, to reduce or eliminate certain tariffs in return for similar concessions on the part of other trading nations. The act was largely in response to the elimination of internal duties by members of the Europ......
29. Schuman Plan Summary of Schuman Plan A series of proposals for the pooling of European coal and steel resources as a vehicle for European economic recovery and integration, advanced by Robert Schuman of France in 1950. Schuman's plan was accepted by the governments of Belgium, Luxembourg, the [...]...
30. Ocean Freight Differential A sum rep resenting the difference in freight costs associated with moving subsidized agricultural exports on American rather than cheaper foreign vessels. The differential is provided for shipments under the Agricultural Trade Development And Assistance Act (...
31. Caricom Caricom Caricom in International Trade Meaning of Caricom, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The Caribbean Community Market (CARICOM) is an organization of 15 Caribbean nations established in 1973 whose main purposes are to promote economic integration and [...]...
32. European Agricultural Guidance And Guarantee Fund Common Agricultrural Policy is considered here.......
33. Franchise A provision in a marine cargo policy that partial losses will be adjusted if the loss exceeds a certain percentage of the total value of the shipment. A clause providing "with average if amounting to 3 percent," for example, would oblige the underwriter to settle a partial-loss claim [...]...
34. Variable Levy Variable Levy and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Variable Levy: An import duty that is subject to alteration as world market prices change, designed to ensure that the [...]...
35. European Payments Union Summary of European Payments Union An intra-European mechanism for the periodic settlement of trade balances. The EPU was established July 1, 1950, among the members of the Organization for European Economic Cooperation (read this and related legal terms for further details) (OEEC) to [...]...
36. European Coal And Steel Community European Coal And Steel Community Summary of European Coal And Steel Community One of three component entities within the European Communities, the coal and steel organization was formed following World War II to permit member states to equalize their access to iron and steel resources. The [...]...
37. Trade Agreements Act Of 1979 An act of Congress implementing certain agreements negotiated under the Tokyo Round (read this and related legal terms for further details). The act replaced the Countervailing Duty Law and Antidumping Act of 1921 and ab......
38. Countervailing Charge Countervailing Charge and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Countervailing Charge: A charge in addition to normal import duties that may be imposed under the European [...]...
39. Carribbean Community And Common Market Commonly known as Caricom, the successor organization to the defunct Caribbean Free Trade Association (Carifta). The object of CARICOM was to stimulate regional development through the adoption of a common external tariff and uniform protectionist measures, harmonization of fiscal affairs, and conce......
40. Lloyd's Register A publication containing details of the characteristics and construction of various oceangoing vessels. The publication is not produced by Lloyd's Of London (read this and related legal terms for further details), wh......
41. Cooley Loans Foreign-currency-denominated loans by the U.S. government to foreign nations to permit the purchase of American agricultural commodities. The loans are authorized by an amendment to the Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act (...
42. Lome Conventions A series of trade and economic assistance agreements between the European Economic Community (read this and related legal terms for further details) and various developing nations, former colonies of EEC members. The Tr......
43. Fair Market Value The value an imported product would fetch, under similar circumstances of sale, were the goods sold in the country of origin. Customs authorities are usually interested in the fair market value of imported merchandise inasmuch as sales below such value may serve as the basis of a Dumping (...
44. Sliding Scale Tariff A customs tariff in which rates of DUTY (read this and related legal terms for further details) vary according to the price of a given import. Usually, as the price of the item declines, the duty is reduced. Duties may b......
45. International Organizations Cross References International Organizations Cross-References International Organizations are Institutions which have membership from several states, and they are usually international in scope. ... Read more...
46. Commonwealth Preference Special preferential rates of duty applied by member states of the British Commonwealth on merchandise imported from other Commonwealth countries. In many cases, duties among Commonwealth members were totally abolished. The accession of Britain into the European Com-munities, coupled with the adopt......
47. Section 204 A provision of the Agricultural Act of 1956 authorizing the president to negotiate bilateral agreements to limit exports to the United States of "any agricultural commodity or product manufactured therefrom or textiles or textile products." The president is also empowered to take steps to ......
48. Fecom The French acronym for the European Monetary Cooperation Fund. (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
49. Agricultural Funds European Agricultural Guidance and Guarantee Fund (EAGGF or FEOGA) and the European Union Resources See Also Common Agricultural Policy and Structural funds...
50. Transaction Value The primary method of valuing goods for customs purposes under the Customs Valuation Agreement (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
51. Marketing Orientation The act of locating a manufacturing facility near its principal markets. It usually occurs in cases where the cost of transporting the finished product significantly exceeds the cost of transporting the raw materials. See Resource Orientation, Weight Gaining, Weight Losing.......
52. Resource Orientation The act of locating a manufacturing facility near its source of raw materials. It usually occurs in cases where the cost of transporting the raw materials significantly exceeds the cost of transporting the finished product. See Marketing Orientation, Weight Gaining, Weight Losing.......
53. Sexual Orientation Sexual Orientation and the UN in 2013 United States views on international law [1] in relation to Sexual Orientation and the United Nations: On September 26, 2013, following a meeting of the members of the LGBT Core Group at the UN (which includes the United States), the members issued a [...]...
54. Sexual Orientation Resolutions Sexual Orientation and the UN in 2013 (Continuation) United States views on international law [1] in relation to Sexual Orientation and the un: 16. We agree with the United Nations Secretary-General's assessment that combating violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and [...]...
55. Adjusted Cif Price A factor in determining the variable import levy imposed by the European Economic Community on grain imports. The adjusted C.I.F. (cost, insurance, and freight) price is derived by assigning a quality factor to grain imported from non-EEC countries so as to put the import on a quality basis comparab......
56. Base Price As used in conjunction with the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Economic Community, a trigger price for specific commodities at which member states will intervene to support the market price of a commodity. Member states may respond to a decline in market prices below the base price by la......
57. Entry Price Under the common agriculture POLICY (read this and related legal terms for further details) of the European Economic Community, the price at which certain imported agricultural products enter EEC commerce. If the entry p......
58. Gate Price The minimum price at which pork, poultry, and eggs werw permitted to enter the European Economic Community under the common AGRICULTURAL POLICY (read this and related legal terms for further details) without imposition o......
59. Guide Price As used in conjunction with the European Economic Community's Common Agricultural Policy on cattle and calves, it is synonymous with Orientation Price (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
60. Indicative Price Also known as the norm price, the Target Price (read this and related legal terms for further details) for producers of olive oil under the common agricultural policy (...
61. Intervention Price The price at which the European Economic Community, in accordance with the Common Agricultural Policy (read this and related legal terms for further details), will intervene in the market to buy excess agricultural produ......
62. Purchase Price Defined in 19 U.S.C. 162 as the price at which imported merchandise has been purchased, or will be purchased, prior to exportation. It is usually based on the ex factory price excluding any export duties levied in the country of manufacture. Within the framework of the European Economic Community......
63. Standard Price The target price (read this and related legal terms for further details) for tobacco under the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Economic Community.......
64. Target Price An important concept within the common agricultural policy (read this and related legal terms for further details) of the European Economic Community. It represents an optimum wholesale price within the community for a g......
65. Withdrawal Price A floor price at which European Economic Community producers of certain food products may withhold their goods from the market. The withdrawal price is generally below the base price (i.e., the target price set for a given commodity) and the purchase price at which EEC governments will intervene in ......
66. Minimum Import Price As used in conjunction with the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Economic Community, Gate price (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
67. Sexual Orientation Issues Sexual Orientation in 2013 United States views on international law [1] in relation to Sexual Orientation: In 2013, the United States joined in joint statements on discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity in both the HRC and the UN, which are discussed in this [...]...
68. Arm's Length Price The price at which a given commodity would sell in a sale between an unrelated buyer and seller. Arm's length pricing is the functional opposite of transfer pricing, in which the buyer and seller are related and the price is influenced by that relationship.......
69. Cash Price The same as SPOT price (read this and related legal terms for further details), as used in grain transactions.......
70. Constructed Price A value for customs purposes that ignores the invoice price of the merchandise but is derived by computing the cost inputs of the product (materials plus reasonable manufacturing expenses in the country of origin plus a profit factor), to which are added the normal costs associated with preparing th......
71. Normal Price Within the scope of the Brussels Definition Of Value (read this and related legal terms for further details), the value basis upon which ad valorem duties will be assessed on imports. The normal price is the price the go......
72. Price Supports A program of governmental action designed to stabilize or lift the price that producers receive for their products. These actions may include direct cash payments, government purchase of output to force up market prices, or special financing. Such supports are most commonly applied to agriculture.......
73. Spot Price The price of a commodity in the Spot Market (read this and related legal terms for further details), i.e., the price quoted for immediate sale and delivery. ......
74. Threshold Price A minimum import price for commodities established under the common Agricultural Policy (read this and related legal terms for further details) of the European Economic Community, set so as not to hamper sales of EEC pro......
75. American Selling Price A method formerly employed in the United States to establish the value for duty of a limited number of imported products. Under the ASP scheme, an imported product's value for duty was based upon the selling price of like products manufactured in the United States, irrespective of the price the ......
76. Commodity Price Index An index of prices for a stipulated list of commodities. Prices may be on a spot or futures basis. Customarily, major commodities are traded on exchanges (although there are some exceptions), and price fluctuations can be monitored accordingly. The U.S. Department of Labor maintains an index of twen......
77. Consumer Price Index Summary of Consumer Price Index An index of the retail price of four hundred consumer products and services, computed monthly by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Formerly known as the Cost of Living Index, the compilation includes retail price inputs of given items from many cities across [...]...
78. International Price Index A price index that serves as a standard to measure inflation in industrialized countries. The index consists of the C.I.F. value (in U.S. dollars) of exports of industrial country manufactures to developing countries.......
79. Trigger Price Mechanism A program of import surveillance instituted by the U.S. government in 1977. Under this scheme, a floor price is established for designated import items; this floor is predicated upon the production cost of the most efficient foreign producer, with adjustments for freight and currency [...]...
80. Price Base Price or Basic Price and International Trade Resources See Also Further Reading Information related to price in the Max Planck Encyclopedia of International Law(MPEPIL), Germany, United Kingdom Resources See Also Common Agricultural Policy Gate Price and International Trade Resources [...]...
81. Net Price Net Price in International Trade Meaning of Net Price, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The price paid or payable after all discounts and rebates have been applied....
82. Going Price Resources See Also Fair market value...
83. Exercise Price The price at which the holder of an option contract may buy or sell a specified quantity of a given commodity, security, or currency.......
84. Price Cartel An agreement among business entities to fix prices, to establish ranges within which prices may move, or to establish methods by which prices may be determined.......
85. Reference Price A mechanism of the Common Agricultural policy (read this and related legal terms for further details) of the European Economic Community designed to prevent disruptive import competition for certain vegetables, fruits, f......
86. World Price The price at which a given commodity is selling internationally under market conditions in effect at the time of sale. To provide a valid comparison between prices, the world price quoted must normally include quality, location, and perhaps other factors, depending upon the commodity.......
87. Price Discrimination Price Discrimination and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Price Discrimination: The practice of charging unequal prices to different buyers of products that are essentially identical, when such [...]...
88. Price Competitiveness Price Competitiveness and International Trade Economy Resources See Also competitiveness...
89. Price Bands Price Bands and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Price Bands: A form of variable levy linked to a system of domestic price controls. Countries such as Chile and Colombia [...]...
90. Price Undertaking Price Undertaking and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Price Undertaking: An agreement by an exporting firm with the government of an " importing country to raise the [...]...
91. Norm Price Norm Price and International Trade Resources See Also Common Agricultural Policy...
92. Price Restrictions In the United States For information about Price restrictions in the context of international trade, click here...
93. Price Differentiation Price Differentiation in International Trade Meaning of Price Differentiation, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Price strategy for international markets that allows each local subsidiary or partner (agent, distributor. etc.) to set a price that is [...]...
94. Price Standardization Price Standardization in International Trade Meaning of Price Standardization, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Price strategy for international markets based on setting a price for the product as it leaves de factory. At its simplest it involves setting [...]...
95. Price Policy Related Fields Related topics include: Economic Development Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Social development Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Price Policy Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Price Control Find this subject in this World [...]...
96. Current Price Resources See Also Current market value Fair market value...
97. Administered Price Resources See Also Price Policy Price Control Pricing Strategy Dumping...
98. Price Control Resources See Also Price Policy Price Control Pricing Strategy Dumping...
99. Price Stabilization Resources See Also Price Policy Price Control Pricing Strategy Dumping...
100. Price Support Resources See Also Price Policy Price Control Pricing Strategy Dumping...
101. Retail Price Resources See Also Price Policy Price Control Pricing Strategy Dumping...
102. Wholesale Price Resources See Also Price Policy Price Control Pricing Strategy Dumping...
103. Equilibrium Relative Price Of Currencies Synonymous with rate of exchange, i.e., the price, in terms of one national currency, at which another currency can be purchased under market conditions.......
104. Foreign Market Price For purposes of customs valuation comparisons, generally the price of like merchandise sold for consumption in the country of origin.......
105. Resale Price Method Synonymous with Arm's Length Price (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
106. Uniform Delivered Price A single delivered price that is offered to all customers within a defined geographic area, irrespective of the actual cost of delivering the merchandise.......
107. Allowance for Differences of Price Spanish Translation of allowance for differences of priceThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to allowance for differences of price and / or a definition of this topic: Prelevement (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry)....
108. Resale Price Maintenance Resale Price Maintenance and International Trade Economy Resources See Also vertical restraints...
109. Check Price System Check Price System and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Check Price System: A device used by a government agency to avoid charges of dumping in foreign markets by [...]...
110. Clear Market Price Resources See Also Fair market value...
111. Chile – Price Band System and Safeguard Measures Relating to Certain Agricultural Products ContentsChile Price Band System and Safeguard Measures Relating to Certain Agricultural ProductsConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned ... Read more...
112. Strike Price Strike Price in International Trade Meaning of Strike Price, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Price at which the option buyer obtains the right to purchase (call option) or sell (put option) the underlying security or currency....
113. Call Price Resources See Also Redemption...
114. Agricultural Price Resources See Also Farming Farm Bill Agricultural Law Agriculture Reform Agriculture...
115. Price-Fixing Agreement Price-Fixing Agreement and International Trade Economy Resources See Also cartel...
116. Sluice-Gate Price Sluice-Gate Price and International Trade Resources See Also Common Agricultural Policy...
117. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development Organization For Economic Cooperation And Development (OECD) Summary of Organization For Economic Cooperation And Development An association of industrial countries formed in 1961 to promote the economic well-being of its member countries while contributing to the development of the world [...]...
118. Organization For European Economic Cooperation Organization For European Economic Cooperation Summary of Organization For European Economic Cooperation A post-World War II organization established to coordinate the reconstruction of Europe. The OEEC arose in response to an Anglo-French declaration in 1947 calling for European [...]...
119. Original Arbitration agreement or certified copy (Article IV(1)(b)) ContentsOriginal Arbitration agreement or certified copy (Article IV(1)(b))At the time of the applicationTranslations(Article IV(2))Examples of cases where a translation was ... Read more...
120. Ordinary Course Of Trade A concept routinely applied in customs valuation that holds that the dutiable value of goods is the price at which they would normally sell if customary channels of distribution were observed. For example, where it was industry practice for a product to be sold directly by a manufacturer to an end u......