Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. Public Choice Theory Literature Review on Public Choice Theory In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Darrene L. Hackler offers the following summary about the topic of Public Choice Theory: Public choice uses economics methodology to understand political organization and [...]...
2. Treaty on Open Skies 3 Contents Treaty on Open Skies   Article III QUOTAS SECTION I. GENERAL PROVISIONS 1. Each State Party shall have the ... Read more...
3. Open Systems Interconnection Resources See Also Publishing Publishing Contract Legal Publisher Academic Publishing...
4. Treaty on Open Skies 9 Contents Treaty on Open Skies   Section III. Output From Sensors That Use Other Recording Media 1. The State Party ... Read more...
5. Rule-of-origin Theory In the United States For information about Rule-of-origin theory in the context of international trade, click here...
6. Moral Development Theory Literature Review on Moral Development Theory In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Carole L. Jurkiewicz and Robert A. Giacalone provide the following summary about the topic of Moral Development Theory: Moral Development Theory is a construct of stages [...]...
7. Elite Theory Concept of Elite Theory Note: explore also the meaning of this legal term in the American Ecyclopedia of Law. Resources See Also Political Economy Public Policy...
8. Critical Race Theory The Legal History of Critical Race TheoryThis section provides an overview of Critical Race Theory ResourcesSee AlsoLegal Biography Legal Traditions Historical Laws History of Law Further Reading Critical Race Theory in the Oxford International Encyclopedia of Legal History (Oxford University [...]...
9. Systems Theory Embracing mainstream international law, this section on systems theory explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "systems theory" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law (currently, [...]...
10. Treaty on Open Skies 2 Contents Treaty on Open Skies   Article XVII Depositaries, Entry Into Force And Accession 1. This Treaty shall be subject ... Read more...
11. Harmonized Systems Code In the United States For information about Harmonized Systems Code in the context of international trade, click here...
12. Theory of Law Contents Theory or Science of the Law The jurisprudence concept is often used to describe what was once called the ... Read more...
13. Geographical Information Systems Geographical Information Systems: the Past, Present and Future, the Law and other Social Sciences The emergence of technological systems with computerized cartographic application allowed the resolution of certain military problems between the 50s and 60s the XX century. The first GIS was [...]...
14. Vested Rights Theory Vested Rights Theory in Private International Law This section contain conflict of laws information and cross references related to vested rights theory on some major countries and additional jurisdictions. It covers key issues involved when citizens face international situations. Information [...]...
15. Game Theory and Private International Law This section contain conflict of laws information and cross references related to game theory and private international law on some major countries and additional jurisdictions. It covers key issues involved when citizens face international situations. Information on private international law [...]...
16. Treaty on Open Skies 10 Contents Treaty on Open Skies   Article XIII Designation Of Personnel And Privileges And Immunities Section I. Designation Of Personnel ... Read more...
17. Information Systems Security Association Overview of Information Systems Security Association in relation to cyber crime: [1]One example of a local ISSA chapter is based in Rochester, New York. Its members are employed in numerous firms and large corporations, as well as in government and nonprofit organizations. Consultant [...]...
18. Descent systems Introduction to Descent systemsAt the basis of kinship is the primary mother-child bond to which diverse cultures have added different familial relations. Additional kin are recruited to this basic unit by the principle of descent, which connects one generation to the other in a systematic ......
19. Certified Information Systems Security Professional Standard Overview of Certified Information Systems Security Professional Standard in relation to cyber crime: [1]There are currently three major concentrations in the CISSP standard, which are the following: (1) Information Systems Security Architecture Professional (ISSAP), (2) Information Systems [...]...
20. Integration Theory Integration Theory and Europe There is an entry on integration theory in the European legal encyclopedia. Integration theory and the European Union Resources See Also Functionalism' Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Integration Theory" in the work "A Concise [...]...
21. Treaty on Open Skies 4 Contents Treaty on Open Skies   Article IV SENSORS 1. Except as otherwise provided for in paragraph 3 of this ... Read more...
22. Legal Open Data Contents Legal Open Data Related Issues Legislation Legislation is law which has been promulgated by a legislature or other governing ... Read more...
23. American Legal Systems: A Resource and Reference Guide Contents American Legal Systems: A Resource and Reference Guide American Legal Systems: A Resource and Reference Guide, 1997 Toni M. ... Read more...
24. Entrepreneurial Theory Concept of Entrepreneurial Theory Note: explore also the meaning of this legal term in the American Ecyclopedia of Law. Resources See Also Political Participation Interest Groups Lobbying...
25. Distributed Systems Interoperability Frameworks for Distributed Systems, the Law and other Social Sciences One of the fundamental problems to tackle when interconnecting distributed systems is to entail the minimum coupling possible while ensuring the minimum interoperability requirements. this subject presents a [...]...
26. The Function of Rights: The Will Theory and the Interest Theory Main source: Wenar, Leif, “Rights”, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2011 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = . ... Read more...
27. Open Charter A charter party that specifies neither the port(s) of destination nor the cargo to be carried.......
28. Open Policy Marine insurance policy issued to cover various unspecified voyages over the life of the policy. An open policy is issued to a firm engaged in extensive shipping transactions, the details of which are probably unknown at the time the policy is issued; usually, the policyholder declares his [...]...
29. Open Position The economic exposure created when a bank buys or sells a quantity of foreign currency. Until the bank reserves, or covers, the transaction by an equivalent purchase or sale, it is considered open.......
30. Open Account Open Account in International Trade Meaning of Open Account, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A payment term under which the buyer promises to pay the seller within a predetermined number of days, and the seller does not restrict the availability of [...]...
31. Open Top Container Open Top Container in International Trade Meaning of Open Top Container, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A container fitted with a solid removable roof, or with a tarpaulin roof so the container can be loaded or unloaded from the top....
32. Open Communication Open Communication in Community Policing In this area, a meaning of Open Communication is available: Allowing ideas and information to be shared freely between police officers and the community....
33. Open Meetings References See Also Administrative Law Resources See Also Administrative Law...
34. Open Sky Agreement Bilateral Open Skies and Air Transport Agreements in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): Information on recent U.S. Open Skies and other air transport agreements, by country, is available at (internet [...]...
35. Open Access Integrating Open Source Technology and Open Access Literature Into Technology Based Degrees, the Law and other Social Sciences Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) are a new phenomenon of course delivery for students, faculty, and administrators to use. As this technology continues to grow in [...]...
36. Open Diplomacy Embracing mainstream international law, this section on open diplomacy explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "open diplomacy" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law (currently, [...]...
37. Open Sea Embracing mainstream international law, this section on open sea explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "open sea" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law (currently, the [...]...
38. Open Adoption Description of Open Adoption In this reference work, open adoption is a sort of the Family law category. Resources See Also Closed Adoption; Cooperative Adoption Adoption Family law...
39. Open Resources See Also Opening statement of counsel Resources See Also Open and notorious As to open Corporation Entry Insolvency Lewdness Policy Possession Verdict...
40. Open Listing Resources See Also Listing...
41. Open Union Resources See Also Open shop...
42. Open Court Resources See Also Public trial...
43. Open University Resources See Also Legal Education Education Education Law Higher Education Vocational Training Training...
44. Open Account Sales A form of trade credit in which the seller allows the buyer to postpone payment for a stipulated period, usually thirty to ninety days, without payment of interest. Payment of the account ahead of schedule may earn the buyer a cash discount.......
45. Open Market Captive See Captive Insurance Company.......
46. Open Market Operations A principal vehicle of the Federal Reserve system in expanding or contracting bank reserves. The Federal Open Market Committee, consisting of the entire Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve system, plus representatives of five of the twelve regional Federal Reserve banks (the New York Federal R......
47. Open Registry Shipping An arrangement under which a nation permits vessels owned by foreigners to be registered under its flag. The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) estimates that one-third of the world's fleet is operated under open registries. UNCTAD has criticized open registry and urges ......
48. Open-Source Code Open-Source Code Software Clauses and the Electronic Commerce Open-Source Code Software Clauses in the Online Business Law Resources See Also PPC Advertising Social Networking Online Business Law Internet Law Spam Startups Internet Tax Crossborder Commerce Technology Law Terms of Use ...
49. Open Government Partnership Open Government Partnership in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): On July 12, 2011, the United States hosted the first high-level meeting of the Open Government Partnership ("OGP") at the [...]...
50. Open Skies Agreements Bilateral Open Skies and Air Transport Agreements in 2013 United States views on international law [1] in relation to Bilateral Open Skies and Air Transport Agreements: Information on recent U.S. Open Skies and other air transport agreements, by country, is available at (Secretary of State [...]...
51. Open Registry States Embracing mainstream international law, this section on open registry states explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "open registry states" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law [...]...
52. Open Skies Agreement Bilateral Open Skies and Air Transport Agreements In relation to the international law practice and Bilateral Open Skies and Air Transport Agreements in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: Trade, Commercial Relations, Investment, Transportation About this [...]...
53. Open Letter of Credit Resources See Also Letter of credit...
54. Open Mortgage Clause Resources See Also Union mortgage clause...
55. Open Marine Cargo Insurance Policy Open Marine Cargo Insurance Policy in International Trade Meaning of Open Marine Cargo Insurance Policy, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A type of insurance policy intended to cover an indefinite number of future individual shipments. The insurance [...]...
56. Open-ended Working Groups Embracing mainstream international law, this section on open-ended working groups explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "open-ended working groups" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of [...]...
57. Judicial Systems in Federal Systems In relation to the judicial systems in federal systems and constitutional law, Gabrielle Appleby and Erin F Delaney[1] made the following observation: Federalism, as AV Dicey explained, implies 'the predominance of legalism or, in other words, a general willingness to yield to the [...]...
58. Open Rate A freight rate that is not set by a Conference (read this legal term for further details) and is therefore negotiable. An open rate may result from the absence of a conference rate agreement, or similar rate-setting scheme over a given trade route......
59. Open List Open List in Election Law In the proportional pepresentation system, this is a form of list in which voters can express a preference both for a party or grouping and for one, or sometimes more, candidates within that party or grouping. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral [...]...
60. Open Voting Open Voting in Election Law Situation whereby a voter casts his or her vote in front of everybody in the polling station, meaning the vote is no longer secret. This may happen due to a voter's own carelessness (does not fold his or her ballot paper when leaving the polling booth or simply [...]...
61. Open-end Contract Open-end Contract in International Trade Meaning of Open-end Contract, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A contract by which the buyer may purchase the seller's goods at any time within a specified period without changes in the price or other contract terms....
62. Open System Literature Review on (Decision Making) Open System and Non-Equilibrium In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Keith Carrington offers the following summary about the topic of (Decision Making) Open System and Non-Equilibrium: Making decisions is a normal part [...]...
63. Organization Theory Literature Review on Organization Theory In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Robert T. Golembiewski offers the following summary about the topic of Organization Theory: Forms of organization matter: given different situations and their features, different [...]...
64. Open-source Architecture of an Open-source Real-time Distributed Cyber Physical System, the Law and other Social Sciences Cyber Physical Systems are based on a number of nodes connected through a communication network, which can interact with the environment. In this chapter, a completely open-source [...]...
65. Open Door Embracing mainstream international law, this section on open door explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "open door" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law (currently, the [...]...
66. Open Credit Resources See Also Open account Open-end credit plan...
67. Open Shop Resources See Also Right to work laws Contrast Closed shop...
68. Open Trial Resources See Also Public trial...
69. Open And Closed Adoptions Open and Closed AdoptionsAdoptions may be open or closed. An open adoption involves some exchange of personal information. At the very least, one party will furnish information relevant to the child's future well-being, such as medical history or financial status. In some cases, the bio......
70. Open Source Software Many companies use open source software in their products and services. And some companies "regularly contribute software source code to open source projects under open source licenses or release internal software projects under open source licenses .... The terms of many open source [...]...
71. Open-end Investment Company Resources See Also Mutual fund...
72. Erp Systems Erp Systems Benefit Realization and the Role of Erp-enabled Application Integration, the Law and other Social Sciences This study proposes a conceptual framework that highlights how organizations can exploit ERP-enabled application integration to improve their overall post-implementation ERP [...]...
73. THEORY THEORY The attempt to explain or account for religion and its role in society as well as in individual experience; ... Read more...
74. Court Systems Contents Court Systems Court Hierarchy in the Legal System “Court level or hierarchy defines to a great degree the extent ... Read more...
75. Dual Court Systems Dual Court Systems “The American legal system is based on a system of federalism, or decentralization. While the national or ... Read more...
76. Natural Law Theory Main source: Finnis, John, "Natural Law Theories", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2011 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = . Definition of Legal Law Among the theories that define legal law there are: the theory of Hans Kelsen, who argues that law is [...]...
77. Legal Systems Definition of Legal Systems "A legal system is a mechanism for creating, interpreting, and enforcing laws in a given jurisdiction. The major legal systems in the world include civil law, common law, socialist law, religious law, and customary law. Most nations have incorporated aspects [...]...
78. Common Law Systems Contents Common Law Systems Common law systems can be found in many nations that were former colonies or territories of ... Read more...
79. Code Law Systems Code Law Systems The term “code-law systems” is usually employed, as a legal term of art, with two different, if ... Read more...
80. Socialist Legal Systems Contents Socialist Legal Systems Socialist law is the legal system used in most Communist states. It is based on the ... Read more...
81. Location Theory A theory that, all things being equal, a firm will locate its manufacturing and distribution facilities wherever transportation charges will be lowest on the production inputs and the outbound movement of finished products.......
82. Theory Z A concept articulated by Professor William Ouchi to identify a Japanese-style, worker- participating corporation. Theory Z is an expansion upon terminology developed by the late Douglas MacGregor, which identified a Theory X, in which workers are viewed as basically lazy and begrudgingly productive,......
83. Dependency Theory Introduction to Dependency TheoryDependency Theory, theory of economic development that emerged in the 1960s. Dependency theory addresses the problems of poverty and economic underdevelopment throughout the world. Dependency theorists argue that dependence upon foreign capital, technology, ......
84. Electoral Systems Election: Electoral Systems Introduction to Electoral Systems The manner in which governments organize elections and determine winners also affects participation rates. Majority systems require that a victorious candidate receive more than 50 percent of the vote. Under a plurality system, [...]...
85. Judicial Systems Criminal Procedure: Judicial Systems Introduction to Judicial SystemsLegal systems based on the common law tradition, such as those in England, Canada, and the United States, are typically contrasted with civil law systems, which are found in many Western European countries, much o......
86. Party Systems Political Parties: Party SystemsIntroduction to Party SystemsA political party system consists of all the parties in a particular nation and the laws and customs that govern their behavior. There are three types of party systems: (1) multiparty systems, (2) two-party systems, and (......
87. Political Theory Political Science: Fields in Political Science: Political Theory Introduction to Political Theory Political theory involves the study of philosophical thought about politics from ancient Greece to the present; the interpretation and development of concepts such as freedom, democracy, human [...]...
88. Prison Systems Introduction to Prison SystemsPrisons throughout the world have many similarities. The prison site consists of buildings of various sizes surrounded by high walls topped with razor wire. The buildings are staffed by armed guards or correctional officers who maintain inmates under close supe......
89. Legal Theory Related Fields Related topics include: Legal theory Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Jurisprudence Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Theory of Law Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Philosophy of Law Find this subject in this World legal [...]...
90. Constitutive Theory Definition of Constitutive Theory In accordance with the work A Dictionary of Law, this is a description of Constitutive Theory : The proposition that the existence of a state can only begin with its formal or implied *recognition by other states. The constitutive theory of recognition insists [...]...
91. Declaratory Theory Definition of Declaratory Theory In accordance with the work A Dictionary of Law, this is a description of Declaratory Theory : The proposition that a state has capacity (and personality) in international law as soon as it exists in fact (that is, when it becomes competent in municipal law). [...]...
92. Alternative Trading Systems Contents Alternative Trading Systems (ATSs) The alternative trading systems, with presence in many of the world’s main financial markets, were ... Read more...
93. Peacemaking Theory Peacemaking theory Resources See Also Peacebuilding Peacemaking Peacemaking Criminology Peacemaking theory Peacekeeping Peace Enforcement Peacemaking Circles ...
94. Theory Theory in Aging Law Concept of Theory in the context of Community Health Care and Services for Older Persons, published by the World Health Organization (WHO):In science, an explanation for some phenomenon which is based on observation, experimentation and reasoning. In popular use, a theory [...]...
95. Theory of Change Theory of change in the Context of Peacemaking Definition of Theory of change published by the United Nations: Set of beliefs about how change happens. While such theory broadly explains the logic behind the Programme's approaches, it also looks for specific changes that can easily be [...]...
96. Theory of Divine Law Contents John Finnis’ Theory of Divine Law The theory of divine law is a theory that there is some entity ... Read more...
97. Pure Theory of Law Contents Pure Theory of Law Overview Hans Kelsen was an Austrian legal theorist, who worked in Germany until the rise ... Read more...
98. Disturbance Theory Concept of Disturbance Theory Note: explore also the meaning of this legal term in the American Ecyclopedia of Law. Resources See Also Political Participation Interest Groups Lobbying...
99. Nml Capital V. Spaceport Systems Nml Capital v Spaceport Systems in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): See Section A.2.a.(1), supra, for discussion of this case considering whether Argentina's contribution to a satellite for [...]...
100. Asian Legal Systems Asian Law and Legal Systems Contents of Asian Law and Legal Systems Contents of this subject matter include: Asian history and cultural development Perceptions of different legal systems, orientalism & reverse orientalism, 'Asian values' & 'American values' Legal pluralism; [...]...
101. Patent Systems Patent Systems Contents of Patent Systems Contents of this subject matter include:The American Patent System - types of applications, publication of applications, the nominated person, claiming priority, American interactions with PCT system The American Patent System - examination of [...]...
102. Geographic Information Systems Profound technological advances are transforming the basic nature of information management. As governments implement new information technology, conventional paper records are fast giving way to powerful electronic databases. One type of information management system increasingly being [...]...
103. Court Information Systems Literature Review on Court Technology and Information Systems In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Ronald M. Stout offers the following summary about the topic of Court Technology and Information Systems: Developing technology and information systems for [...]...
104. Evolutionary Theory Literature Review on Evolutionary Theory and Public Policy In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Steven A. Peterson offers the following summary about the topic of Evolutionary Theory and Public Policy: Evolutionary theory can inform policy discussion. This [...]...
105. Information Systems Literature Review on Information Systems In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Mary Maureen Brown and Piper S. Charles provide the following summary about the topic of Information Systems: Information systems can provide accurate, reliable, and timely [...]...
106. Control Systems Literature Review on (Management) Control Systems In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Lynda Dennis offers the following summary about the topic of (Management) Control Systems: This entry discusses control systems in governmental organizations in the context [...]...
107. Appraisal Systems Literature Review on Performance Management: 360-Degree Appraisal Systems In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Neil M. Boyd offers the following summary about the topic of Performance Management: 360-Degree Appraisal Systems: A 360-degree performance [...]...
108. Probability Theory Literature Review on Probability Theory In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Bradley J. Best and Paul J. Brennan provide the following summary about the topic of Probability Theory: Public administrators use probability theory to account for uncertainty in [...]...
109. Game Theory Literature Review on (Public Administration Theory) Game Theory In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Michael A. Kelley offers the following summary about the topic of (Public Administration Theory) Game Theory: Game theory is a mathematical approach to [...]...
110. Federal Systems Exclusive and Shared Competences in Federal Systems In relation to the exclusive and shared competences in federal systems and constitutional law, José Maria Serna de la Garza[1] made the following observation: The term federalism refers to an organizational form that can be adopted [...]...
111. Economic Systems Related Fields Related topics include: Economy Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Economic System Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Legal System Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Capitalism Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. [...]...
112. Political Systems Related Fields Related topics include: Political System Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Politics Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Government Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Political System Politics Government...
113. Parliamentary Systems In relation to the parliamentary systems and constitutional law, Rainer Grote[1] made the following observation: The term 'parliamentary system' forms part of a dichotomy widely used in political science in order to categorize the main forms of democratic government. From this [...]...
114. Presidential Systems In relation to the presidential systems and constitutional law, Kevin YL Tan[1] made the following observation: Of the world's political systems, the presidential system of government is the most common and popular (forms of government). This system of government has its origins in the [...]...
115. Recommender Systems Context-aware Approach for Restaurant Recommender Systems, the Law and other Social Sciences This paper addresses the issue of how to effectively use users' historical data in restaurant recommender systems, as opposed to systems, such as FindMe, that only rely on online operations. [...]...
116. Cloud Systems Fault Tolerant Cloud Systems, the Law and other Social Sciences Cloud computing refers to a model for accessing computing resource like networks, servers, storage, applications and services by remotely. Cloud computing offers these resources as a service, namely infrastructure –as-a-service, [...]...
117. Robotics Systems Improving Dependability of Robotics Systems, Abridged, the Law and other Social Sciences The use of robotics systems is increasingly widespread and spans a variety of application areas. From healthcare, to manufacturing, to space missions, these systems are typically conceived to perform [...]...
118. Functional Theory Embracing mainstream international law, this section on functional theory explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "functional theory" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law [...]...
119. Neo-kantian Theory Embracing mainstream international law, this section on neo-kantian theory explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "neo-kantian theory" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law [...]...
120. Normative Theory Embracing mainstream international law, this section on normative theory explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "normative theory" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law [...]...