Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. Cofinancing An arrangement whereby commercial banks and official lending institutions participate in World Bank financing of development projects in Third World countries. The World Bank acts as lead manager for the loan and provides partial funding from its own resources; commercial banks and official lenders ......
2. London Gold Pool An arrangement among certain European central banks and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York designed to maintain stability in the market price of gold in private transactions. The United States had been committed to buy and sell gold in official transactions at thirty-five dollars per ounce; a priv......
3. Development Finance Development Finance The U.S. Office of Development Finance The Office of Development Finance, part of the The Bureau of Economic ... Read more...
4. BIS The Bank for International Settlements, abbreviated as BIS, is the oldest international financial institution and was established on 17 May 1930 in the context of the Young Plan (which dealt with the issue of the reparation payments imposed on Germany by the Treaty of Versailles following the [...]...
5. Startup Contents Startup Startup in the United States The Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act (the “JOBS Act”) was enacted on April ... Read more...
6. International Banking Contents International Banking International Banking in the United States The expansion of trade in recent decades has been paralleled by ... Read more...
7. Other Holders Institutions other than central banks, national treasuries, and the International Monetary Fund itself that are approved by the IMF to hold Special Drawing Rights (read this and related legal terms for further details). ......
8. International Development Banks Resources See Also World Bank Bank Regulation History of Banking Functions of the World Bank...
9. Regional Development Banks Regional Development Banks (IDB) This section provides an overview of regional development banks (idb) within the legal context of Development Institutions in international economic law, with coverage of Architecture. Resources Further Reading Suresh Nanwani, "Regional Development Banks [...]...
10. Development Institutions Development Institutions in International Economic Law In international economic law, development institutions includes the following legal areas, with coverage in this world legal encyclopedia: li> World Bank Group (WBG) Regional Development Banks (IDB) International Trade Center (ITC) [...]...
11. Central Banks European System of Central Banks (ESCB) and Europe There is an entry on european system of central banks (escb) in the European legal encyclopedia. This section provides an overview of central banks within the legal context of Monetary Institutions in international economic law, with coverage [...]...
12. EBRD EBRD and the European Union Resources See Also World Bank Bank Regulation History of Banking Functions of the World Bank Resources See Also European Bank for Reconstruction and Development...
13. International Development Association International Development Association Outline The IDA is one of the two affiliates of the World Bank. It came into existence in 1962 under the Articles of Agreement of the International Development Association of 1960. Its main function is to provide loans on more favourable and flexible terms [...]...
14. Foreign Currency Foreign Currency in International Trade Meaning of Foreign Currency, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The currency of any foreign country which is authorized medium of circulation and the basis for record keeping in that country. Foreign currency is [...]...
15. Export Companies In the United States For information about Export Companies in the context of international trade, click here...
16. Offshore Center A locale with many foreign banks in residence.......
17. Taxation in the European Union Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Taxation in the European Union) ...
18. Offshore Production Offshore Production and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Offshore Production: Manufacturing activities and assembly operations of foreign subsidiaries or affiliates. Beginning in 1963, US [...]...
19. Offshore Procurement In the United States For information about Offshore procurement in the context of international trade, click here...
20. Offshore Installation Resources See Also Energy Utilities Natural Resources Energy Clean Energy...
21. Offshore Worker Resources See Also Worker Employee Benefits Employ Employment White Collar Worker Blue Collar Worker Labor Right Employee...
22. Offshore Finance Company Synonymous with Foreign Base Finance Company (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
23. Offshore Trading Company Synonymous with foreign base trading company. See subpart f.......
24. ODA Official development assistance (ODA), or official aid, consists of grants or loans by the official sector to countries or territories on the official recipient list of the OECD's Development Assistance Committee, or to multilateral agencies. Its main objective is to promote economic [...]...
25. Taxation Office Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Taxation Office) ...
26. European Company European Company and Europe There is an entry on european company in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "European Company" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney Leach (Profile [...]...
27. CIS CIS See CIS disambiguation page for other meanings of CIS The Commonwealth of Independent States, abbreviated as CIS, was established at the end of 1991, in the wake of the end of the USSR. It is an association of states, which possesses coordinating powers in trade, finance, lawmaking, and [...]...
28. Outline of International banking regulations Contents Outline of International banking regulations General Principles – Foreign banks shall receive the same treatment in the US as ... Read more...
29. Depreciation Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Depreciation) "https://lawin.org/Ad-valorem-tax/" target="_blank"......
30. Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS): A US government inter-agency [...]...
31. Foreign Currency Account Foreign Currency Account in International Trade Meaning of Foreign Currency Account, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): An account maintained in a foreign bank in the currency of the country in which the bank is located. When such accounts are kept, they [...]...
32. Central Banking Contents Central Banking Role of Central Banking The foremost monetary institution in a market economy is the central bank. These ... Read more...
33. United States Trade Representative An office, with ambassadorial rank, created by Congress to direct U.S. trade negotiations during the Kennedy and Tokyo Rounds. Known previously as the special trade representative and the special representative for trade negotiations, the office was reorganized with expanded powers by Executive [...]...
34. Customs Legal Issues Customs were the original form of international commercial law. As we have seen in the history of lex mercatoria, the customs existed before any statute of commercial law was made and were often the basis for legislation.(1) Customs in International Trade Meaning of Customs, [...]...
35. Multifiber Arrangement An international agreement among textile-producing and consuming nations to provide a framework for orderly trade in textiles and apparel. For many years, the textile manufacturing industries of the developed nations have been beset by intense competition from lower-cost imports, resulting in unempl......
36. Vostro Account Funds denominated in local currency that a foreign bank holds in a local bank. ......
37. Sales Tax Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Sales Tax) Ad Valorem Tax (sometimes, including Sales Tax) Alternative Minimum Tax (sometimes, including Sales Tax) Big Four (audit firms) (sometimes, including Sales Tax) Black Market [...]...
38. Black Market Black Market Definition Black Market is the term designating the illicit sale of commodities in violation of government rationing and price-fixing. The term originated in Europe during World War I, when the introduction of rationing in belligerent countries tempted some persons with access [...]...
39. Council For Mutual Economic Cooperation Known commonly as Comecon, was organized by the Soviet Union in 1949, in response to the Marshall Plan. Comecon's objective is to facilitate trade among its members: consisting of the Soviet Union, the communist states of Eastern Europe (excepting Albania), Mongolia, and Cuba; Yugoslavia has bee......
40. Company Information Contents Company Information Legal Materials: Some Basics When someone asks for information about a company, a complete answer will include: ... Read more...
41. Tariff Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Tariff) Ad Valorem Tax (sometimes, including Tariff) Alternative Minimum Tax (sometimes, including Tariff) Big Four (audit firms) (sometimes, including Tariff) Black Market (sometimes, [...]...
42. Foreign Exchange Foreign Exchange in International Trade Meaning of Foreign Exchange, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Current or liquid claims payable in foreign currency and in a foreign country (bank balances, checks, bills of exchange). Not to be confused with foreign [...]...
43. Offshore Structure Resources See Also Energy Utilities Natural Resources Energy Clean Energy...
44. Exchange Control The system by which a government regulates possession of and dealings in foreign exchange. The principal objective of exchange control is to allocate foreign exchange to necessary imports and expenditures. Normally, the finance ministry or central bank is invested with the authority to issue [...]...
45. Offshore Holding Company Synonymous with foreign base holding company. See SUBPART F.......
46. Subpart F A provision of the Internal Revenue Code (Sections 951-64) that imposes U.S. income taxes on the undistributed earnings of "controlled foreign corporations." Subpart F was incorporated into the Code by the Revenue Act of 1962; prior to that time, earnings by foreign subsidiaries of U.S. fi......
47. Indirect Tax Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Indirect Tax) "https://lawin.org/Ad-valorem-tax/" target="_blank"......
48. Immunity of Foreign Officials Overview Immunity of Foreign Officials Overview in 2013 United States views on international law [1] in relation to Immunity of Foreign Officials Overview: In 2010, the U.S. Supreme Court held in Samantar v. Yousuf that the FSIA does not govern the immunity of foreign officials. See this world [...]...
49. The Inter-American Center for Knowledge Development in Vocational Training Resources See Also World Bank Bank Regulation History of Banking Functions of the World Bank...
50. Holocaust Victims of Bank Theft V Magyar Nemzeti Bank Holocaust Victims of Bank Theft v Magyar Nemzeti Bank in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): On February 18, 2011, the United States filed a statement of interest in a case in federal district court in [...]...
51. Foreign Office Certificate Embracing mainstream international law, this section on foreign office certificate explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "foreign office certificate" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of [...]...
52. Dismissal of the Claims Against Erste Bank Group Ag and Mkb Bank Dismissal of the Claims Against Erste Bank Group ag and Mkb Bank in This Action Would be in the Foreign Policy Interest of the United States in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): Austria is an [...]...
53. Domestic Offshore Trade Areas subject to the jurisdiction of the United States, outside the contiguous forty-eight states, over which economic regulation of ocean shipping is exercised by the Federal Maritime Commission. Apart from movements by water involving these noncontiguous areas (Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Guam, et cetera......
54. Bank Paper A bill of exchange or other negotiable that has been accepted or endorsed by a bank.......
55. Bank Rate The rate at which the Bank of England and the Bank of Canada lend to commercial banks.......
56. Central Bank The principal monetary authority of a nation. In most commercially developed nations the central bank issues the currency and acts as banker for the government and the nation's commercial banks. By setting the rate at which it will lend money to commercial banks, the central bank [...]...
57. Consortium Bank A bank owned by a group of other banks, usually including foreign banks, with no one member of the group controlling more than 50 percent of the outstanding shares.......
58. Correspondent Bank Summary of Correspondent Bank A bank that acts as the representative of another bank in a given transaction. As a rule, correspondents have sums on deposit with each other for the purpose of settling the transactions of the other bank.(Main Author: William J. Miller) [...]...
59. Member Bank A bank that holds membership in the Federal Reserve system. Membership is mandatory for banks with Federal charters. State- chartered banks may join if qualified. Member banks are obliged to subscribe a fixed portion of their capital and surplus to stock of their regional banks, must maintain prescr......
60. Bank Regulations Bank Regulations......
61. World Bank World Bank and the World Bank Group Further Reading A concise encyclopedia of the United Nations (including World Bank , H Volger, KA Annan -2010) The Oxford Handbook on the United Nations (TG Weiss - 2007) International Law: A Dictionary (including World Bank , Boczek, Boleslaw Adam -2005) [...]...
62. Accepting Bank Definition of Accepting Bank in International Trade The following is a concept of Accepting Bank in the context of international trade law, from the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): In a letter of credit, this is the financial institution that executes a banker's [...]...
63. Advising Bank Definition of Advising Bank in International Trade The following is a concept of Advising Bank in the context of international trade law, from the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The bank that notifies the exporter of the opening of a letter of credit in his or her [...]...
64. Bank Acceptance Bank Acceptance in International Trade Meaning of Bank Acceptance, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A draft accepted by a bank usually for the purpose of financing the sale of goods to or by the bank's customer. The bill may be drawn , for example, by [...]...
65. Bank Draft Bank Draft in International Trade Meaning of Bank Draft, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A payment order from a bank, similar to a cashier's cheque. A bank draft is considered cash and cannot be returned unpaid....
66. Bank Guarantee Bank Guarantee in International Trade Meaning of Bank Guarantee, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A contract between a bank (as guarantor) and a beneficiary, in which a bank commits itself to pay a certain amount of money under certain specified [...]...
67. Collecting Bank Collecting Bank in International Trade Meaning of Collecting Bank, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Any bank, other than the remitting bank, that is involved in processing a collection. In collection terminology the remitting bank is the bank to which the [...]...
68. Confirming Bank Confirming Bank in International Trade Meaning of Confirming Bank, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): In a letter of credit transaction, the bank that assumes responsibility to the seller (usually the exporter) for payment from the issuing bank (buyer's [...]...
69. Issuing Bank Issuing Bank in International Trade Meaning of Issuing Bank, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The buyer's bank which establishes a letter of credit at the request of the buyer, in favour of the beneficiary (exporter/seller). Also called buyer's [...]...
70. Negotiating Bank Negotiating Bank in International Trade Meaning of Negotiating Bank, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): In a letter of credit transaction, the bank that: receives and examines the seller's documents for adherence to the terms and conditions of the [...]...
71. Presenting Bank Presenting Bank in International Trade Meaning of Presenting Bank, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): In bank collections, the collecting bank that deals directly with the drawee; usually is the drawee's bank of the account....
72. Reimbursing Bank Reimbursing Bank in International Trade Meaning of Reimbursing Bank, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The bank named in a letter of credit from which the paying, accepting or negotiating bank may request cover after receipt of the documents in compliance [...]...
73. Second Advising Bank Second Advising Bank in International Trade Meaning of Second Advising Bank, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): In a letter of credit transaction, the seller usually prefers that the incoming letters of credit be advised through its bank account. However, [...]...
74. Foreign Bank United States Offices of Foreign Bank in relation with Foreign Banks This content deals with legal and regulatory aspects of United States Offices of Foreign Bank covered in connexion with Foreign Banks and banking / lending Institutions....
75. Bank Account Description of Bank Account In this reference work, bank account is a sort of the Banking category. Resources See Also Banks Banking Banking...
76. Bank Bill Resources See Also Bank (Bank note)...
77. Bank Resources See Also Credit Union Cooperative Collective Resources See Also Banking Banc Resources See Also Teller Resources See Also Pass-book Resources See Also National bank Resources See Also Mutual savings bank Savings and loan association. Compare Commercial bank [...]...
78. Bank Clearings Resources See Also Clearinghouse...
79. Agricultural Bank Resources See Also Farming Farm Bill Agricultural Law Agriculture Reform Agriculture...
80. Cereal Bank Resources See Also Farming Farm Bill Agricultural Law Agriculture Reform Agriculture...
81. Grain Bank Resources See Also Farming Farm Bill Agricultural Law Agriculture Reform Agriculture...
82. Industrial Bank Resources See Also Industry Industrial Unionism Labor Law Industrial Disputes Business Law...
83. Data Bank Resources See Also Library Law Library Legal Deposit Public Law Library Information Science Research Investigation Legal Research Study...
84. Development Bank Resources See Also World Bank Bank Regulation History of Banking Functions of the World Bank...
85. Swinton v. Whitinsville Sav. Bank Contents Swinton v. Whitinsville Sav. Bank 1942 Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court • Bank sold Swintons house that was infested with ... Read more...
86. Asian Development Bank Summary of Asian Development Bank A multilateral development bank formed in 1966 to provide capital to Asian and Pacific countries to expand their economic infrastructure and industrial base. Capital is contributed to the bank by its members, which include both regional, i.e., Asian, and [...]...
87. Bank Export Services Act A 1982 act of Congress that amends Federal banking laws to permit banks to acquire equity, up to 100 percent, in Export Trading Companies. The act forms Title II of the Export Trading Company Act. See export TRADING COMPANY ACT.......
88. Bank For International Settlements Bank For International Settlements Summary of Bank For International Settlements An international bank owned and controlled by the central banks of twenty-four European and five non-European central banks. The BIS was formed at the Hague Conference of 1930 in response to pressures for the [...]...
89. Bank-Post Remittance A settlement of a matured bill of exchange sent by a commercial bank to the foreign maker of the bill. A bank check is the customary form of remittance.......
90. European Investment Bank Summary of European Investment Bank A multilateral development bank established in 1958 by the Treaty of Rome for the purpose of assisting in the balanced growth of the European economic community (read this and related legal terms for further details) (EEC). The bank grants long-term loans [...]...
91. International Investment Bank A multinational development bank, membership of which is comprised of the Soviet Union and its allies. The bank was formed in 1970 to foster "economic efficiency and intensification" in the member states. The authorized capital of the bank is 1,071,300,000 transferable rubles, of which 374......
92. Islamic Development Bank A multinational development bank formed by Muslim countries to provide economic development assistance to member states, and to foster economic progress in Muslim communities in nonmember states. The financing practices of the bank are conducted in conformity with the principles and laws of Islam. T......
93. African Development Bank African Development Bank Outline The agreement to establish the AfDB came into existence in 1964, and the bank began to operate in 1966. Its membership is open to both African and non-African countries. There are about 75 members in the bank. As a regional development bank, the AfDB provides [...]...
94. Interamerican Development Bank Contents Interamerican Development Bank Interamerican Development Bank as an U.S. State Statute Topic This term is one of the topics ... Read more...
95. Bank Regulations History Bank Regulations History......
96. European Central Bank European Central Bank (ECB) and the Treaties of the European Union Description of European Central Bank (ECB) provided by the European Union Commission: The European Central Bank was inaugurated on 30 June 1998. On 1 January 1999 it took over responsibility for implementing European monetary [...]...
97. Bank Export Services In the United States For information about Bank Export Services in the context of international trade, click here...
98. Bank Holding Companies In the United States For information about bank holding companies in the context of international trade, click here...
99. World Bank Group World Bank Group in International Trade Meaning of World Bank Group, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The World Bank Group is a specialized United Nations agency dedicated to improving living standards in developing countries through facilitation and [...]...
100. Lebanese Canadian Bank Lebanese Canadian Bank in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): II. Analysis of Factors Based upon a review and analysis of the administrative record in this matter, consultations with relevant Federal [...]...
101. Caribbean Development Bank Embracing mainstream international law, this section on caribbean development bank explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources See Also World Bank Bank Regulation History of Banking Functions of the World Bank Resources Further Reading The entry [...]...
102. Dogger Bank Incident Embracing mainstream international law, this section on dogger bank incident explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "dogger bank incident" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law [...]...
103. Bank of International Settlements Bank of International Settlements (BIS) This section provides an overview of bank of international settlements (bis) within the legal context of Monetary Institutions in international economic law, with coverage of Architecture. Resources Further Reading Pierre Panchaud, "Bank of [...]...
104. Erste Bank Group Dismissal of the Claims Against Erste Bank Group A.g. and Mkb Bank in This Action Would be in the Foreign Policy Interest of the United States In relation to the international law practice and Dismissal of the Claims Against Erste Bank Group A.g. and Mkb Bank in This Action Would be in the [...]...
105. VISHIPCO LINE AND OTHERS v. THE CHASE MANHATTAN BANK 2 DISCUSSION Chase here first contends that plaintiffs’ claims were dismissible for failure to prove that under Vietnamese law they were ... Read more...
106. Sample letter: Request for bank statement Contents Sample letter: Request for bank statement To, The Bank Manager Name of bank Address of branch Date Dear Sir, ... Read more...
107. African Development Bank Group A multilateral development organization, the first component of which, the African Development Bank, was created in 1963 under the auspices of the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa. The group provides funding to African states and multinational official bodies in Africa to advance indust......
108. Export-Import Bank Of The United States Commonly known as Eximbank, an independent, self-funding agency of the U.S. government created to facilitate exports of American products. Originally chartered under the laws of the District of Columbia in 1934, Eximbank was rechartered by an act of Congress in 1945. The bank provides short-, medium......
109. Inter-American Development Bank Summary of Inter-American Development Bank A multinational development bank established in 1959 to promote economic and social development in Latin American member countries. The bank is owned by its forty-three member countries, of which twenty-seven are regional, i.e., Western Hemisphere [...]...
110. International Bank For Economic Cooperation A clearinghouse for international settlements among COMECON members established at Moscow in 1963. The object of the bank was to eliminate the need for strict bilateral settlement of trade balances among members by use of accounts in "transferable rubles." The tranferable ruble, however, h......
111. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development International Bank For Reconstruction And Development International Bank for Reconstruction and Development Outline The IBRD was established pursuant to the Bretton Woods Agreement of 1944. Its headquarters are in Washington, DC. As its name suggests, it is an intergovernmental (as opposed to [...]...
112. Chettri V Nepal Bangladesh Bank Chettri v Nepal Bangladesh Bank in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): In May 2011, the United States filed a statement of interest in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York in a [...]...
113. African Development Bank Sanctions Procedures Contents African Development Bank Sanctions Procedures Text  Background 1.1.  The mandate of the African Development Bank Group, which comprises the African ... Read more...
114. European Bank for Reconstruction and Development European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (ebrd) and Europe There is an entry on european bank for reconstruction and development (ebrd) in the European legal encyclopedia. European Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the European Union Resources See Also World Bank Bank [...]...
115. Central American Bank for Economic Integration Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration...
116. Merchant Bank A bank that provides a variety of financial services to commercial entities, including investment banking, acceptance of bills of exchange, insurance portfolio management, as well as business financing. Merchant banks are a Western European institution and do not customarily accept retail banking bu......
117. Paying Bank Paying Bank in International Trade Meaning of Paying Bank, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The bank designated in a letter of credit as the party that will honour drafts drawn under the L/C....
118. Remitting Bank Remitting Bank in International Trade Meaning of Remitting Bank, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): In a documentary collection, the bank forwarding the exporter's documents and the draft to, an receiving payments from, the buyer's bank (collecting [...]...
119. Commercial Bank Resources See Also Further Reading Information related to commercial bank in the Max Planck Encyclopedia of International Law(MPEPIL), Germany, United Kingdom...
120. National Bank Resources See Also Member Bank...