Nonproliferation Issues

Nonproliferation: Executive Order 12938 in 2013

United States views on international law [1] in relation to Nonproliferation: Executive Order 12938: Effective February 11, 2013, the U.S. Department of State imposed sanctions on Chinese and Iranian foreign persons based on a determination on December 21, 2012 that the Chinese and Iranian foreign persons had engaged in proliferation activities that warrant the imposition of measures pursuant to sections 4(b), 4(c), and 4(d) of Executive Order 12938. 78 Fed. Reg. 9769 (Feb. 11, 2013). The sanctioned persons are: Dalian Sunny Industries (China); Li Fangwei (China) [also known as: Karl Lee]; Ministry of Defense and Armed Forces Logistics (MODAFL) (Iran); Shahid Bakeri Industrial Group (SBIG) (Iran); and Shahid Sattari Ground Equipment Industries (Iran). Id. The measures imposed include a procurement ban, an assistance ban, an import ban, and suspension from participating in any export or licensed activities pursuant to the Arms Export Control Act. The measures are imposed for a period of two years.

Nonproliferation: Executive Order 13382 in 2013 (Continuation)

United States views on international law [1] in relation to Nonproliferation: Executive Order 13382: On June 27, 2013, OFAC designated two entities and two individuals pursuant to E.O. 13382: Daedong Credit Bank, DCB Finance Ltd., Chol Sam KIM, and Mun San SON, all of North Korea. 78 Fed. Reg. 41,995 (July 12, 2013).

More about Nonproliferation: Executive Order 13382

The State Department designated four Iranian entities and one Iranian individual on May 7, 2013 pursuant to E.O. 13382. 78 Fed. Reg. 42,584 (July 16, 2013). The Department determined that Aluminat, Pars Amayesh Sanaat Kish, Parviz Khaki, Pishro Systems Research Company, and Taghtiran Kashan Company “have engaged, or attempted to engage, in activities or transactions that have materially contributed to, or pose a risk of materially contributing to, the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction or their means of delivery (including missiles capable of delivering such weapons), including any efforts to manufacture, acquire, possess, develop, transport, transfer or use such items, by any person or foreign country of proliferation concern.” Id.

Development

The Department of State imposed sanctions pursuant to E.O. 13382 on December 12, 2013 on five Iranian entities engaged in providing the Iranian government goods, technology, and services that materially contribute to or pose a risk of materially contributing to Iran's ability to enrich uranium, construct a heavy water-moderated research reactor, and develop its ballistic missile capabilities, all of which are prohibited by UN Security Council resolutions. A State Department media note, available at (Secretary of State website) state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2013/218637.htm, provides background on the designated entities. Eyvaz Technic Manufacturing Company (“Eyvaz”) is involved in the procurement of sensitive items for use in Iran's centrifuge program. The Exploration and Nuclear Raw Materials Production Company (“EMKA”) is a subsidiary organization of the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran (“AEOI”), which oversees uranium discovery, mining, and mineral processing operations in Iran. Maro Sanat Company (“Maro Sanat”) has worked for Iran's Nuclear Reactors Fuel Company (“SUREH”) to acquire necessary items for the organization's facilities. Navid Composite Material Company (“Navid Composite”) is an Iran-based subsidiary of U.S.- and UN-designated Sanam Industrial Group, which was designated for its involvement in Iran's ballistic missile program. Negin Parto Khavar (“Negin Parto”) is a key participant in a nuclear procurement network that brokers items for Iran's proscribed nuclear program, including for UNdesignated entities

Details

Also on December 12, 2013, OFAC designated several proliferators headed by Iran's Ministry of Defense for Armed Forces Logistics (“MODAFL”), which oversees Iran's ballistic missile program: Qods Aviation Industries; Iran Aviation Industries Organization; Reza Amidi, Fan Pardazan, and Ertebat Gostar Novin. OFAC also designated officials (Iradj Mohammadi Kahvarin and Mahmoud Mohammadi Dayeni) from and aliases (Kia Nirou, Block Nirou Sun Co., BNSA Co., and Neku Nirou Tavan Co.) for the Iranian nuclear procurement firm Neka Novin. 78 Fed. Reg. 77,203 (Dec. 20, 2013).

Resources

Notes

1. Nonproliferation: Executive Order 13382 in the Digest of United States Practice in International Law

Resources

Notes

1. Nonproliferation: Executive Order 12938 in the Digest of United States Practice in International Law