Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. Single Market Summary of Single Market A component feature of the Common Agricultural policy (read this and related legal terms for further details) of the European Economic Community.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Single Market and Europe There is an entry on single market in the European [...]...
2. European Community European Community (EC) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of European Community (EC): (Previously known as the European Economic Community, or EEC; the term "European Communities" [...]...
3. European Economic Community Summary of European Economic Community One of the three components of the European Communities. In March 1957, the members of the European Coal and Steel Community (France, Federal Republic of Germany, Italy, and the Benelux countries) expanded the sphere of economic cooperation through the [...]...
4. Nvocc Nvocc in International Trade Meaning of Nvocc, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Non-vessel-operating common carrier is company providing point-to-point international transport of goods although it does not necessarily operate or own transport vehicles or [...]...
5. Target Price An important concept within the common agricultural policy (read this and related legal terms for further details) of the European Economic Community. It represents an optimum wholesale price within the community for a g......
6. Transshipment The act of passing cargo from one carrier to another to continue the journey in those cases where the first carrier does not go from origin of a shipment to destination.......
7. Common Carrier Read Carrier as cross-reference......
8. Withdrawal Price A floor price at which European Economic Community producers of certain food products may withhold their goods from the market. The withdrawal price is generally below the base price (i.e., the target price set for a given commodity) and the purchase price at which EEC governments will intervene in ......
9. Community Preference Summary of Community Preference A component principle of the Common Agricultural Policy (read this and related legal terms for further details) of the European Economic Community.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Community Preference and Europe There is an entry on community [...]...
10. Economic Union Summary of Economic Union Also known as an economic community, an advanced form of economic integration on the part of several states. The economic union incorporates the features of a Common market (read this and related legal terms for further details)—unrestricted free trade among [...]...
11. Combined Nomenclature Combined nomenclature (CN) and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Combined nomenclature (CN) provided by the European Union Commission: A systematic list of goods descriptions based on the Harmonized System, serving for the purposes of the Common Customs Tariff, external trade [...]...
12. Vocc Vocc in International Trade Meaning of Vocc, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Vessel operating common carrier is a company that operates its own vessels. See also NVOCC....
13. New Jason Clause A stipulation in ocean bills of lading subject to the U.S. carriage of goods by Sea Act (read this and related legal terms for further details). Prior to the adoption of the Harter Act of 1893, American law recognized no......
14. Carriage Of Goods By Sea Act Carriage Of Goods By Sea Act Summary of Carriage Of Goods By Sea Act Known commonly by the acronym COGSA, the principal U.S. statute governing carrier liabilities and immunities for loss and damage arising during the transport of goods by water in the foreign commerce of the United States. [...]...
15. Deviation The departure by a vessel from the scope or route of the planned voyage. An unreasonable departure from the normal course of the voyage is generally considered improper and, in those cases where cargo interests suffer losses as a result of such a departure, a finding by a court that the vessel devia......
16. Dock Receipt A document used at some ports to acknowledge delivery of cargo to a pier for shipment aboard a given vessel. The format of a dock receipt often resembles that of a bill of lading and contains substantially the same information concerning the cargo; it is signed and/or stamped by the stevedore [...]...
17. Intervention Price The price at which the European Economic Community, in accordance with the Common Agricultural Policy (read this and related legal terms for further details), will intervene in the market to buy excess agricultural produ......
18. Landbridge A method of transporting goods partially by land and partially by water as a substitute for all-water movements. Originated in the mid 1960s as a means of moving European-Far East cargoes across the United States during the interruption of Suez Canal service, the concept of land- bridge has [...]...
19. Multimodal Transport Document Multimodal Transport Document in International Trade Meaning of Multimodal Transport Document, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A document issued or signed by a carrier indicating carriage by more than one means of transportation. For example, a [...]...
20. Reasonable Despatch The duty of a common carrier to convey goods from shipper to consignee with all reasonable speed. The carrier, however, assumes no obligation for loss of market or other losses sustained as a result of delays in transit.......
21. Gray Market Goods In the United States For information about Gray market goods in the context of international trade, click here...
22. Shipment Received For Shipment B/L in International Trade Meaning of Received For Shipment B/L, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A bill of lading which confirms the receipt of goods by the carrier, but not their actual loading on board. This document can be [...]...
23. Werner Report A report on the subject of European integration, prepared by a committee under the leadership of Pierre Werner, prime minister of Luxembourg. The report, published in October 1970, urged full economic and monetary union within the European Economic Community as "a catalyst for the development o......
24. Combined Transport Operator A common carrier providing multimodal transport services. These services may involve movement of the goods by several modes (e.g., rail, water, motor), with one portion of the shipment actually performed by the carrier issuing the bill of lading and other portions subcontracted out.......
25. Economic Integration Summary of Economic Integration The process of unifying two or more national economies through conscious coordination of trade, fiscal, and monetary activities. Economic integration is normally preceded by the reduction or abolition of tariffs, quotas, and similar constraints upon trade [...]...
26. Company Union Company union in the International Trade Union Rights Area Definition of Company union provided by ITUC-CSI-IGB: Can be used to describe either an enterprise union or a yellow union. Resources See Also Trade Unionism Trade Union Chartism Trade Union Legislation Resources Trade Union Topics [...]...
27. Bailee Summary of Bailee A person or firm entrusted with temporary possession of the personal property of another. Possession of the goods by the Bailee conveys no title and the Bailee must surrender them to the owner upon completion of the purpose that gave rise to the bailment. A steamship [...]...
28. Himilaya Clause A provision in an ocean bill of lading that extends to stevedores or other employees of a carrier the carrier defenses against claims for loss and damage of cargo provided in the carriage of goods by sea act (read this and r......
29. European Company European Company and Europe There is an entry on european company in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "European Company" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney Leach (Profile [...]...
30. Additional Product Aid A feature of the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Economic Community, which provides price supports to EEC producers affected by import competition. The "community preference" mechanism of the CAP eliminates external competition for most items but does not respond for certain pro......
31. Pillars of the European Union Pillars of the European Union and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Pillars of the European Union provided by the European Union Commission: In Community parlance people often refer to the three pillars of the EU Treaty. These three pillars, which form the basic structure of [...]...
32. Delivery Note Delivery Note in International Trade Meaning of Delivery Note, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The delivery note is a document that certifies the delivery of goods to the buyer, who must sign it to make it clear that the goods have been delivered in [...]...
33. Spot Market A market for commodities or currency in which the sale results in an immediate or nearly immediate exchange of the goods or instruments for cash, as compared with a futures market, which trades in contracts for the future delivery of the product.......
34. External Responsibilities External responsibilities of the European Community and the Treaties of the European Union Description of External responsibilities of the European Community provided by the European Union Commission: The European Community's external responsibilities are defined in accordance with whether [...]...
35. Mate's Receipt A document issued by a ship's officer acknowledging receipt of a specific quantity of cargo. A mate's receipt is usually issued only in conjunction with a vessel charter.......
36. Chicken War A protracted dispute between the United States and the European Economic Community arising from the adoption of Europe's COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY (read this and related legal terms for further details) on chicken i......
37. Guide Price As used in conjunction with the European Economic Community's Common Agricultural Policy on cattle and calves, it is synonymous with Orientation Price (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
38. Restitutions Export and producer subsidies granted by the European Economic Community to EEC farmers and processors. The subsidies are a feature of the Common Agricultural Policy (read this and related legal terms for further details......
39. Treaty of Rome Treaty Of Rome Summary of Treaty Of Rome The document, signed at Rome in 1957 (effective January 1, 1958), by which the six founding states established the European Economic Community (read this and related legal terms for further details). (Main Author: William J. Miller) The Treaty of [...]...
40. Bailment Summary of Bailment A contract by which one person (bailor) entrusts personal property to another person (bailee) for some specific purpose. All contracts for the carriage of goods, for example, are bailments.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Bailment, in law, a transfer of the [...]...
41. Both-To-Blame Clause A provision in an ocean bill of lading that addresses the responsibilities of the vessel to the cargo interests in the event of a collision at sea. The clause arises from an anomaly of maritime law whereby a vessel involved in a collision is exempted from liability to its own cargo (as provided in t......
42. Community Transit Community transit and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Community transit provided by the European Union Commission: Customs procedure that allows goods to be moved from one point in the Community to another. Resources See Also Popular Treaties Topics Treaties of the United [...]...
43. War Risk Insurance War Risk Insurance in International Trade Meaning of War Risk Insurance, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Insurance coverage against war risks as outlined in detail in some dozen rather than specific paragraphs of an insurance policy. The policy [...]...
44. Delivery Summary of Delivery The act whereby the owner of a vessel gives operational control over to the charterer.(Main Author: William J. Miller) In the United States For information about Delivery in the context of international trade, click here Delivery in International Trade Meaning [...]...
45. Free Market The economic system of a nation in which market forces determine which goods and services are produced, and at what price they are offered. Free market economies do not contain substantial government controls on resource availability, price levels, or central planning of economic objectives.......
46. Cartage The transfer of merchandise locally, e.g., from a pier to a nearby warehouse; also, the charge for cartage services.......
47. European Coal And Steel Community European Coal And Steel Community Summary of European Coal And Steel Community One of three component entities within the European Communities, the coal and steel organization was formed following World War II to permit member states to equalize their access to iron and steel resources. The [...]...
48. Lighterage A charge imposed for the transfer of cargo from vessel to shore and vice versa by means of lighters.......
49. Movement Certificate Eur 1 Movement Certificate in International Trade Note: there is more information about this term in the European legal Encyclopedia. Meaning of Eur 1 Movement Certificate, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Goods transport certificate and proof of [...]...
50. European Communities Summary of European Communities The name for the collective institution that embraces the European Economic Community, the European Atomic Energy Community, and the European Coal And Steel Community (qq.v.). Each of the three entities was established by separate convention, the earliest of [...]...
51. Free Trade Area Summary of Free Trade Area An association of states that seeks to overcome impediments to trade among members by reducing or eliminating tariffs among the participants. The members of a free trade area do not maintain a common external tariff nor do they (usually) provide for the free flow [...]...
52. On Board Bill Of Lading An ocean bill of LADING (read this and related legal terms for further details) bearing the carrier's endorsement "on board" or words of like import stipulating that the cargo covered by the bill of lading ......
53. Carriage of Goods Definition of Carriage of Goods By AirIn accordance with the work A Dictionary of Law, this is a description of Carriage of Goods By Air : The act of carrying goods by air, which is normally under a contract between the consignor and a *carrier. International carriage has been the subject of [...]...
54. Nonconference Carrier A steamship line that is not a member of the Conference (read this legal term for further details) over a given trade route.......
55. Operating Differential Subsidy A grant provided by the Federal government to U.S. firms that operate American-built vessels over certain prescribed trade routes deemed essential to American commerce. The object of the subsidy is to reduce the net operating costs to American shipping firms so as to permit them to compete against l......
56. Carrier Summary of Carrier A firm engaged in the business of transporting persons or goods for profit. Railroads, trucking companies, airlines, and steamship operators are examples of carriers. Carriers can be divided into three categories: the private carrier moves only its own goods or those of [...]...
57. Carrier's Certificate A document issued by a steamship line, an airline, or other transportation company carrying imported merchandise certifying to the customs authorities that the party named is the legitimate recipient of the goods and is authorized to effect clearance through customs (see figure). The party so named ......
58. Clean Product Carrier A tank vessel that transports only refined petroleum products, such as gasoline or kerosene, as contrasted with a ship which carries crude petroleum.......
59. National Flag Carrier A common car RIER (read this and related legal terms for further details)-usually a steamship line or an airline- that bears its country's flag and is viewed in the trading community as representing the commercial in......
60. Operating Budgets Literature Review on Capital Improvement Programs (CIPs): Operating Budgets In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Donna Hom offers the following summary about the topic of Operating Budgets in Capital Improvement Programs (CIPs): Some governmental entities do [...]...
61. Cellularized Vessel A vessel, also known as a slot ship, equipped with internal ribbing so as to accommodate rows of containers stacked one on top of the other. Modern container ships are at least partially cellularized.......
62. Combination Vessel Usually used in reference to a vessel that is partially cellularized to accommodate containers, with the remainder of its cargo-carrying space dedicated to break-bulk stowage.......
63. Feeder Vessel A small vessel or barge that carries goods from a principal port to outlying ports not served directly by the mother ship.......
64. Grounded (Vessel) The condition of a vessel which has struck a submerged sandbar, rock, or similar protrusion and is incapable for a period of time (during low water, for example) of navigating free and returning to open water.......
65. Bridge Carrier A railroad that neither originates nor delivers a given lot of cargo; an intermediate carrier.......
66. Certificated Airline Carrier An airline which has been issued a certificate of public convenience AND NECESSITY (read this and related legal terms for further details) by competent governmental authority to operate airline service over prescribed ro......
67. Conference Carrier A steamship line that is a member of a Conference (read this legal term for further details).......
68. Independent Carrier A steamship line that is not a member of the Conference (read this legal term for further details) over a given trade route.......
69. Intercity Carrier A motor carrier subject to Interstate Commerce Commission authority with a majority of revenues derived from nonlocal cartage.......
70. Local Carrier A motor carrier that operates wholly within a single or contiguous commercial zone but is still subject to Interstate Commerce Commission authority because of other motor carriage business, for example, because it handles interstate interline business or hauls certain regulated commodities.......
71. Straddle Carrier A self-propelled vehicle which lifts a container within its own framework. The device is commonly used at port facilities and container yards.......
72. Ultralarge Crude Carrier A tanker exceeding three hundred thousand deadweight tons.......
73. Very Large Crude Carrier A tanker measuring between two and three hundred thousand deadweight tons.......
74. Vessel The "Maori King": International Incident In the book "International Incidents for Discussion in Conversation Classes", in relation to terminox, L. Oppenheim wrote in 1909: The vessel, the Maori King, was purchased in March, 1906, by Messrs. Ginsburg and Co., a Russian [...]...
75. Abandonment of Vessel Spanish Translation of abandonment of vesselThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to abandonment of vessel and / or a definition of this topic: Abandono del Buque (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry)....
76. Container Vessel Container Vessel in International Trade Meaning of Container Vessel, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): An ocean going vessel designed specifically to easily handle the loading, stowage and off-loading of ocean freight containers. Containers may be stowed [...]...
77. Tramp Vessel Tramp Vessel in International Trade Meaning of Tramp Vessel, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A vessel which does not operate under any regular schedule from one port to another, but calls any port where cargo may be obtained. To be distinguished from [...]...
78. Fishing Vessel Resources See Also Fishery Fisheries Law Fishing License...
79. Common Financing A feature of the Common Agricultural Policy (read this and related legal terms for further details) of the European Economic Community.......
80. Common Margins Arrangement A mechanism employed by the European Economic Community to stabilize the values of EEC member currencies relative to one another. See snake.......
81. Common Market Summary of Common Market A supranational organization of trading nations, created to promote economic collaboration and minimize constraints on the free movement of goods among the member states. Features of a common market include elimination of tariffs on goods moving between member [...]...
82. European Common Market European Common MarketCross-reference: European Economic Community and European Union.......
83. Common Pricing A feature of the COMMON AGRICULTURAL policy (read this and related legal terms for further details) of the European Economic Community.......
84. Admitted Carrier An insurance company that is admitted, i.e., licensed to do business, in a given jurisdiction.......
85. Bulk Carrier Bulk Carrier in International Trade Meaning of Bulk Carrier, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A vessel specifically designed to transport bulk cargo. There are two types of bulk carriers: those designed to transport dry bulk cargo such as grain or coal, [...]...
86. Carrier Liability Limit Carrier Liability Limit in International Trade Meaning of Carrier Liability Limit, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The maximum amount of money for which a carrier is legally liable for loss or damage to cargo. This is surprisingly low. For example, under [...]...
87. Flag Carrier Flag Carrier in International Trade Meaning of Flag Carrier, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A vessel registered under the flag of a particular country. Some counties support their merchant marine industry by limiting certain types of cargo to vessel [...]...
88. Free Carrier (FCA) Free Carrier in International Trade Meaning of FCA (Free Carrier), according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): In Incoterms FCA the seller fulfils his obligation to deliver when he has handed over the goods, cleared for export, into the charge of the carrier [...]...
89. Inland Carrier Inland Carrier in International Trade Meaning of Inland Carrier, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A transportation line that hauls export and import traffic between ports and airports and inland points....
90. A Common Law of International Adjudication Contents A Common law of International Adjudication Chester Brown (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2007, liii + 303 pp) The rise ... Read more...
91. Andean Common Market Considered in Andean Group.......
92. Common External Tariff Summary of Common External Tariff The uniform customs tariff applied by all the member states of a customs union or common market to imports from nonmember nations.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Common External Tariff and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT [...]...
93. Overland Common Point A geographic point in the nation's interior to which shipments (usually ocean containers) can be made over more than one coast. For example, St. Louis is an overland common point for shipments from Asia inasmuch as it can be reached by shipping containers via the Pacific coast, or through the Pa......
94. Arab Common Market Arab Common Market Outline The ACM came into existence in 1965, pursuant to an agreement signed in 1964 by the Arab League states. Its initial members included Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Libya, Mauritania, Palestine Liberation Organisation, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, United Arab Emirates, Yeme......
95. Common Law Definition Contents Common Law Definition The term “common law” is used in a number of different senses. In medieval English law ... Read more...
96. Carribbean Community And Common Market Commonly known as Caricom, the successor organization to the defunct Caribbean Free Trade Association (Carifta). The object of CARICOM was to stimulate regional development through the adoption of a common external tariff and uniform protectionist measures, harmonization of fiscal affairs, and conce......
97. Central American Common Market Summary of Central American Common Market A free trade area among the nations of Central America, established in 1960 by a treaty between El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua. The common market began operations in 1961, and Costa Rica joined the group in 1962. Honduras dropped [...]...
98. Common Article 3 of the Geneva Conventions Contents Common Article 3 of the four Geneva Conventions of 1949 Common Article 3 of the four Geneva Conventions of ... Read more...
99. Common Law Introduction to Common Law "Common Law, term used to refer to the main body of English unwritten law that evolved from the 12th century onward. The name comes from the idea that English medieval law, as administered by the courts of the realm, reflected the "common"customs of [...]...
100. Common Resources See Also Tenant (Tenant in common) Resources See Also Profit (Profit a prendre) Resources See Also As to common Bail Barretor Carrier Chase Condedit Council Day Debtor Diligence Drunkard Error Fishery Highway Informer Inn Intendment of law Intent Jury Labor Nuisance [...]...
101. Common Law: Our lady and her Knights Common law : Our lady and her Knights From: Sir Frederick Pollock, The Genius of the Common Law [1912] See ... Read more...
102. Common law. Our Lady and Her Knights 2 Contents Common law . Our Lady and Her Knights 2 Continue from Common law . Our Lady and Her Knights ... Read more...
103. Common law. The Giants and the Gods Common law . The Giants and the Gods See Common law. The Giants and the Gods 2 From Sir Frederick ... Read more...
104. Common law. The Giants and the Gods 2 Contents Common law. The Giants and the Gods 2 See Common law. The Giants and the Gods From Sir Frederick ... Read more...
105. The Genius of the Common Law Contents The Genius of the Common law [1912], Sir Frederick Pollock The Genius of the Common law (New York: Columbia ... Read more...
106. Common legal abbreviations Contents Common legal abbreviations The abbreviations showed here are pluralized by adding the letter “s” inside the period. For abbreviations ... Read more...
107. Common Law Systems Contents Common Law Systems Common law systems can be found in many nations that were former colonies or territories of ... Read more...
108. Common Law Legal System Common Law: The Legal SystemThe common law is based on the principle of deciding cases by reference to previous judicial decisions, rather than to written statutes drafted by legislative bodies. Common law can be contrasted to the civil-law system, based on ancient Roman law, found in conti......
109. Civil Law vs Common Law Civil Law vs Common Law......
110. Common Law and Equity Common Law and Equity......
111. Common Law Countries Related Work and Conclusions Resources See Also References (Papers) Extending Graham's Interpretive Theory Into Common Law: A Multiple-Case Study, Chris Hayes, Apr 2016 Admiralty-Sovereign Immunity-Philippine Corporation's Suit To Recover Damages Caused By Collision With Public [...]...
112. Common Heritage Of Mankind Common Heritage of Mankind Further ReadingA concise encyclopedia of the United Nations (including Common Heritage of Mankind , H Volger, KA Annan -2010) The Oxford Handbook on the United Nations (TG Weiss - 2007) International Law: A Dictionary (including Common Heritage of Mankind , Boczek, [...]...
113. Common Pleas The Legal History of Common PleasThis section provides an overview of Common Pleas ResourcesSee AlsoLegal Biography Legal Traditions Historical Laws History of Law Further Reading Common Pleas in the Oxford International Encyclopedia of Legal History (Oxford University Press) The Oxford [...]...
114. English Common Law The Legal History of Ecclesiastical Law in English Common LawThis section provides an overview of Ecclesiastical Law in English Common Law ResourcesSee AlsoLegal Biography Legal Traditions Historical Laws History of Law Further Reading Ecclesiastical Law in English Common Law in the Oxford [...]...
115. Common Laws Spanish Translation of common lawsThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to common laws and / or a definition of this topic: Derecho Consuetudinario (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry)....
116. Shared Common Property Spanish Translation of shared common propertyThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to shared common property and / or a definition of this topic: Régimen de Participación (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry)....
117. Common Agricultural Policy Common agricultural policy (CAP) and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Common agricultural policy (CAP) provided by the European Union Commission: The common agricultural policy is a matter reserved exclusively for the Community. Under Article 33 of the Treaty establishing the [...]...
118. Common Commercial Policy Common commercial policy and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Common commercial policy provided by the European Union Commission: The Community has exclusive responsibility for the common commercial policy (Article 133 of the EC Treaty, formerly Article 113). Under the policy [...]...
119. Common Customs Tariff Common Customs Tariff and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Common Customs Tariff provided by the European Union Commission: The common foreign and security policy (CFSP) was established and is governed by Title V of the Treaty on European Union (EU). It replaced European [...]...
120. Common Position Common position (CFSP) and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Common position (CFSP) provided by the European Union Commission: The common position in the context of the common foreign and security policy (CFSP) is designed to make cooperation more systematic and improve its [...]...