Non-state Actors

The Union of International Associations lists more than 60,000 organizations, including intergovernmental organizations and international nongovernmental organizations (2015).

Non-state Actors

MPEPIL: Individuals and non-state actors

Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (MPEPIL) list of articles of this subject.

List of articles pertaining to this subject: Individuals and non-state actors:

1. Aboriginal Title, Mostert, Hanri
2. Access to Information on Environmental Matters, Ebbesson, Jonas
3. Access to Justice in Environmental Matters, Ebbesson, Jonas
4. Amnesty International (AI), Moschtaghi, Ramin
5. Armed Conflict, Effect on Contracts, Petersen, Niels
6. Armed Conflict, Non-International, Marauhn, Thilo and Ntoubandi, Zacharie F
7. Asymmetric Warfare, von Heinegg, Wolff Heintschel
8. Barcelona Traction Case , Wittich, Stephan
9. Canevaro Claim Arbitration, Benedek, Wolfgang
10. Civil Society, Staberock, Gerald
11. Civilian Participation in Armed Conflict, Melzer, Nils
12. Claims, International, Orrego Vicuña, Francisco
13. Codes of Conduct, Friedrich, Jürgen
14. Combatants, Unlawful, Dürmann, Knut
15. Compensation for Personal Damages Suffered during World War II, Hofmann, Rainer
16. Contracts between International Organizations and Private Law Persons, Reinisch, August
17. Contracts between States and Foreign Private Law Persons, Marboe, Irmgard and Reinisch, August
18. Cultural Life, Right to Participate in, International Protection, O’Keefe, Roger
19. De facto Subjects, von Mangoldt, Hans
20. Denaturalization and Forced Exile, Hofmann, Rainer
21. Diplomatic Protection, Dugard, John
22. Eco-Labelling, Rüben, Volker
23. Eichmann Case, Villalpando, Santiago M
24. Environment, Private Standard-Setting, Friedrich, Jürgen
25. Environment, Role of Non-Governmental Organizations, Fuchs, Christine
26. Environmental Impact Assessment, Epiney, Astrid
27. European Citizenship, von Bogdandy, Armin and Arndt, Felix
28. European Passport, Hertig Randall, Maya
29. Family, Right to, International Protection, Caflisch, Lucius
30. Flegenheimer Claim, Liberti, Lahra
31. German Forced Labour Compensation Programme, Bank, Roland and Foltz, Friederike
32. Global Compact, Khan, Rahmatullah
33. Guerrilla Forces, Schaller, Christian
34. Human Rights, Activities of International Organizations , Klein, Eckart
35. Human Rights, Role of Non-Governmental Organizations, Hobe, Stephan
36. Indigenous Peoples, Kingsbury, Benedict
37. Indigenous Peoples, Treaties with, Alfredsson, Gudmundur
38. Individuals in International Law, Gorski, Simone
39. International Commission of Jurists (ICJ), Kogod Goldman, Robert
40. International Commission on Civil Status (ICCS), Gebauer, Martin
41. International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), Gasser, Hans-Peter
42. International Courts and Tribunals, Standing, Del Vecchio, Angela
43. Malta, Order of, Gazzoni, Francesco
44. Mavrommatis Concessions Cases, Uerpmann-Wittzack, Robert
45. Mercenaries, Hestermeyer, Holger P
46. Militias, Gebhard, Julia
47. Minorities, European Protection, Hofmann, Rainer
48. Nationality Cases before International Courts and Tribunals, Trevisanut, Seline
49. Non-Governmental Organizations, Hobe, Stephan
50. Non-State Actors, Wagner, Markus
51. Nottebohm Case, Dürr, Oliver
52. Oscar Chinn Case, Tams, Christian J
53. Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), Kassim, Anis F
54. Panevezys-Saldutiskis Railway Case, Riedel, Eibe
55. Peoples, Alfredsson, Gudmundur
56. Pinson Claim Arbitration (France v Mexico), Sepúlveda, Bernardo
57. Polluter Pays, Boyle, Alan
58. Prince von Pless Administration (Orders), Adjovi, Roland
59. Protected Persons, Krieger, Heike
60. Public Participation in Environmental Matters, Ebbesson, Jonas
61. Public Private Partnership, Abbott, Kenneth W
62. Resistance Movements, Barnidge, Robert P
63. Salem Case, Liberti, Lahra
64. Sapphire Arbitration, Paparinskis, Martins
65. Security, Right to, International Protection, Scheinin, Martin
66. Stateless Persons, Gücke, Katja
67. Subjects of International Law, Walter, Christian
68. Taliban, Philipp, Christiane E
69. Targeted Killing, Nolte, Georg
70. United States Nationals in Morocco Case, Herbst, Jochen
71. Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), Charlesworth, Hilary
72. Victims’ Rights, van Boven, Theo
73. Wars of National Liberation, Glazier, David W
74. Wena v Egypt Case, Kriebaum, Ursula

Resources

Further Reading

• The entry “non-state actors” in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law (currently, the Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law, 2009), Oxford University Press
• Arts, B., Noortmann, M., & Reinalda, B. (Eds.). (2001). Non-state actors in international relations. New York: Ashgate.
• Avant, D., Finnemore, M., & Sell, S. (2010). Who governs the globe? New York: Cambridge University Press.
• Barber, B. (1995). Jihad vs McWorld. New York: Random House.
• Barnett, M., & Finnemore, M. (2004). Rules for the world: International organizations in global politics. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
• Biswas, R. (2016). Emerging manufacturing hubs in Asia. In Asian Megatrends (pp. 66–84). London: Palgrave Macmillan.
• Bull, H. (1977). The anarchical society. New York: Columbia University Press.
• Bunker, R. (2005). Networks, terrorism and global insurgency, New York: Routledge.
• Cammaerts, B. (2015). ICTs and social movements. In: R. Mansell & P. Hwa (Eds.), The international encyclopedia of digital communication and society. Chichester, U.K.: Wiley-Blackwell.
• Cleary, S. (1996). The World Bank and NGOs. In P. Willetts (Ed), The conscience of the world. The influence of NGOs in the UN system. Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution.
• DeBardeleben, J., & Hurrelmann, A. (2011). Transnational Europe. New York: Palgrave.
• Della Porta, D., & Mattoni, A., (Eds). (2014). Spreading protests: Social movements in times of crisis. Colchester, U.K.: ECPR Press.
• Della Porta, D., & Tarrow, S., (Eds). (2005). Transnational protest and global activism. New York: Rowman & Littlefield.
• Diamond, L. J., & Plattner, M. F. (2012). Liberation technology: Social media and the struggle for democracy. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
• Dingwerth, K. (2007). The new transnationalism. New York: Palgrave.
• Djelic, M., & Sahlin-Andersson, K. (2006). Transnational governance: Institutional dynamics of regulation. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press.
• Doremos, P. (1998). The myth of the global corporation. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
• Eade, J., & Smith, M. P. (2011). Transnational ties: Cities, migrations and identities. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction.
• Everts, P. (1995). NATO, the European community and the United Nations. In O. Niedermayer & R. Sinnott (Eds.), Public opinion and internationalized governance (pp. 402–429). New York: Oxford University Press.
• Faist, T., Fauser M., & Kivisto, P. (2011). The migration-development nexus. New York: Palgrave.
• Farwell, J. P. (2014). The media strategy of ISIS. Survival, 56(6), 49–55.
• George, E. (2008). The place of private transnational actors in international law: Human rights norms, development and understanding corporate self-regulation as soft law, Proceedings of the Annual Meeting-American Society of International Law, 101, 469–480.
• Gilpin, R. (1971). The politics of transnational economic relations. International Organization, 25(3), 398–419.
• Guidry, J., Kennedy, M., Zald, M. (2000). Globalization and social movements. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
• Hägel, P., & Peretz, P. (2005). States and transnational actors: Who’s influencing whom? European Journal of International Relations, 11(4), 467–493.
• Hawkins, D., Lake, D., Nielson, D., & Tierney, M. (2006). Delegation and agency in international organizations. New York: Cambridge University Press.
• Haynes, J. (2012). Religious transnational actors and soft power. New York: Ashgate.
• Hoffman, S. (2002). Clash of globalizations? Foreign Affairs, 81(4), 104–115.
• Holton, R. (2008). Global networks. New York: Palgrave.
• Huntington, S. (1973). Transnational organizations in world politics. World Politics, 25(3), 333–368.
• Imig, D., & Tarrow, S. (2001). Contentious Europeans. Boulder, CO: Rowman & Littlefield.
• Jenkins, R., 2013. Transnational corporations and uneven development (RLE International Business): The internationalization of capital and the third world. New York: Routledge.
• Joachim, J., & Locher, B. (2009). Transnational activism in the UN and EU: A comparative study. New York: Routledge.
• Karp, D. (2009). Transnational corporations in “bad states”: Human rights duties, legitimate authority, and the rule of law in international political theory. International Theory, 1(1), 87–119.
• Keck, M., & Sikkink, K. (1998). Activists beyond borders: Advocacy networks in international politics. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
• Keohane, R., & Nye, J., (Eds.). (1971). Transnational relations and world politics. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
• Keohane, R., & Nye, J. (1974). Transgovernmental relations and international organizations. World Politics, 27(1), 39–62.
• Koenig-Archibugi, M., & Zürn, M. (2006). New modes of governance in the global system: Exploring publicness, delegation and inclusiveness. New York: Palgrave.
• Koch, M., & Stetter, S. (2013). Sociological perspectives on international organizations and the construction of global order. Journal of International Organization Studies, 4, 4–13.
• Kubalkova, V., Onuf, N., & Kowert, P. (1998). International relations in a constructed world. Armonk, MY: M. E. Sharpe.
• LaFleur, J. (2013). Transnational politics and the state. The external voting rights of diasporas. New York: Routledge.
• Marchetti, R. (2009). Mapping alternative models of global politics. International Studies Review, 11(1), 133–156.
• Marks, G., Scharpf, F., Schmitter, F., & Streeck, W. (1996). Governance in the European Union. London: SAGE.
• McKeon, N. (2009). The United Nations and civil society. London: Zed Books.
• Mingst, K., & Karns, M. (2010). International organizations: The politics and processes of global governance. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner.
• Mitrany, D. (1966). A working peace system. Chicago: Quadrangle Books.
• Moghadam, V. (2012). Globalization and social movements. New York: Rowman & Littlefield.
• Munoz, C. (2008). Transnational tortillas: Race, gender, and shop-floor politics in Mexico and the United States. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
• Newman, E. (2007). A crisis of global institutions? New York: Routledge.
• Nissen, T. E., (2014). Terror.com: IS’s social media warfare in Syria and Iraq. Contemporary Conflicts: Military Studies Magazine, 2(2), 1–8.
• Obamba, M. (2013). Transnational knowledge partnerships: New calculus and politics in Africa’s development. Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 43(1), 124–145.
• Omelicheva, M. (2009). Global civil society and democratization of world politics. International Studies Review, 11(1), 109–132.
• Orenstein, M., Bloom, S., & Lindstrom, N. (2008). Transnational actors in central and east European transitions. Pittsburg, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press.
• Piper, N., & Uhlin, A. (2004). Transnational activism in Asia. New York: Routledge.
• Prügl, E., & Thiel, M. (2009). Diversity and the European Union. New York: Palgrave.
• Puchala, D., Laatikainen, K. V., & Coate, R. (2007). United Nations politics. International organization in a divided world. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.
• Quinn, J. B., 2000. Outsourcing innovation: The new engine of growth. MIT Sloan Management Review, 41(4), 13.
• Richter, I., Berking, S., & Mueller-Schmid, R. (2006). Building a transnational civil society. New York: Palgrave.
• Risse, T. (1994). Ideas do not float freely: Transnational coalitions, domestic structures, and the end of the Cold War. International Organization, 48(2), 185–214.
• Risse, T. (1995). Bringing transnational relations back in. New York: Cambridge University Press.
• Risse, T. (2002). Transnational actors and world politics. In W. Carlsnaes, T. Risse, & B. Simmons (Eds.), Handbook of international relations (pp. 255–274). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.
• Rosenau, J. (1990). Turbulence in world politics. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
• Rosenau, J. (2003). Distant proximities: Dynamics beyond globalization. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
• Rucht, D. (2006). Critique of capitalism in the era of globalization. In I. Richter, S. Berking, & R. Mueller-Schmid (Eds.), Building a transnational civil society (pp. 109–134). New York: Palgrave.
• Sagafi-Nejad, T. (2008). The UN and transnational corporations. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.
• Schmidt, B. (2002). On the history and historiography of international relations. In W. Carlsnaes, T. Risse, & B. Simmons (Eds.), Handbook of international relations (pp. 3–22). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.
• Schmitz, H.-P., & Orenstein, M. (2006). The new transnationalism and comparative politics. Comparative Politics, 38(4), 479–500.
• Shahzad, S. (2011). Inside Al-Qaeda and the Taliban: Beyond Bin Laden and 9/11. London: Pluto Press.
• Silva, E. (2013). Transnational activism and national movements in Latin America. New York: Routledge.
• Slaughter, A. M. (2005). A new world order. Princeton. NJ: Princeton University Press.
• Smith, J. (2008). Social movements for global democracy. Baltimore, MD: John Hopkins University Press.
• Steffek, J., & Hahn, K. (2010). Evaluating transnational NGOs. New York: Palgrave.
• Stepanova, E. (2011). The role of information communication technologies in the “Arab spring.” Ponars Eurasia, 15, 1–6.
• Stone, D. (2013). Knowledge actors and transnational governance: The private-public policy nexus in the global agora. New York: Palgrave.
• Strange, S. (1996). The retreat of the state: The diffusion of power in the world economy. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press.
• Tallberg, J., Sommerer, T., Squatrito, T., & Jönsson, C. (2013). The opening up of international organizations: Transnational access in global governance. New York: Cambridge University Press.
• Tarrow, S. (2001). Transnational politics: Contention and institutions in international politics. Annual Reviews of Political Science, 4, 1–20.
• Tarrow, S. (2008). In J. Joachim & B. Locher (Eds.), Transnational activism in the UN and EU: A comparative study. New York: Routledge.
• Telo, M. (2008). Europe—A civilian power? New York: Palgrave.
• Thiel, M. (2014). European civil society and the EU Fundamental Rights Agency: Creating legitimacy through civil society inclusion? Journal of European Integration, 36(5), 435–451.
• Trenz, H. (2013). Rethinking the public sphere through transnationalizing processes. New York: Palgrave.
• Union of International Associations. (2015). Yearbook of international organizations. New York: De Gruyter.
• Wendt, A. (1999). A social theory of international politics. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press.
• Willetts, P. (2011). Non-governmental organizations in world politics. New York: Routledge.
• Willetts, P. (2013). Transnational actors and international organizations in global politics. In J. Baylis, S. Smith, & P. Owens (Eds.), The globalization of world politics. New York: Oxford University Press.
• Zweifel, T. (2005). International organizations and democracy. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner.

Mentioned in these Entries

Barcelona Traction Case, International Organizations, Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law, Treaties.