Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. Motor Vehicle Motor Vehicle Law Resources See Also Transport Transportation Means Transport Law Transport Contract...
2. Motor Vehicle Mechanic Resources See Also Transport Transportation Means Transport Law Transport Contract...
3. Motor Vehicle Industry Resources See Also Further Reading Information related to motor vehicle industry in the Max Planck Encyclopedia of International Law(MPEPIL), Germany, United Kingdom...
4. Bonafide Motor Vehicle Manufacturer Within the meaning of the Automotive Products Trade Act of 1965, a firm determined by the Secretary of Commerce to have the capacity to produce at least ten motor vehicles per week, and that has actually produced at least fifteen such vehicles in the preceding twelve months.......
5. Monetary Law Allocation of Powers and Jurisdiction in Monetary Law This section provides an overview of allocation of powers and jurisdiction in monetary law within the legal context of Law and Economics in Monetary Affairs in international economic law, with coverage of Monetary and Financial Regulation [...]...
6. Combined Transport Bill Of Lading A bill of lading covering movement of goods through more than one carrier, and perhaps through several modes of transport (water, air, rail, motor). The issuer of a combined transport bill of lading assumes responsibility for the goods throughout the journey until final destination, but his legal li......
7. Monetary Affairs Law and Economics in Monetary Affairs in International Economic Law In international economic law, law and economics in monetary affairs includes the following legal areas, with coverage in this world legal encyclopedia: li> Allocation of Powers and Jurisdiction in Monetary Law The Role of [...]...
8. Monetary Committee Monetary Committee and Europe There is an entry on monetary committee in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Monetary Committee" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney Leach [...]...
9. Monetary Policies The Role of Law in Monetary Policies This section provides an overview of the role of law in monetary policies within the legal context of Law and Economics in Monetary Affairs in international economic law, with coverage of Monetary and Financial Regulation (Main Regulatory Areas). Monetary [...]...
10. Motor Ship A vessel that employs a marine diesel engine as its propulsion method. The fuel efficiency of diesel engines causes them to operate more cost effectively than steam turbine plants, which were used in earlier vessel designs.......
11. Motor Vehicles In the United States For information about Motor vehicles in the context of international trade, click here...
12. Sea Transport Resources See Also Transport Transportation Means Transport Law Transport Contract Resources See Also Further Reading Information related to sea transport in the Max Planck Encyclopedia of International Law(MPEPIL), Germany, United Kingdom...
13. Depreciation (Monetary) A fall in the value of money. This fall may be reflected as (1) internal depreciation, a decline in the domestic buying power of money, as measured by standard indices— if it now costs $110 to buy what $100 would have bought a year ago, the dollar has depreciated by 9 percent (100 divided by 110) ......
14. Most-Favoured Nation Treatment in Investment Law This section provides an overview of most-favoured nation treatment in investment law within the legal context of Non-Discrimination on Foreign Direct Investment in international economic law (Principles). Resources Further Reading Piero Bernardini, "Most-Favoured Nation Treatment in [...]...
15. Multimodal Transport The movement of goods by more than one mode, or type, of transport, for example, a movement by truck to a pier, then by ship to a foreign port, and finally by rail to the customer.......
16. Gold Inflation A condition that arises in a nation where holdings of gold are tied to money supply, and excessive stocks of monetary gold increase the creation of money, resulting in inflation. The remedy for this condition is to remove gold from the treasury, thereby reducing the quantity of money available.......
17. Transport Conventions ContentsTransport ConventionsTransport Conventions and other International Instruments ResourcesConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these Entries Transport ... Read more...
18. Intermodal Transport Intermodal Transport in International Trade Meaning of Intermodal Transport, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The coordinated transport of freight, especially in connection with relatively long-haul movements using any combination of freight forwarders, [...]...
19. Environment and Wildlife conventions ContentsEnvironment and Wildlife conventionsConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these Entries Environment and Wildlife conventions Agreement ... Read more...
20. Vehicle Resources See Also Transport Transportation Means Transport Law Transport Contract...
21. Air Transport Services This section provides an overview of air transport services within the legal context of Specific Sectors in international economic law, with coverage of Trades in Services and Specific Sectors (Main Regulatory Areas). Resources Further Reading Antonia Carzaniga, "Air Transport [...]...
22. Air Transport Arbitration France–United States Air Transport Arbitration Embracing mainstream international law, this section on france–united states air transport arbitration explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "france–united states [...]...
23. Combined Transport Operator A common carrier providing multimodal transport services. These services may involve movement of the goods by several modes (e.g., rail, water, motor), with one portion of the shipment actually performed by the carrier issuing the bill of lading and other portions subcontracted out.......
24. NISSAN MOTOR MFG. CORP., U.S.A. v. THE UNITED STATES ContentsNISSAN MOTOR MFG. CORP., U.S.A. v. THE UNITED STATESConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/s NISSAN MOTOR MFG. ... Read more...
25. Geneva Gas Protocol Embracing mainstream international law, this section on geneva gas protocol explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "geneva gas protocol" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law [...]...
26. Atmospheric Protection Resources See Also International Environmental Law Environmental Law Violations Pollution Environmental Law Environmental Policy Climate...
27. Multimodal Bill Of Lading A bill of lading that provides for carriage of goods by more than one mode of transport (i.e., water, air, rail, motor), unlike a combined transport bill of lading, in which the issuer of the bill assumes responsibility for the goods through to destination. The multimodal bill may leave each carrier......
28. Merchant Fleet Resources See Also Transport Transportation Means Transport Law Transport Contract...
29. Company Law The Legal History of Company Law This section provides an overview of Company Law Applied Company Law Contents of Applied Company Law Contents of this subject matter include: Introduction; Alternative Business Structures Characteristics of a Company Company's liability in Crime, Contract [...]...
30. Crew Treatment in Hungary of Aircraft and Crew of the United States of America Cases Embracing mainstream international law, this section on treatment in hungary of aircraft and crew of the united states of america cases explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. [...]...
31. United Dredging Company (united States) V. United Mexican States United Dredging Company (united States) v. United Mexican States Embracing mainstream international law, this section on united dredging company (united states) v. united mexican states explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The [...]...
32. Vehicle Accidents Motor-Vehicle AccidentsThe single greatest cause of accidents in the United States is the automobile. In 1913 the American industrialist Henry Ford introduced assembly-line techniques in the manufacture of motor vehicles. The subsequent increase in the number of automobiles in use was huge ......
33. Open Skies Agreements Bilateral Open Skies and Air Transport Agreements in 2013 United States views on international law [1] in relation to Bilateral Open Skies and Air Transport Agreements: Information on recent U.S. Open Skies and other air transport agreements, by country, is available at (Secretary of State [...]...
34. Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety Embracing mainstream international law, this section on cartagena protocol on biosafety explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "cartagena protocol on biosafety" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary [...]...
35. Distinctive Emblem Protocol Embracing mainstream international law, this section on distinctive emblem protocol explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "distinctive emblem protocol" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of [...]...
36. History of Chinese Law Shang Dynasty (c.16th?11th Century BCE)For more information about this section, in the context of legal history, see the main entry in this legal encyclopedia. Western Chou Dynasty (c.1045?771 BCE)For more information about this section, in the context of legal history, see the [...]...
37. Maritime Transport Services This section provides an overview of maritime transport services within the legal context of Specific Sectors in international economic law, with coverage of Trades in Services and Specific Sectors (Main Regulatory Areas)....
38. Gold Flow Also known as gold movements, the pattern by which monetary gold enters and leaves a country. Theoretically, an inflow of gold should expand the national monetary supply; conversely, an export of gold should contract the money supply, thus eliminating imbalances in international payments over time. ......
39. Money Order Money Order in International Trade Meaning of Money Order, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): An instrument used to remit money to a named payee, often used by parties who do not hold a current account with a banking institution to pay bills or transfer [...]...
40. European Monetary Institute European Monetary Institute (emi) and Europe There is an entry on european monetary institute (emi) in the European legal encyclopedia. European Monetary Institute and the European Union Resources See Also EMI Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "European Monetary Institute [...]...
41. Railway Transport Resources See Also Transport Transportation Means Transport Law Transport Contract...
42. Road Transport Resources See Also Transport Transportation Means Transport Law Transport Contract...
43. Transport Equipment Resources See Also Transport Transportation Means Transport Law Transport Contract...
44. Central Bank The principal monetary authority of a nation. In most commercially developed nations the central bank issues the currency and acts as banker for the government and the nation's commercial banks. By setting the rate at which it will lend money to commercial banks, the central bank [...]...
45. Mexican Eagle Oil Company Dispute Mexican Eagle Oil Company Dispute (1938) Embracing mainstream international law, this section on mexican eagle oil company dispute (1938) explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "mexican eagle oil company dispute [...]...
46. Latin Monetary Union Latin Monetary Union and Europe There is an entry on latin monetary union in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Latin Monetary Union" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney [...]...
47. Air Transport Services Agreement Arbitration Embracing mainstream international law, this section on air transport services agreement arbitration explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "air transport services agreement arbitration" in the Parry and [...]...
48. Mexican Union Railway Company Claim Embracing mainstream international law, this section on mexican union railway company claim explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "mexican union railway company claim" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic [...]...
49. Allied Steel and Conveyors v. Ford Motor Company ContentsAllied Steel and Conveyors v. Ford Motor CompanyConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/s Allied Steel and Conveyors ... Read more...
50. Broad Money For purposes of calculating a nation's money supply, the sum of narrow money (i.e., currency in circulation plus private sector demand deposits) and quasimoney, including time and savings deposits and foreign currency deposits of residents.......
51. Central Monetary Institutions The principal agencies of government responsible for a nation's international financial affairs, particularly in exchange rate or balance of payments matters. The central monetary institutions usually consist of the ministry of finance and the central bank, or another exchange control agency.......
52. Fiscal Powers Fiscal and Monetary Powers of Congress in U.S. Constitutional Law A list of entries related to Fiscal and Monetary Powers of Congress may be found, under the Fiscal and Monetary Powers of Congress subject group, in the United States constitutional law platform of the American legal encyclopedia....
53. Geneva Protocol on the Pacific Settlement of Disputes Embracing mainstream international law, this section on geneva protocol on the pacific settlement of disputes explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "geneva protocol on the pacific settlement of disputes" in [...]...
54. Protocol Prohibiting the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous, Or Other Gases, Etc. Protocol Prohibiting the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous, or Other Gases, Etc. Embracing mainstream international law, this section on protocol prohibiting the use in war of asphyxiating, poisonous, or other gases, etc. explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law [...]...
55. Aerial Incident At Lockerbie Questions of Interpretation and Application of the 1971 Montreal Convention Arising From the Aerial Incident at Lockerbie (libyan Arab Jamahiriya v. United States and Libyan Arab Jamahiriya v. United Kingdom) Embracing mainstream international law, this section on questions of interpretation [...]...
56. Mint Ratio The ration of the amount of gold in a nation's monetary unit to the amount of silver in the same unit, when the nation is on a bimetallic standard. See bimetallism.......
57. Traffic Congressional Regulation of Commerce as Traffic in U.S. Constitutional Law A list of entries related to Congressional Regulation of Commerce as Traffic may be found, under the Congressional Regulation of Commerce as Traffic subject group, in the United States constitutional law platform of the [...]...
58. Mobile Money Services Adoption and Use of Mobile Money Services in Nigeria, the Law and other Social Sciences Nigeria, like many developing economies has been fighting financial exclusion through different mechanisms and with financial inclusion target set at 80% by 2020 by its National Financial Inclusion [...]...
59. Aircraft Pilot Resources See Also Transport Transportation Means Transport Law Transport Contract...
60. Automobile Industry Resources See Also Transport Transportation Means Transport Law Transport Contract...
61. Flags of Convenience Resources See Also Transport Transportation Means Transport Law Transport Contract...
62. Inland Navigation Resources See Also Transport Transportation Means Transport Law Transport Contract...
63. Inland Waterway Resources See Also Transport Transportation Means Transport Law Transport Contract...
64. Railway Network Resources See Also Transport Transportation Means Transport Law Transport Contract...
65. Railway Worker Resources See Also Transport Transportation Means Transport Law Transport Contract...
66. Road Network Resources See Also Transport Transportation Means Transport Law Transport Contract...
67. Ship Scrapping Resources See Also Transport Transportation Means Transport Law Transport Contract...
68. Trucking Industry Resources See Also Transport Transportation Means Transport Law Transport Contract...
69. Credit Tranche A lending facility at the International Monetary Fund for nations suffering balance of payments difficulties. Before borrowing in the credit tranche, a nation must have exhausted its gold tranche facility. The gold tranche is equivalent to the amount of gold that a nation has deposited with the IMF,......
70. Money At Call Also known as call money, a demand deposit in a British bank.......
71. Yo-Yo Effect A condition that arises under the rules of Financial Accounting Standards Board Statement No. 8 (read this and related legal terms for further details) when a foreign company's total monetary assets differ from its t......
72. Byzantium Early ByzantiumFor more information about this section, in the context of legal history, see the main entry in this legal encyclopedia. Later Byzantium to 1453For more information about this section, in the context of legal history, see the main entry in this legal encyclopedia. [...]...
73. Hard Money Hard Money (currency) in International Trade Meaning of Hard Money (currency), according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Currency of a nation having stability in the country and abroad. Refers to currency that is accepted internationally and freely convertible. [...]...
74. Electricité De Beyrouth Company Electricité de Beyrouth Company Embracing mainstream international law, this section on electricité de beyrouth company explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "electricité de beyrouth company" in the Parry [...]...
75. Nationality of Company Nationality of Company/corporation Embracing mainstream international law, this section on nationality of company/corporation explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "nationality of company/corporation" in the [...]...
76. Recognition As Nation Recognition as Nation Embracing mainstream international law, this section on recognition as nation explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "recognition as nation" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic [...]...
77. Aircraft Resources See Also Transport Transportation Means Transport Law Transport Contract...
78. Airline Resources See Also Transport Transportation Means Transport Law Transport Contract...
79. Airport Resources See Also Transport Transportation Means Transport Law Transport Contract...
80. Automobile Resources See Also Transport Transportation Means Transport Law Transport Contract...
81. Driver Resources See Also Transport Transportation Means Transport Law Transport Contract...
82. Road Resources See Also Transport Transportation Means Transport Law Transport Contract...
83. Train Resources See Also Transport Transportation Means Transport Law Transport Contract...
84. Truck Resources See Also Transport Transportation Means Transport Law Transport Contract...
85. Waterway Resources See Also Transport Transportation Means Transport Law Transport Contract...
86. Fiat Standard A monetary system in which the money in circulation is not redeemable in any other form of money (e.g., gold) but has value simply by virtue of its issuance by governmental authority.......
87. Aviation Law In International Law Aviation Law in International LawThe importance of modern aviation was recognized during World War II, when a conference was convened in Chicago in 1944 to discuss regulation of postwar international civil aviation. The resulting Chicago Convention of 1944 codified public international avia......
88. Multimodal Transport Operator Multimodal Transport Operator (MTO) in International Trade Meaning of Multimodal Transport Operator (MTO), according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A carrier who concludes multimodal transport contracts; i.e., contract involving transport by more than one mode of [...]...
89. Multinational Corporation Multinational Corporation in International Trade Meaning of Multinational Corporation (MNC), according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A large commercial organization with affiliates operating companies in a number of different countries. A typically one normally [...]...
90. Sister Company Sister Company in International Trade Meaning of Sister Company, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A sister company is a company with close affiliations to another company with a separate name and personnel. Both companies are owned by the same parent and [...]...
91. European Company European Company and Europe There is an entry on european company in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "European Company" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney Leach (Profile [...]...
92. Mode of Transportation Resources See Also International Trade Trade Regulation International Economic Law Export License International Trade Law Foreign Trade Safeguard Transport...
93. Motorcycle Resources See Also Transport Transportation Means Transport Law Transport Contract...
94. Agreement Relating to the "INTELSAT" 9 ContentsAgreement Relating to the “INTELSAT”ConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/s Agreement Relating to the “INTELSAT”   Article ... Read more...
95. Most referenced articles in Wikipedia about broad legal issues ContentsMost referenced articles in Wikipedia about broad legal issuesMost referenced articles in Wikipedia about broad legal issuesConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ... Read more...
96. 50 most visited country pages in Wikipedia in may 2012 Contents50 most visited country pages in Wikipedia in may 2012ConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these ... Read more...
97. Mongolia admitance in the EBRD Mongolia admitance in the EBRD Amendment to the Agreement Establishing the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development ContentsTitle of TreatyAbout ... Read more...
98. Monarco v. Lo Greco Monarco v. Lo Greco 1950 California Supreme Court • Castiglias purchased farm in California. Natale and Carmela tell Christie he ... Read more...
99. Montesquieu ContentsMontesquieuConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these Entries Montesquieu Montesquieu on this same subject as Fenelon ... Read more...
100. Montreal Protocol   Article 1: Definitions For the purposes of this Protocol: 1. "Convention"means the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer, adopted on 22 March 1985. 2. "Parties"means, unless the text otherwise indicates, Parties to this Protocol. 3. [...]...
101. Montreal Protocol 2 Contents Montreal Protocol ConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these Entries Montreal Protocol   Article 2A: ... Read more...
102. Montreal Protocol 3 Contents Montreal Protocol ConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/s Montreal Protocol   Article 2C: Other Fully Halogenated ... Read more...
103. Montreal Protocol 7 Contents Montreal Protocol ConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these Entries Montreal Protocol   Article 7: ... Read more...
104. Montreal Protocol 8 Contents Montreal Protocol ConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these Entries Montreal Protocol   Article 10: ... Read more...
105. Montreal Protocol 9 Contents Montreal Protocol ConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these Entries Montreal Protocol   Article 11: ... Read more...
106. Moralization of international politic and law ContentsMoralization of international politic and lawFurther readingConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these Entries Moralization of ... Read more...
107. Mozley and Whiteley’s Law Dictionary ContentsMozley and Whiteley’s Law DictionaryPreface to First Edition (1876) Preface to Second Edition (1904)Tenth Edition (1988)See AlsoConclusionNotesReferences and Further ReadingAbout ... Read more...
108. Merchant Marine Summary of Merchant Marine A nation's fleet of oceangoing commercial cargo and passenger vessels. In some nations these vessels may be owned and operated by instrumentalities of the government. For most of the major maritime nations, however, the vessels are privately owned and [...]...
109. Monetary Bloc A group of countries that have in common the use of a particular reserve asset. Traditionally, the U.S. dollar and the pound sterling have served as primary reserve assets for many nations, resulting in monetary blocs arising around the dollar or the pound.......
110. Monetary Compensatory Amounts Settlements between member states of the European Economic Community to reflect the market rate of currencies used in agricultural transactions and the periodically revised Green Rate (read this and related legal terms for f......
111. Monetary Reserves Precious metal, or foreign currencies convertible into metal, held by a national treasury or central bank as security for money in circulation.......
112. Monetary Unit The unit of account established by law in terms of which transactions are expressed. In the United States the monetary unit is the dollar, which, although no longer officially converted into gold, is tied to gold at the rate of $42.22 per fine ounce.......
113. Money Of Account The currency unit used in a particular country to record governmental and private transactions. In the United States the money of account is the dollar; in Britain it is the pound sterling.......
114. Money Value The value of a good or service expressed in units of the currency in use.......
115. Monobank A bank created when the banks of a nation are consolidated into a single institution. This consolidation occurred in the Soviet Union following the Revolution, and in certain other countries with centrally planned economies.......
116. Monopolistic Competition A condition in the marketplace wherein there are several producers of a product of a given class, but purchasers perceive differences in quality or value among the products of the various manufacturers, thereby according a unique character to each manufacturer's products. For example, there are ......
117. Montant De Soutien A plan devised by the European Economic Community in 1963 as the basis of agricultural trade negotiations during the Kennedy round. The plan is predicated upon a reference price for a given agricultural commodity; any imports below the reference price would incur a levy equal to the spread between t......
118. Montant Forfaitaire Also known as abattementforfaitaire, the amount by which members of the European Economic Community reduce levies on products imported from other EEC members, thereby ensuring a price advantage to Community products over imports from the outside.......
119. Moorsom Ton A unit of measurement consisting of one hundred cubic feet, used principally in connection with measuring vessels.......
120. Most Seriously Affected A description applied by the United Nations Special Fund to less developed countries whose balances of payments have been "most seriously affected" by the significant increase in the price of oil since 1973. The purpose of the fund is to provide financial assistance to the developing count......