Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. Adult Adult Illiteracy Rate (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Adult Illiteracy Rate means: _alculated as 100 minus the adult literacy rate. Mortality Rate, Adult (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Mortality Rate, Adult means: probability per 1,000 that a 15-year-old [...]...
2. Economic Growth Futureless Economic Growth (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Futureless Economic Growth means: Futureless growth that is accompanied by a waste of economic and natural resources needed to sustain life for future generations. Ruthless Economic Growth (in the Human Development [...]...
3. Endogenous Growth Endogenous Growth Theory (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Endogenous Growth Theory means: the new theory of economic growth (which was established in the 1990s) , based on special models. The major goal of endogenous growth models is to study of the impact of human capital on [...]...
4. Infant Mortality Rate, Infant (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Mortality Rate, Infant means: probability of dying between birth and exactly age 1, expressed per 1,000 live births. Resources See Also Educational Attainment Educational Level Secondary Education Tertiary Education...
5. Health Indicator Health Indicator (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Health Indicator means: a health indicator is a characteristic of an individual, population, or environment which is measured (directly or indirectly) and could be used to describe one or more aspects of the health based on [...]...
6. Voiceless Growth Economic Growth, Voiceless Growth (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Economic Growth, Voiceless Growth means: Economic growth that is not accompanied by expansion of democracy and empowerment....
7. Children Legitimacy of Children Introduction to Children Legitimacy of Children, being born of legally married parents." (1) The Children's Online Privacy Protection Act and the Electronic Commerce The Children's Online Privacy Protection Act in the Online Business Law Children Reaching [...]...
8. Health Expenditure Health Expenditure Per Capita (ppp Us$) (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Health Expenditure Per Capita (ppp Us$) means: the sum of public and private expenditure (in purchasing power parity terms in US dollars), divided by the mid-year population. Health expenditure includes [...]...
9. Labour Force Participation Labour Force Participation (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Labour Force Participation means: the percentage of the working-age population (ages 15 — 64) that actively engages in the labour market, by either working or actively looking for work.....
10. Development Assistance Official Development Assistance (oda) to Basic Social Services (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Official Development Assistance (oda) to Basic Social Services means: ODA directed to basic social services, which include basic education (primary education, early childhood [...]...
11. Health Promotion Health Promotion (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Health Promotion means: health promotion is the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve their health. Health promotion represents a comprehensive social and political process, it not only embraces [...]...
12. Unemployment Rate Unemployment Rate (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Unemployment Rate means: the unemployed divided by the labour force (those employed plus the unemployed)....
13. Demography Demography (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Demography means: science that studies the patterns of its population and development in the socio-historical implications; description of statistical data on age and sex composition of the population of the Earth, its regions and [...]...
14. Access to Health Care Access to Health Care (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Access to Health Care means: percentage of the population that can reach appropriate local health facility on foot or by local means of transport within an hour....
15. Health System Health System (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Health System means: _onsists of all actors, institutions and resources that undertake health activities whose primary purpose is to promote, restore or maintain health as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being. [...]...
16. Concept of Human Development Major Components _f the Concept of Human Development (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Major Components _f the Concept of Human Development means: Efficiency. People must be productive agents of the economy so that they possess the economic means to broaden their choices. [...]...
17. Development Development Research, Development Theories Further Reading A concise encyclopedia of the United Nations (including Development, H Volger, KA Annan -2010) The Oxford Handbook on the United Nations (TG Weiss - 2007) International Law: A Dictionary (including Development, Boczek, Boleslaw Adam [...]...
18. Health Determinants Determinants of Health (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Determinants of Health means: the range of personal, social, economic and environmental factors which determine the health status of individuals or populations....
19. Monetary Law Allocation of Powers and Jurisdiction in Monetary Law This section provides an overview of allocation of powers and jurisdiction in monetary law within the legal context of Law and Economics in Monetary Affairs in international economic law, with coverage of Monetary and Financial Regulation [...]...
20. Water Source Population Not Using Improved Water Source (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Population Not Using Improved Water Source means: _alculated as 100 minus the percentage of the population using an improved water source. Unimproved sources include vendors, bottled water, tanker [...]...
21. Urban Population Urban Population (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Urban Population means: refers to the de facto population living in areas classified as urban according to the criteria used by each area or country. Data refer to 1 July of the year indicated. See Population, total. Resources [...]...
22. Deprivation Deprivation (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Deprivation means: loss of economic fundamentals (food, shelter, etc.), social (health, education, etc.) and other benefits....
23. Microfinance Microfinance (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Microfinance means: the complex of financial products for low-income part of population aimed at facilitating their involvement into economic activity. This section provides an overview of microfinance within the legal context of [...]...
24. Density Physical Density (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Physical Density means: number of medical doctors (physicians), including generalist and specialist medical practitioners, expressed per 10,000 people....
25. IMF The International Monetary Fund, abbreviated as IMF, is an international organisation, at present counting 188 member countries, with the mission to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic [...]...
26. Adolescent Adolescent Fertility Rate (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Adolescent Fertility Rate means: number of births to woman ages 15-19, expressed per 1.000 women of the same age. Adolescents' Food Communication in Social Media - a Theoretical Inquiry of the Why and How, the Law [...]...
27. Psychological Health Psychological Health (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Psychological Health means: is characterized with the level and quality of thinking, development of attention and memory, level of an emotional stability and advancing of volitional qualities....
28. Environmental Safety Environmental Safety (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Environmental Safety means: Guaranteeing the prevention of environmentally significant natural or anthropogenic disasters; the extent to which preserve the health of the population from existing or expected environmental [...]...
29. Monetary Affairs Law and Economics in Monetary Affairs in International Economic Law In international economic law, law and economics in monetary affairs includes the following legal areas, with coverage in this world legal encyclopedia: li> Allocation of Powers and Jurisdiction in Monetary Law The Role of [...]...
30. Monetary Regulation Monetary and Financial Regulation This section provides an overview of monetary and financial regulation within the legal context of Monetary and Financial Regulation in international economic law (Main Regulatory Areas)....
31. Carbon Carbon Intensity of Growth (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Carbon Intensity of Growth means: Also known as the carbon intensity of the economy, refers to the amount of carbon dioxide generated by every dollar of growth in the world economy. It is the ratio of emitted CO2 to [...]...
32. Ecological Health Ecological Health Indicators (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Ecological Health Indicators means: _nvironment state, for example quality of water, air and the earth, pollution level et al....
33. Right to Health This section provides an overview of right to health within the legal context of International Economic Law and Human Rights in international economic law (Cross-Cutting Challenges). Resources Further Reading Tania Voon, "Right to Health," Elgar Encyclopedia of International [...]...
34. Income Poverty Line, Population Below Population Below Income Poverty Line (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Population Below Income Poverty Line means: percentage of the population living below the specified poverty line (PPP $1.25 a day and the national poverty line). The national poverty line is the poverty [...]...
35. Human Capital Summary of Human Capital An enrichment of the productive capacity of labor by means of specialized training and education.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Human Capital (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Human Capital means: is formed from investments in human [...]...
36. Degradation Degradation (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Degradation means: is a quantitative or qualitative deviation of something from its former state. The term is applicable to the components of the ecosystem (eg. D. of forest, D. of animal population of some areas), water bodies (eg, [...]...
37. Demografy Model of Demografic Transition (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Model of Demografic Transition means: is an empirical description of the dynamics of demographic change on the basis of fertility and mortality rates that occur as countries develop from pre-industrial to [...]...
38. Epidemiology Epidemiology (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Epidemiology means: _pidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of health-states or events in specified populations, and the application of this study to the control of health problems. Social epidemiology has [...]...
39. Literacy Rate, Youth Youth Literacy Rate (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Youth Literacy Rate means: the percentage of people aged 15 — 24 years who can, with understanding, both read and write a short, simple statement related to their everyday life....
40. Health Expenditure, Private Private Health Expenditure (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Private Health Expenditure means: direct household (out of pocket) spending, private insurance, spending by nonprofit institutions serving households and direct service payments by private corporations. Together with [...]...
41. Health Health The Legal History of Health This section provides an overview of Health Health (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Health means: is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity Most Popular Entries related to [...]...
42. Birth Life Expectancy at Birth (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Life Expectancy at Birth means: number of years a newborn infant could expect to live if prevailing patterns of age-specific mortality rates at the time of birth were to stay the same throughout the infant's life....
43. Mortality Rate Mortality Rate, Overall (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Mortality Rate, Overall means: is the annual number of deaths per 1,000 population....
44. Undernourishment Undernourished People (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Undernourished People means: people whose food intake is chronically insufficient to meet their minimum energy requirements....
45. Women's Health Women's Health in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): On September 14, 2011, Ambassador Donahoe delivered a statement at a Human Rights Council side event on applying a human rights-based approach [...]...
46. Mortality Ratio, Maternal Mortality Ratio, Maternal (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Mortality Ratio, Maternal means: the quotient between the number of maternal deaths in a given year and the number of live births in that same year, expressed per 100,000 live births, for a given country, territory, or [...]...
47. Renewable Energy Renewable Source (of Energy) (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Renewable Source (of Energy) means: natural resources, which stocks or recovered more quickly than is used or not depends on whether or not they are used as hydro, solar, wind, geothermal, hydraulic energy, the [...]...
48. Monetary Unit The unit of account established by law in terms of which transactions are expressed. In the United States the monetary unit is the dollar, which, although no longer officially converted into gold, is tied to gold at the rate of $42.22 per fine ounce.......
49. Schooling Expected Years of Schooling (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Expected Years of Schooling means: number of years of schooling that a child of school entrance age can expect to receive if prevailing patterns of age — specific enrolment rates were to stay the same throughout [...]...
50. Demographic Statistics Demographic Statistics (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Demographic Statistics means: area of socio-economic statistics dealing with the application of statistical methods for data collection, processing, presentation and analysis of data on the size, composition, distribution [...]...
51. Dependency Ratio Dependency Ratio (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Dependency Ratio means: ratio of the population ages 0-14 and ages 65 and older to the working - age population (ages 15-64), expressed as dependants per 100 people ages 15-64....
52. Ecosystem Ecosystem (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Ecosystem means: the system of interactions between living organisms and their environment. Resources See Also Economic Development Social development...
53. Human Development Human Development in United Nations Activities In this context, Human Development means: is the expansion of people's freedoms to live long, healthy and creative lives; to advanceother goals they have reason to value;and to engage actively in shaping development equitably and sustainably [...]...
54. Natural Resources Minerals Environment and Natural Resources Includes Acid Rain, Air Quality, Coal, Conservation, Energy, Fisheries, Forests, Hazardous Waste, Land Use, Resources, Oceanography, Oil Spills, Parks, Pesticides, Petroleum, Pollution, Recreation, Rivers, Solar Energy, Toxic Substances, Trails, [...]...
55. Wraparound Mortgage Real Estate meaning of Wraparound Mortgage In the words of the Encyclopedia of Real Estate Terms about Wraparound Mortgage : A special form of second or junior mortgage granted against security of a property that is already mortgaged, whereby a new mortgagee assumes (that is, takes over) the [...]...
56. Electrification Electrification Rates (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Electrification Rates means: indicate the number of people with electricity access as a percentage of the total population....
57. Monetary Compensatory Amounts Settlements between member states of the European Economic Community to reflect the market rate of currencies used in agricultural transactions and the periodically revised Green Rate (read this and related legal terms for f......
58. United Nations Economic and Social Council (ecosoc) United Nations Economic and Social Council (ecosoc) (in the Human Development Area) In this context, United Nations Economic and Social Council (ecosoc) means: of the United Nations constitutes one of the six (one is not active at the moment) principal organs of the United Nations and it is [...]...
59. Monetary Institutions Monetary Institutions in International Economic Law In international economic law, monetary institutions includes the following legal areas, with coverage in this world legal encyclopedia: li> International Monetary Fund (IMF) Central Banks Bank of International Settlements (BIS) [...]...
60. Women Women and the United Nations This general section provides an overview of the relationship of Women and the United Nations (UN). See, for example, the entry about the United Nations Development Fund For Women. The Legal History of Women This general section provides an overview of Women in [...]...
61. Inequality Human Development Index, Inequality-adjusted in United Nations Activities In this context, Human Development Index, Inequality-adjusted means: Human Development index value adjusted for inequalities in the three basic dimensions of human development: education, he_lth and profit. The IHDI [...]...
62. Vulnerability Vulnerability (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Vulnerability means: is the threat of deprivation in multiple dimensions that reduce core human capabilities below the threshold. Vulnerability is a human condition or process resulting from physical, social, economic and [...]...
63. World Bank World Bank and the World Bank Group Further Reading A concise encyclopedia of the United Nations (including World Bank , H Volger, KA Annan -2010) The Oxford Handbook on the United Nations (TG Weiss - 2007) International Law: A Dictionary (including World Bank , Boczek, Boleslaw Adam -2005) [...]...
64. Earned Income Earned Income (ppp Us$), Estimated (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Earned Income (ppp Us$), Estimated means: derived on the basis of the ratio of the female nonagricultural wage to the male nonagricultural wage, the female and male shares of the economically active population, [...]...
65. Infant Mortality Ratio Infant Mortality Ratio (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Infant Mortality Ratio means: indicator of the probability of death in the first year of life. Reflects the number of deaths per year among infants under one year per 1,000 live births....
66. Nonrenewable Resources Nonrenewable Resources (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Resources , Nonrenewable means: the natural resources, which self-restoration proceeds in thousands and million times more slowly than rate of their operation (e.g., soil resources)....
67. Monetary Unit of Account Embracing mainstream international law, this section on monetary unit of account explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "monetary unit of account" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of [...]...
68. Mortgage Introduction to Mortgage Mortgage, legal instrument that pledges a house or other real estate as security for repayment of a loan. By providing a guarantee that the loan will be paid back, a mortgage enables a person to buy property without having the funds to pay for it outright. If the [...]...
69. Birth Rate Resources See Also Population Population Planning Population Dynamics Population Structure...
70. Empowerment Women's Empowerment in Election Law Process by which women gain power and control over their own lives. It involves awareness-raising, self-confidence building, expansion of choices, increased access to and control over resources and actions to transform the structures and institutions [...]...
71. Fao Fao Fao (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Fao means: is a food and agriculture organization, founded in 1945. Covers questions of food resources and agricultural development in order to improve the lives of the peoples of the world. Embracing mainstream international law, this [...]...
72. Abortion The Legal History of Abortion in Hindu Law This section provides an overview of Abortion in Hindu Law In relation to the abortion and constitutional law, Radhika Rao[1] made the following observation: Abortion is commonly defined as the intentional termination of pregnancy with reasonable [...]...
73. Urbanization Urbanization (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Urbanization means: refers to a process in which an increasing proportion of an entire population lives in cities and the suburbs of cities. Historically, it has been closely connected with industrialization. Resources See Also [...]...
74. Mortgage Getting Mortgage Getting a MortgageIntroduction to Mortgage GettingA borrower can obtain a mortgage from a bank, credit union, or other lender. Most lenders require the borrower to have a certain amount of money to use as a down payment toward the purchase of the house. For example, if an ......
75. Security Spanish Translation of title and security and certificate This is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to title or security or certificate and / or a definition of this topic: Título (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry). In the United States For [...]...
76. Reproductive Health Reproductive Health (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Reproductive Health means: WHO's definition of health as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity, reproductive health addresses the reproductive [...]...
77. Green Economy Green Economy (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Green Economy means: as one that results in improved human well-being and social equity, while significantly reducing environmental risks and ecological scarcities. A green economy can be thought of as one which is low carbon, [...]...
78. Human Expenditure Human Expenditure Ratio (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Human Expenditure Ratio means: the percentage of national income devoted to human priority concerns....
79. Fiscal Policy Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Fiscal Policy) Ad Valorem Tax (sometimes, including Fiscal Policy) Alternative Minimum Tax (sometimes, including Fiscal Policy) Big Four (audit firms) (sometimes, including Fiscal Policy) [...]...
80. Monetary Approach A view held by one school of economics, that the rate of exchange between two currencies is determined by the relative supply and demand for those currencies.......
81. Sustainable Growth A rate of national economic growth, as measured in per capita real growth, national product, or per capita real income, that can be expected to continue over many years.......
82. Sustainability Sustainability in the Context of Peacemaking Definition of Sustainability published by the United Nations: Programme evaluation criterion that measures the durability or extent to which behavioral changes and peace outcomes will last, as well as the adaptability of these changes to conflict [...]...
83. European Monetary Union Meaning of European Monetary Union Here is a very short concept of european monetary union in the European Union framework: It is a common mistake that EMU means European monetary union. In fact the initials stand for Economic and Monetary Union, a more far-reaching goal. Resources Notas y [...]...
84. American Experience Table of Mortality Description of American Experience Table of Mortality In this reference work, american experience table of mortality is a sort of the Insurance category. Resources See Also Insurance...
85. Montreal Protocol   Article 1: Definitions For the purposes of this Protocol: 1. "Convention"means the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer, adopted on 22 March 1985. 2. "Parties"means, unless the text otherwise indicates, Parties to this Protocol. 3. [...]...
86. Monopoly Summary of Monopoly The condition in which a given product or service can be obtained only from a single supplier that is free to use its market position to exact excessive prices for the product or service it controls. The Sherman Act of 1890 makes monopolies and attempts to monopolize [...]...
87. Monetary Policy Monetary Policy (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Monetary Policy means: the complex of actions aiming to regulate the money supply in a country. By changing banking interest rate, or acting on open securities' market, a government either enlarges or diminishes inflow of [...]...
88. Motherhood Safe Motherhood (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Safe Motherhood means: aims at attaining optimal maternal and newborn health. It implies reduction of maternal mortality and morbidity and enhancement of the health of newborn infants through equitable access to primary health [...]...
89. Migration Migration Definition Migration may be defined as the movement of people, especially of whole groups, from one place, region, or country to another, particularly with the intention of making permanent settlement in a new location. See more definitions about migration in the law dictionary. [...]...
90. Most Seriously Affected A description applied by the United Nations Special Fund to less developed countries whose balances of payments have been "most seriously affected" by the significant increase in the price of oil since 1973. The purpose of the fund is to provide financial assistance to the developing count......
91. Multinational Corporation Multinational Corporation in International Trade Meaning of Multinational Corporation (MNC), according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A large commercial organization with affiliates operating companies in a number of different countries. A typically one normally [...]...
92. Contraceptive Contraceptive Prevalence Rate (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Contraceptive Prevalence Rate means: the percentage of women of reproductive age (15 - 49 years) who are using, or whose partners are using, any form of contraception, whether modern or traditional. Resources See [...]...
93. Depopulation Depopulation (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Depopulation means: is the reduction of population over time in a region's census Resources See Also Population Population Planning Population Dynamics Population Structure...
94. Fertility Fertility (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Fertility means: a woman's reproductive ability, ie the ability of women to bear children in the physiological period, called the fertile age. In demographic statistics taken from the fertile age 15 to 49 years. Total Fertility [...]...
95. Manufactured Exports Manufactured Exports (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Manufactured Exports means: defined according to the Standard International Trade Classification to include exports of chemicals, basic manufactures, machinery and transport equipment and other miscellaneous manufactured goods....
96. Maternal Mortality Ratio, Maternal Adjusted (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Mortality Ratio, Maternal Adjusted means: _aternal mortality ratio adjusted to account for well-documented problems of under reporting and misclassification of maternal deaths, as well as estimates for [...]...
97. Medicine Antimalarial Measures, Fevers Treated With Antimalarial Drugs (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Medicine means: the percentage of children under age five who were ill with fever in the two weeks before the survey and received antimalarial drugs. Antimalarial Measures, Use of [...]...
98. Morbidity Incidence Morbidity Incidence Rate, Women and Men (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Morbidity Incidence Rate, Women and Men means: the number of illness episodes suffered by all women (or men) aged 15 years and older in a given period expressed as a percentage of all women (or men) aged [...]...
99. Population Medium-variant Population Projection (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Medium-variant Population Projection means: _opulation projections by the United Nations Population Fund assuming medium-fertility path, normal mortality and normal international migration. Each assumption [...]...
100. Population Growth Annual Population Growth Rate (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Population Growth Rate (Annual) refers to the average annual exponential growth rate for the period indicated. More People It is true that a country can get into economic trouble if the number of elderly [...]...
101. Reproduction Reproduction of the Population (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Reproduction of the Population means: one of the main processes of reproduction of society - can be viewed as a combination of three types of "movement" of the population, "natural" (biology and [...]...
102. Morbidity Resources See Also Population Population Planning Population Dynamics Population Structure...
103. Education "The illiterate of the 21st century will not be those who cannot read and write, but those who cannot learn, unlearn, and relearn." -- Alvin Toffler See Education links History of Education In the following treatment of this subject, the theory and early history of education is [...]...
104. Montreal Protocol 4 Contents Montreal Protocol   Article 2E; 1,1,1-Trichlorethane (Methyl Chloroform) 1. Each Party shall ensure that for the twelve-month period commencing ... Read more...
105. Montreal Protocol 5 Contents Montreal Protocol Article 2G: Hydrobromofluorocarbons Each Party shall ensure that for the twelve-month period commencing on 1 January 1996, ... Read more...
106. Modern Legal Systems Cyclopedia Modern Legal Systems Cyclopedia The Modern Legal Systems Cyclopedia comprises introductions to the major legal systems in the world, with ... Read more...
107. Moys Classification and Thesaurus for Legal Materials Contents Moys Classification and Thesaurus for Legal Materials The Moys Classification Scheme is a system of library classification for legal ... Read more...
108. Basic Needs Summary of Basic Needs A code word for official development ASSISTANCE (read this legal term for further details) programs aimed toward the improvement of health care, education, nutrition, and like fundamental services in poorer nations. The basic needs concept has been criticized by some [...]...
109. Discrimination Summary of Discrimination Unequal treatment in the duties, quotas, or administrative controls accorded to the products of one or more nations. Generally speaking, any nation which does not enjoy most FAVORED NATION (read this and related legal terms for further details) status is the subject [...]...
110. Money Any unit or instrument generally accepted as having value to effect the purchase of goods or services, or to settle debts. All money enjoys three characteristics: (1) it is a unit of account in which values can be measured; (2) it is a medium of exchange; and (3) it is a store of value (i.e., a [...]...
111. Monopoly Profits An excess profit achieved by the monopolist as a result of monopolistic behavior. The effect is to make the marginal cost of production higher than necessary, thereby disrupting the allocation of resources through market forces.......
112. Moratorium An official suspension of foreign remittances, including commercial settlements, usually as a result of a chronic negative balance of payments.......
113. Parity In arbitrage usage, an equivalent value for two currencies; for example, the Bermuda dollar enjoys parity with the U.S. dollar (B$l = U.S.SI).......
114. Risk Management Summary of Risk Management The application of management techniques to identify, quantify, and respond to threats of loss or damage to a firm's assets. Such threats may arise from random events such as fire, explosion, theft, and acts of nature, or from the conscious efforts of external [...]...
115. International Atomic Energy Agency International Atomic Energy Agency Outline The IAEA was founded in 1957 as an agency of the UN. It is directly accountable to the General Assembly of the UN. Its main task is to prevent and monitor radiation hazards. Because of the potential abuse of atomic energy, the IAEA works closely with [...]...
116. International Monetary Fund International Monetary Fund Outline The UN Monetary and Financial Conference met in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, United States, from 1 to 20 July 1944. The Bretton Woods Agreement announced the establishment of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the International Bank for [...]...
117. Modern Cities Modern CitiesA notable trend of the 19th and 20th centuries has been the constant growth of urban communities at the expense of rural districts. City populations represent an increasing proportion of the total national populations not only in highly industrialized nations but also in agrari......
118. Age Introduction to Age A perpetrator's youth has long been a defense to criminal charges because children are deemed incapable of making rational decisions for which they should be held accountable. Under the common law, a child under 7 years of age is deemed too young to be criminally [...]...
119. Mortgage Repaying Mortgage Repaying a MortgageIntroduction to Mortgage RepayingMortgage payments consist of two parts: payments for interest and for principal. Interest is the fee for using the lender's money. Principal is the amount of the loan still owed. A portion of each payment pays interes......
120. Mortgage-Backed Obligation (Mbo) Also called mortgage-backed security (MBS) Real Estate meaning of Mortgage-Backed Obligation (Mbo)In the words of the Encyclopedia of Real Estate Terms about Mortgage-Backed Obligation (Mbo): An investment instrument that represents an undivided ownership interest in a group of mortgages. A [...]...