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1. Indicative Price Also known as the norm price, the Target Price (read this and related legal terms for further details) for producers of olive oil under the common agricultural policy (...
2. Target Price An important concept within the common agricultural policy (read this and related legal terms for further details) of the European Economic Community. It represents an optimum wholesale price within the community for a g......
3. Threshold Price A minimum import price for commodities established under the common Agricultural Policy (read this and related legal terms for further details) of the European Economic Community, set so as not to hamper sales of EEC pro......
4. Standard Price The target price (read this and related legal terms for further details) for tobacco under the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Economic Community.......
5. Orientation Price As used in conjunction with the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Economic Community it is the target price (read this and related legal terms for further details) for cattle and calves, i.e., the equilibrium pr......
6. Purchase Price Defined in 19 U.S.C. 162 as the price at which imported merchandise has been purchased, or will be purchased, prior to exportation. It is usually based on the ex factory price excluding any export duties levied in the country of manufacture. Within the framework of the European Economic Community......
7. Entry Price Under the common agriculture POLICY (read this and related legal terms for further details) of the European Economic Community, the price at which certain imported agricultural products enter EEC commerce. If the entry p......
8. Reference Price A mechanism of the Common Agricultural policy (read this and related legal terms for further details) of the European Economic Community designed to prevent disruptive import competition for certain vegetables, fruits, f......
9. Gate Price The minimum price at which pork, poultry, and eggs werw permitted to enter the European Economic Community under the common AGRICULTURAL POLICY (read this and related legal terms for further details) without imposition o......
10. Compensatory Tax A special import levy imposed by the European Economic Community upon certain agricultural imports when the entry price of such products falls below a reference, or minimum target, price and the import is priced so as to reflect an export subsidy. Compensatory taxes are institutionalized in the [...]...
11. Green Rate A special rate of exchange used in converting agricultural prices fixed in units of account into national currencies, within the framework of the Common Agricultural Policy (read this and related legal terms for further deta......
12. Base Price As used in conjunction with the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Economic Community, a trigger price for specific commodities at which member states will intervene to support the market price of a commodity. Member states may respond to a decline in market prices below the base price by la......
13. Supplementary Levy An additional tax that may be imposed upon imports of pork, poultry, or eggs into the European Economic Community when the purchase price of such items falls below the Gate Price ("https://lawin.org/list-of-international-trade-law-terms/">read this and related legal terms for [...]...
14. European Monetary Cooperation Fund The successor to the European payments Union (read this and related legal terms for further details), the EMCF was established by the European Monetary Agreement of 1958 as a vehicle to enhance monetary cooperation among......
15. Community Preference Summary of Community Preference A component principle of the Common Agricultural Policy (read this and related legal terms for further details) of the European Economic Community.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Community Preference and Europe There is an entry on community [...]...
16. European Economic Community Summary of European Economic Community One of the three components of the European Communities. In March 1957, the members of the European Coal and Steel Community (France, Federal Republic of Germany, Italy, and the Benelux countries) expanded the sphere of economic cooperation through the [...]...
17. Snake A medium for the stabilization of the exchange rates of European currencies. In October 1970 the Werner Plan addressed the adoption of a common European currency as a vehicle for the full economic and political integration of Europe. The demise of the bretton woods agreement (...
18. Restitutions Export and producer subsidies granted by the European Economic Community to EEC farmers and processors. The subsidies are a feature of the Common Agricultural Policy (read this and related legal terms for further details......
19. Normal Price Within the scope of the Brussels Definition Of Value (read this and related legal terms for further details), the value basis upon which ad valorem duties will be assessed on imports. The normal price is the price the go......
20. Organization For European Economic Cooperation Organization For European Economic Cooperation Summary of Organization For European Economic Cooperation A post-World War II organization established to coordinate the reconstruction of Europe. The OEEC arose in response to an Anglo-French declaration in 1947 calling for European [...]...
21. Economic Union Summary of Economic Union Also known as an economic community, an advanced form of economic integration on the part of several states. The economic union incorporates the features of a Common market (read this and related legal terms for further details)—unrestricted free trade among [...]...
22. Financial Solidarity A component principle of the Common Agricultural Policy (read this and related legal terms for further details) of the European Economic Community.......
23. Common Pricing A feature of the COMMON AGRICULTURAL policy (read this and related legal terms for further details) of the European Economic Community.......
24. Spot Price The price of a commodity in the Spot Market (read this and related legal terms for further details), i.e., the price quoted for immediate sale and delivery. ......
25. Variable Import Levy A duty applicable to imports of certain significant agricultural commodities into the European Economic Community. The Common Agricultural Policy (read this and related legal terms for further details). of the EEC specif......
26. Common Financing A feature of the Common Agricultural Policy (read this and related legal terms for further details) of the European Economic Community.......
27. Fecom The French acronym for the European Monetary Cooperation Fund. (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
28. Chicken War A protracted dispute between the United States and the European Economic Community arising from the adoption of Europe's COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY (read this and related legal terms for further details) on chicken i......
29. Cash Price The same as SPOT price (read this and related legal terms for further details), as used in grain transactions.......
30. Sale At Less Than Fair Value The sale of merchandise to a foreign purchaser at a price below the price that would be charged for a like sale in the home market. Such sales may serve as the basis for an allegation of Dumping (read this and related legal ......
31. General Agreements To Borrow An arrangement among the GROUP OF TEN (read this and related legal terms for further details) nations to provide supplemental financing to the International Monetary Fund (...
32. Montant Forfaitaire Also known as abattementforfaitaire, the amount by which members of the European Economic Community reduce levies on products imported from other EEC members, thereby ensuring a price advantage to Community products over imports from the outside.......
33. International Organizations Cross References International Organizations Cross-References International Organizations are Institutions which have membership from several states, and they are usually international in scope. ... Read more...
34. Group Of Ten Also known as the Paris Club, the ten principal trading nations. The group, consisting of the United States, Great Britain, Federal Republic of Germany, France, Japan, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, Canada, and Sweden, derived the name from a 1962 General Agreement to Borrow signed to make U.S. $6......
35. European Payments Union Summary of European Payments Union An intra-European mechanism for the periodic settlement of trade balances. The EPU was established July 1, 1950, among the members of the Organization for European Economic Cooperation (read this and related legal terms for further details) (OEEC) to [...]...
36. First Englargement The addition of Great Britain, Ireland, and Denmark in 1972 to the original six members (France, Federal Republic of Germany, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg) of the European Economic Community (read this and related......
37. Schuman Plan Summary of Schuman Plan A series of proposals for the pooling of European coal and steel resources as a vehicle for European economic recovery and integration, advanced by Robert Schuman of France in 1950. Schuman's plan was accepted by the governments of Belgium, Luxembourg, the [...]...
38. East- West Trade A general reference to trade between the industrial nations of the West, particularly those nations that are members of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development ("https://lawin.org/list-of-international-trade-law-terms/">read this and related legal terms for [...]...
39. Ordinary Course Of Trade A concept routinely applied in customs valuation that holds that the dutiable value of goods is the price at which they would normally sell if customary channels of distribution were observed. For example, where it was industry practice for a product to be sold directly by a manufacturer to an end u......
40. Fiat Money Currency that has value only because the state that issues it declares it to be legal tender; money that has no intrinsic value beyond the faith of the government that issues it. Paper money not freely exchangeable for gold or silver is fiat money. The term is often associated with regimes which ha......
41. Monetary Affairs Law and Economics in Monetary Affairs in International Economic Law In international economic law, law and economics in monetary affairs includes the following legal areas, with coverage in this world legal encyclopedia: li> Allocation of Powers and Jurisdiction in Monetary Law The Role of [...]...
42. Nominalism An economic viewpoint that asserts that MONEY (read this and related legal terms for further details) consists only of legal tender issued by governmental authority, as contrasted with more widely held views that would i......
43. Commodity Agreement Commodity Agreement and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Commodity Agreement: A formal international arrangement among exporters and importers of a commodity. Such [...]...
44. Central Rate Each currency affiliated with the EUROPEAN monetary system (read this and related legal terms for further details) is assigned a value in terms of the European currency unit (ECU). The central rate is the range within wh......
45. Additional Product Aid A feature of the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Economic Community, which provides price supports to EEC producers affected by import competition. The "community preference" mechanism of the CAP eliminates external competition for most items but does not respond for certain pro......
46. Constructed Price A value for customs purposes that ignores the invoice price of the merchandise but is derived by computing the cost inputs of the product (materials plus reasonable manufacturing expenses in the country of origin plus a profit factor), to which are added the normal costs associated with preparing th......
47. Devaluation Summary of Devaluation The official reduction of the value of a nation's money in relation to a standard (usually gold), special drawing rights, or the U.S. dollar. Inasmuch as all currencies are ultimately valued in terms of some standard, devaluation results in the conscious increase [...]...
48. Floor In the case of a variable rate loan (read this and related legal terms for further details), a prearranged minimum rate of interest that will be imposed, irrespective of how low the money market index falls.......
49. Resale Price Method Synonymous with Arm's Length Price (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
50. Other Holders Institutions other than central banks, national treasuries, and the International Monetary Fund itself that are approved by the IMF to hold Special Drawing Rights (read this and related legal terms for further details). ......
51. London Gold Pool An arrangement among certain European central banks and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York designed to maintain stability in the market price of gold in private transactions. The United States had been committed to buy and sell gold in official transactions at thirty-five dollars per ounce; a priv......
52. Nairobi Treaty On The Protection Of The Olympic Symbol An international agreement to protect the Olympic symbol against commercial use without the approval of the International Olympic Committee (IOC). The treaty specifies that adhering states will prohibit use of the Olympic symbol on goods or advertising or as a trademark except under license from th......
53. Monetary Law Allocation of Powers and Jurisdiction in Monetary Law This section provides an overview of allocation of powers and jurisdiction in monetary law within the legal context of Law and Economics in Monetary Affairs in international economic law, with coverage of Monetary and Financial Regulation [...]...
54. Artificial Currency Unit An international standard of value created by a multilateral agreement. An artificial currency unit (ACU) is not a currency in the conventional sense in that it cannot be used to settle private transactions. An ACU is given a value in terms of a basket of various national currencies in fixed or vari......
55. Liquidity Summary of Liquidity The quality of being convertible into monetary wealth; as relates to a given nation's economic condition, liquidity consists of that country's supply of gold, foreign exchange holdings, and Special drawing Rights (read this and related legal terms for further [...]...
56. Monetary Policies The Role of Law in Monetary Policies This section provides an overview of the role of law in monetary policies within the legal context of Law and Economics in Monetary Affairs in international economic law, with coverage of Monetary and Financial Regulation (Main Regulatory Areas). Monetary [...]...
57. Monetary Institutions Monetary Institutions in International Economic Law In international economic law, monetary institutions includes the following legal areas, with coverage in this world legal encyclopedia: li> International Monetary Fund (IMF) Central Banks Bank of International Settlements (BIS) [...]...
58. Brussels Definition Of Value A system for the valuation of imports for the application of ad valorem duties, adopted in 1953 following attempts to establish a European customs union. The European Customs Union Study Group submitted to the contracting states the Convention on the Valuation of Goods for Customs Purposes, along w......
59. Consumer Price Index Summary of Consumer Price Index An index of the retail price of four hundred consumer products and services, computed monthly by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Formerly known as the Cost of Living Index, the compilation includes retail price inputs of given items from many cities across [...]...
60. Adjusted Cif Price A factor in determining the variable import levy imposed by the European Economic Community on grain imports. The adjusted C.I.F. (cost, insurance, and freight) price is derived by assigning a quality factor to grain imported from non-EEC countries so as to put the import on a quality basis comparab......
61. Association of Southeast Asian Nations Association Of Southeast Asian Nations Summary of Association Of Southeast Asian Nations Commonly known by the acronyn ASEAN, a regional cooperation association concerned with the promotion of economic development and trade among the member states. The group was founded at Bangkok in 1967 [...]...
62. Commonwealth Preference Special preferential rates of duty applied by member states of the British Commonwealth on merchandise imported from other Commonwealth countries. In many cases, duties among Commonwealth members were totally abolished. The accession of Britain into the European Com-munities, coupled with the adopt......
63. Caricom Caricom Caricom in International Trade Meaning of Caricom, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The Caribbean Community Market (CARICOM) is an organization of 15 Caribbean nations established in 1973 whose main purposes are to promote economic integration and [...]...
64. Collective Reserve Unit An artificial currency unit proposed in 1965 by Valéry Giscard d'Estaing of France. The cru, as it was known, was to have been linked to gold to create international reserves. The GROUP OF ten (read this and relat......
65. European Monetary Union Meaning of European Monetary Union Here is a very short concept of european monetary union in the European Union framework: It is a common mistake that EMU means European monetary union. In fact the initials stand for Economic and Monetary Union, a more far-reaching goal. Resources Notas y [...]...
66. Fiduciary Currency A currency backed solely by the faith of the government that issues it. The term does not carry the negative import often associated with fiat money (read this and related legal terms for further details). See also Money......
67. Franchise A provision in a marine cargo policy that partial losses will be adjusted if the loss exceeds a certain percentage of the total value of the shipment. A clause providing "with average if amounting to 3 percent," for example, would oblige the underwriter to settle a partial-loss claim [...]...
68. Free Market The economic system of a nation in which market forces determine which goods and services are produced, and at what price they are offered. Free market economies do not contain substantial government controls on resource availability, price levels, or central planning of economic objectives.......
69. Monetary Committee Monetary Committee and Europe There is an entry on monetary committee in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Monetary Committee" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney Leach [...]...
70. Customary Quick Despatch A provision in a vessel charter agreement that the ship will be loaded or unloaded with all reasonable speed. By including a customary quick despatch (or CQD) clause in the contract, the parties need not specify LAYTIME (rea......
71. EMU EMU (Economic and Monetary Union) and Europe There is an entry on emu (economic and monetary union) in the European legal encyclopedia. EMU and the European Union Resources See Also Economic and Monetary Union Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "EMU (Economic and Monetary [...]...
72. Money Market Accounts Money Market Accounts regarding Banking Law This content deals with legal and regulatory aspects of Money Market Accounts covered in connexion with financial law and banking / lending Institutions....
73. Lome Conventions A series of trade and economic assistance agreements between the European Economic Community (read this and related legal terms for further details) and various developing nations, former colonies of EEC members. The Tr......
74. Visby Amendment A proposed revision to the Hague Agreement (read this and related legal terms for further details) of 1924 on the liability of ocean carriers for loss and damage to cargo. The Visby Amendment does not contemplate materia......
75. Fair Market Value The value an imported product would fetch, under similar circumstances of sale, were the goods sold in the country of origin. Customs authorities are usually interested in the fair market value of imported merchandise inasmuch as sales below such value may serve as the basis of a Dumping (...
76. International Patent Classification Agreement A system for the classification of patents, created to promote uniformity in classifying technological innovations. The International Patent Classification System segments technology into eight categories, with a total of 52,000 subdivisions, each of which consists of Roman letters and Arabic numer......
77. Mtn Valuation Code An agreement on valuation for customs purposes, more commonly known as the customs valuation agreement (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
78. Positive Concept Of Valuation An approach to the application of ad valorem duties that holds that duties should be applied upon the actual value of the transaction, as defined by buyer and seller. This view has been substantially fulfilled by the recent adoption of the transaction value basis of valuation in the Customs Valuatio......
79. Sliding Scale Tariff A customs tariff in which rates of DUTY (read this and related legal terms for further details) vary according to the price of a given import. Usually, as the price of the item declines, the duty is reduced. Duties may b......
80. Community Organizations Literature Review on Economic Development: Community Organizations In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Herbert J. Rubin offers the following summary about the topic of Economic Development in Community Organizations : To bring about equity in economic [...]...
81. Agency For International Development A component of the united states international DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION AGENCY (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
82. European Patent System A series of agreements among European states, the object of which is harmonized patent laws and regulations. The system includes the following agreements: European Patent Convention, also known as the Munich Patent Convention, and the Convention on Granting of European Patents, provides patent prot......
83. Group Of Twenty Group Of Twenty Summary of Group Of Twenty A committee established by the International Monetary Fund (read this and related legal terms for further details) to recommend reforms in the world monetary order. On July 26, 1972, the IMF adopted resolution 27-10, establishing the Committee on [...]...
84. Smithsonian Agreement A largely unsuccessful effort to revive the fixed exchange rate system established by the bretton woods agreement (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
85. Economic Community European Economic Community (EEC) and Europe There is an entry on european economic community (eec) in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "European Economic Community (EEC)" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from [...]...
86. Reconstitution A regulation of the International Monetary Fund (read this and related legal terms for further details) relating to the use of Special Drawing Rights (...
87. Trade Agreements Act Of 1979 An act of Congress implementing certain agreements negotiated under the Tokyo Round (read this and related legal terms for further details). The act replaced the Countervailing Duty Law and Antidumping Act of 1921 and ab......
88. Trademark Registration Treaty An international agreement which provides for the protection of trademarks in adhering states by means of a single international filing. The Trademark Registration Treaty (TRT) is similar in many respects to the Madrid AgreementConcerning The International Registration Of Marks (...
89. Central Banking Contents Central Banking Role of Central Banking The foremost monetary institution in a market economy is the central bank. These ... Read more...
90. Eurco A commercial version of the European Currency Unit (read this and related legal terms for further details). In order to stimulate interest in the European currency unit (ECU), in 1973 the European Investment Bank introdu......
91. Gold Sterilization A governmental policy to prevent the expansion of a nation's money supply by preventing the accumulation of gold. In the case of a nation on the Gold Standard (read this and related legal terms for further details), ......
92. Merchant's Contract In steamship usage, a Loyalty Agreement (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
93. Monetary Freedom Contents Monetary Freedom Introduction The Index of Economic Freedom The Index of Economic Freedom measures ten components of economic freedom, ... Read more...
94. Gold Tranche Position A drawing of foreign exchange from the international monetary FUND (read this and related legal terms for further details), by a member nation up to or equal with that country's gold on deposit with the IMF. In effec......
95. International Reserves Gold, hard currencies, and special drawing rights (read this and related legal terms for further details) issued by the international monetary fund (...
96. Mongolia admitance in the EBRD Mongolia admitance in the EBRD Amendment to the Agreement Establishing the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development Contents Title of ... Read more...
97. Modern Legal Systems Cyclopedia Modern Legal Systems Cyclopedia The Modern Legal Systems Cyclopedia comprises introductions to the major legal systems in the world, with ... Read more...
98. Mansholt Plan A series of programs, originally articulated by European Economic Community Commissioner Sicco Mansholt in 1968, for the development and harmonization of European agriculture. The objects of the programs were to ensure farmers' levels of income comparable to their counterparts in industry, as re......
99. Market-Oriented Distribution Center A product distribution center located close to the point of consumption rather than the point of manufacture. For example, an American manufacturer of a product sold in Europe might supply European customers from a (market-oriented) distribution center in Rotterdam, rather than directly from the U.S......
100. Minimum Import Price As used in conjunction with the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Economic Community, Gate price (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
101. Monetary Approach A view held by one school of economics, that the rate of exchange between two currencies is determined by the relative supply and demand for those currencies.......
102. Monetary Bloc A group of countries that have in common the use of a particular reserve asset. Traditionally, the U.S. dollar and the pound sterling have served as primary reserve assets for many nations, resulting in monetary blocs arising around the dollar or the pound.......
103. Monetary Compensatory Amounts Settlements between member states of the European Economic Community to reflect the market rate of currencies used in agricultural transactions and the periodically revised Green Rate (read this and related legal terms for f......
104. Monetary Unit The unit of account established by law in terms of which transactions are expressed. In the United States the monetary unit is the dollar, which, although no longer officially converted into gold, is tied to gold at the rate of $42.22 per fine ounce.......
105. Money Any unit or instrument generally accepted as having value to effect the purchase of goods or services, or to settle debts. All money enjoys three characteristics: (1) it is a unit of account in which values can be measured; (2) it is a medium of exchange; and (3) it is a store of value (i.e., a [...]...
106. Money At Call Also known as call money, a demand deposit in a British bank.......
107. Money Of Account The currency unit used in a particular country to record governmental and private transactions. In the United States the money of account is the dollar; in Britain it is the pound sterling.......
108. Money Value The value of a good or service expressed in units of the currency in use.......
109. Monobank A bank created when the banks of a nation are consolidated into a single institution. This consolidation occurred in the Soviet Union following the Revolution, and in certain other countries with centrally planned economies.......
110. Monopoly Summary of Monopoly The condition in which a given product or service can be obtained only from a single supplier that is free to use its market position to exact excessive prices for the product or service it controls. The Sherman Act of 1890 makes monopolies and attempts to monopolize [...]...
111. Monopoly Profits An excess profit achieved by the monopolist as a result of monopolistic behavior. The effect is to make the marginal cost of production higher than necessary, thereby disrupting the allocation of resources through market forces.......
112. Monopsony The condition in which there is a single buyer for a given product or service, although there may be many suppliers.......
113. Moorsom Ton A unit of measurement consisting of one hundred cubic feet, used principally in connection with measuring vessels.......
114. Moratorium An official suspension of foreign remittances, including commercial settlements, usually as a result of a chronic negative balance of payments.......
115. Most Seriously Affected A description applied by the United Nations Special Fund to less developed countries whose balances of payments have been "most seriously affected" by the significant increase in the price of oil since 1973. The purpose of the fund is to provide financial assistance to the developing count......
116. Mother Ship A long-haul vessel that serves only selected major ports directly, turning over its cargo for output to barges or smaller conveyances for delivery.......
117. Motor Ship A vessel that employs a marine diesel engine as its propulsion method. The fuel efficiency of diesel engines causes them to operate more cost effectively than steam turbine plants, which were used in earlier vessel designs.......
118. Moldova For an introduction to Moldovan law and legal materials, see Performing Legal Research: the Moldovan Experience by Mariana Harjevschi and Svetlana Andritchi. English translations of key Moldova laws are published in the Central & Eastern European Legal Materials series by Columbia [...]...
119. Movement Certificate Eur 1 Movement Certificate in International Trade Note: there is more information about this term in the European legal Encyclopedia. Meaning of Eur 1 Movement Certificate, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Goods transport certificate and proof of [...]...
120. Most referenced articles in Wikipedia about broad legal issues Contents Most referenced articles in Wikipedia about broad legal issues See also: 250 Top law pages in Wikipedia in may ... Read more...