Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. EMU EMU (Economic and Monetary Union) and Europe There is an entry on emu (economic and monetary union) in the European legal encyclopedia. EMU and the European Union Resources See Also Economic and Monetary Union Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "EMU (Economic and Monetary [...]...
2. Trade Union Meaning of European Trade Union Confederation (ETUC) Here is a very short concept of european trade union confederation (etuc) in the European Union framework: The principal trade union lobby group in Brussels. Resources See Also Civil Liberty Civil Right Legal Right Citizen Freedom Political [...]...
3. Werner Report A report on the subject of European integration, prepared by a committee under the leadership of Pierre Werner, prime minister of Luxembourg. The report, published in October 1970, urged full economic and monetary union within the European Economic Community as "a catalyst for the development o......
4. European Company European Company and Europe There is an entry on european company in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "European Company" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney Leach (Profile [...]...
5. ECU Ecu Summary of Ecu The European Monetary System is considered here.(Main Author: William J. Miller) ECU and International Trade Economy ECU (European Currency Unit) and Europe There is an entry on ecu (european currency unit) in the European legal encyclopedia. ECU and the [...]...
6. European Payments Union Summary of European Payments Union An intra-European mechanism for the periodic settlement of trade balances. The EPU was established July 1, 1950, among the members of the Organization for European Economic Cooperation (read this and related legal terms for further details) (OEEC) to [...]...
7. Strike Strike in the International Trade Union Rights Area Definition of Strike provided by ITUC-CSI-IGB: The most common form of industrial action, a strike is a concerted stoppage of work by employees for a limited period of time. Can assume a wide variety of forms. See general strike, intermittent [...]...
8. Bruges Speech Bruges Speech and Europe There is an entry on bruges speech in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Bruges Speech" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney Leach (Profile Books; London)...
9. Trade Agreements Commercial Treaties: Trade Agreements In addition to formal agreements between modern states having important economic ties with each other, less formal and durable agreements relate to such matters as tariff rates, navigation dues, customs formalities, air-transport clearance arrangements, [...]...
10. Trade Liberalization Introduction Trade liberalisation involves removing or reducing barriers to trade between different countries. One of the opposing forces that have shaped the changing pattern of world trade over the last 200 years was the promotion of free trade. The Relative Impact of Trade Liberalization [...]...
11. Trade Union Rights Resources See Also Civil Liberty Civil Right Legal Right Citizen Freedom Political Liberty Constitutional Right Political Right Freedom of Speech...
12. Religious Discrimination Resources See Also Civil Liberty Civil Right Legal Right Citizen Freedom Political Liberty Constitutional Right Political Right Freedom of Speech...
13. Economic Union Summary of Economic Union Also known as an economic community, an advanced form of economic integration on the part of several states. The economic union incorporates the features of a Common market (read this and related legal terms for further details)—unrestricted free trade among [...]...
14. Company Union Company union in the International Trade Union Rights Area Definition of Company union provided by ITUC-CSI-IGB: Can be used to describe either an enterprise union or a yellow union. Resources See Also Trade Unionism Trade Union Chartism Trade Union Legislation Resources Trade Union Topics [...]...
15. Fiscal Powers Fiscal and Monetary Powers of Congress in U.S. Constitutional Law A list of entries related to Fiscal and Monetary Powers of Congress may be found, under the Fiscal and Monetary Powers of Congress subject group, in the United States constitutional law platform of the American legal encyclopedia....
16. Social Rights In relation to the social rights and constitutional law, David Landau[1] made the following observation: Social rights are the rights of people to achieve their basic human needs. In domestic constitutional orders, common social rights include the right to healthcare (right to health), [...]...
17. Maastricht Treaty The Maastricht Treaty (a/k/a the "Treaty of Maastricht" or the "Treaty on Economic Union") created the Euro as Europe's single currency. The treaty was signed Feb. 1, 1992 and came into force Nov. 1, 1993, although the Euro didn't come into use until 1999. The Treaty is [...]...
18. Labor Mobility Labour Mobility This section provides an overview of labour mobility within the legal context of Labour Mobility in international economic law (Main Regulatory Areas). Labour Mobility in International Economic Law In international economic law, labour mobility includes the following legal [...]...
19. Economic Integration Summary of Economic Integration The process of unifying two or more national economies through conscious coordination of trade, fiscal, and monetary activities. Economic integration is normally preceded by the reduction or abolition of tariffs, quotas, and similar constraints upon trade [...]...
20. Fundamental Freedoms Entries related to Politic and Economic Freedom Freedom from government Fiscal freedom meaning Business freedom Monetary freedom Freedom of expression Freedom of association Freedom of movement Spanish Translation of fundamental freedoms of the European Unión [...]...
21. Group of Seven Group of Seven (G- 7) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Group of Seven (G- 7): The seven leading industrial countries of the world: the United States, Japan, Germany, France, the United [...]...
22. Constitutional Law (Disambiguation) ContentsConstitutional Law (Disambiguation)Constitutional LawSee Also Constitutional Law (Disambiguation) Constitutional Law See Constitutional Law Constitutional Law, system of fundamental principles on ... Read more...
23. European Economic Community Summary of European Economic Community One of the three components of the European Communities. In March 1957, the members of the European Coal and Steel Community (France, Federal Republic of Germany, Italy, and the Benelux countries) expanded the sphere of economic cooperation through the [...]...
24. CIS Economic Union CIS Economic Union in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of CIS Economic Union: A prospective customs union among most members of the Commonwealth of Independent States, intended to restore economic [...]...
25. Group Of Twenty Group Of Twenty Summary of Group Of Twenty A committee established by the International Monetary Fund (read this and related legal terms for further details) to recommend reforms in the world monetary order. On July 26, 1972, the IMF adopted resolution 27-10, establishing the Committee on [...]...
26. Censorship Problems Censorship Current Problems and TrendsIn the 20th century, as in all previous history, freedom from censorship has been the exception in the world. The rule has been, and continues to be, repression, suppression, and oppression. It may, however, be considered a sign of political and social ......
27. Efta Efta Efta in International Trade Meaning of Efta, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The European Free Trade Association is an intergovernmental organization set up for the promotion of free trade and economic integration to the benefit of its four Member [...]...
28. Right of Assembly Assembly In relation to the international law practice and Assembly in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: International Human Rights About this subject: Discrimination Under this topic, in the Encyclopedia, find out information on: Race Durban [...]...
29. Right to Information Resources See Also Civil Liberty Civil Right Legal Right Citizen Freedom Political Liberty Constitutional Right Political Right Freedom of Speech...
30. Treaty of Rome Treaty Of Rome Summary of Treaty Of Rome The document, signed at Rome in 1957 (effective January 1, 1958), by which the six founding states established the European Economic Community (read this and related legal terms for further details). (Main Author: William J. Miller) The Treaty of [...]...
31. Right to Privacy In relation to the right to privacy and constitutional law, Anna Jonsson Cornell[1] made the following observation: Since there is no theoretical or legal universally applicable umbrella concept of the right to privacy it is important how we structure our thinking around this particular [...]...
32. Central Banks European System of Central Banks (ESCB) and Europe There is an entry on european system of central banks (escb) in the European legal encyclopedia. This section provides an overview of central banks within the legal context of Monetary Institutions in international economic law, with coverage [...]...
33. Yo-Yo Effect A condition that arises under the rules of Financial Accounting Standards Board Statement No. 8 (read this and related legal terms for further details) when a foreign company's total monetary assets differ from its t......
34. Hate Speech In relation to the hate speech and constitutional law, Uladzislau Belavusau[1] made the following observation: 'Hate speech' consists of verbal or non-verbal communication that involves hostility directed towards particular social groups, most often on the grounds of race and [...]...
35. Christian Resources See Also Religion Freedom of Religion Morality Religious Law...
36. Economic Space European Economic Space and Europe There is an entry on european economic space in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "European Economic Space" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by [...]...
37. Economic Community European Economic Community (EEC) and Europe There is an entry on european economic community (eec) in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "European Economic Community (EEC)" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from [...]...
38. Monetary Approach A view held by one school of economics, that the rate of exchange between two currencies is determined by the relative supply and demand for those currencies.......
39. Monetary Bloc A group of countries that have in common the use of a particular reserve asset. Traditionally, the U.S. dollar and the pound sterling have served as primary reserve assets for many nations, resulting in monetary blocs arising around the dollar or the pound.......
40. International Monetary Fund International Monetary Fund Outline The UN Monetary and Financial Conference met in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, United States, from 1 to 20 July 1944. The Bretton Woods Agreement announced the establishment of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the International Bank for [...]...
41. International Monetary Regulation ContentsInternational Monetary RegulationResourcesSee AlsoFurther Reading International Monetary Regulation Resources See Also Foreign Policy Foreign Affairs International Relations Further Reading Adler, ... Read more...
42. Report To The Council And Commission On Economic And Monetary Union In The Community A report from 1970. See Werner Report Community.......
43. Fiscal Freedom ContentsFiscal FreedomIntroductionFiscal Freedom: How Tax Burden Affects Economic FreedomIndex of Economic FreedomTrade Freedom: Tariffs, Imports, Exports, and Economic FreedomEntries related ... Read more...
44. Business Freedom ContentsBusiness FreedomBusiness Freedom Index: Regulations on Starting & Operating a …Entries related to Politic and Economic Freedom Business Freedom Business ... Read more...
45. International Standards for Constitutional Religious Freedom Protections ContentsInternational Standards for Constitutional Religious Freedom ProtectionsFreedom of Religion or Belief is a Universal RightFreedom of Religion or Belief is ... Read more...
46. Monetary Law Allocation of Powers and Jurisdiction in Monetary Law This section provides an overview of allocation of powers and jurisdiction in monetary law within the legal context of Law and Economics in Monetary Affairs in international economic law, with coverage of Monetary and Financial Regulation [...]...
47. Depreciation (Monetary) A fall in the value of money. This fall may be reflected as (1) internal depreciation, a decline in the domestic buying power of money, as measured by standard indices— if it now costs $110 to buy what $100 would have bought a year ago, the dollar has depreciated by 9 percent (100 divided by 110) ......
48. Monetary Reserves Precious metal, or foreign currencies convertible into metal, held by a national treasury or central bank as security for money in circulation.......
49. Monetary Unit The unit of account established by law in terms of which transactions are expressed. In the United States the monetary unit is the dollar, which, although no longer officially converted into gold, is tied to gold at the rate of $42.22 per fine ounce.......
50. Monetary Policy Monetary Policy (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Monetary Policy means: the complex of actions aiming to regulate the money supply in a country. By changing banking interest rate, or acting on open securities' market, a government either enlarges or diminishes inflow of [...]...
51. Monetary Powers Fiscal and Monetary Powers of Congress in U.S. Constitutional Law A list of entries related to Fiscal and Monetary Powers of Congress may be found, under the Fiscal and Monetary Powers of Congress subject group, in the United States constitutional law platform of the American legal encyclopedia....
52. Non-Monetary Incentives Literature Review on (Management) Non-Monetary Incentives and Productivity In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Hedy L. Isaacs offers the following summary about the topic of (Management) Non-Monetary Incentives and Productivity: Non-monetary incentives refer [...]...
53. Monetary System European Monetary System (ems) and Europe There is an entry on european monetary system (ems) in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Public Finance Public Policy Tax Law Financial Regulation Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "European Monetary System (ems)" [...]...
54. Monetary Committee Monetary Committee and Europe There is an entry on monetary committee in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Monetary Committee" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney Leach [...]...
55. Monetary Policies The Role of Law in Monetary Policies This section provides an overview of the role of law in monetary policies within the legal context of Law and Economics in Monetary Affairs in international economic law, with coverage of Monetary and Financial Regulation (Main Regulatory Areas). Monetary [...]...
56. Monetary Affairs Law and Economics in Monetary Affairs in International Economic Law In international economic law, law and economics in monetary affairs includes the following legal areas, with coverage in this world legal encyclopedia: li> Allocation of Powers and Jurisdiction in Monetary Law The Role of [...]...
57. Monetary Regulation Monetary and Financial Regulation This section provides an overview of monetary and financial regulation within the legal context of Monetary and Financial Regulation in international economic law (Main Regulatory Areas)....
58. Monetary Institutions Monetary Institutions in International Economic Law In international economic law, monetary institutions includes the following legal areas, with coverage in this world legal encyclopedia: li> International Monetary Fund (IMF) Central Banks Bank of International Settlements (BIS) [...]...
59. Monetary Agreement Resources See Also Further Reading Information related to monetary agreement in the Max Planck Encyclopedia of International Law(MPEPIL), Germany, United Kingdom...
60. Monetary Relations Resources See Also Further Reading Information related to monetary relations in the Max Planck Encyclopedia of International Law(MPEPIL), Germany, United Kingdom...
61. Monetary Transfer Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance International Public Finance...
62. Monetary Union Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration...
63. Monetary Circulation Resources See Also Public Finance Public Policy Tax Law Financial Regulation...
64. European Monetary Cooperation Fund The successor to the European payments Union (read this and related legal terms for further details), the EMCF was established by the European Monetary Agreement of 1958 as a vehicle to enhance monetary cooperation among......
65. Monetary Compensatory Amounts Settlements between member states of the European Economic Community to reflect the market rate of currencies used in agricultural transactions and the periodically revised Green Rate (read this and related legal terms for f......
66. Monetary Unit of Account Embracing mainstream international law, this section on monetary unit of account explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "monetary unit of account" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of [...]...
67. Latin Monetary Union Latin Monetary Union and Europe There is an entry on latin monetary union in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Latin Monetary Union" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney [...]...
68. European Monetary Union Meaning of European Monetary Union Here is a very short concept of european monetary union in the European Union framework: It is a common mistake that EMU means European monetary union. In fact the initials stand for Economic and Monetary Union, a more far-reaching goal. Resources Notas y [...]...
69. European Economic and Monetary Union Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance International Public Finance...
70. International Monetary Reform Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance International Public Finance...
71. INTERNATIONAL MONETARY SYSTEM Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance International Public Finance...
72. West African Economic and Monetary Union West African Economic and Monetary Union or Union Economique et Monetaire Ouest africaine (UEMOA) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of West African Economic and Monetary Union or Union [...]...
73. Freedom Freedom and Faith Doctrine From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Freedom, Faith, Doctrine (1): The constitution in declaring the freedom of all men to worship God according to the dictates of their own consciences, does not give a church member the right to repudiate the [...]...
74. Freedom of Information Act Freedom of Information Act (to change) See Sunshine law (1966), law requiring that U.S. government agencies release their records to ... Read more...
75. Rights and Freedom Main source: Wenar, Leif, “Rights”, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2011 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = . ... Read more...
76. Freedom Restriction Communism: Features of Comunist States Restrictions on Individual FreedomAnother hallmark of communist states was the mandatory involvement of the mass of the population in political life. Most young people enrolled in party-controlled youth organizations, the entire labor force had to sign......
77. Freedom Of The Seas ResourcesSee AlsoBlockades; Civil War Diplomacy; The Continental System; Embargoes and Sanctions; International Law; Neutrality.Lusitania, Sinking of the; Rio de Janeiro Conference; Trent Affair.C. J. Hill, Introduction to the Carriage of Goods By Sea (1974)....
78. Freedom of Assembly Introduction to Freedom of Assembly Freedom of Assembly, the right of people to gather together peaceably. Freedom of assembly is related to freedom of religion and freedom of speech, as well as the right to petition (formally request) the government to change its policies. Together these [...]...
79. Freedom of Religion Introduction to Freedom of Religion Freedom of Religion, right of a person to form personal religious beliefs according to his or her own conscience and to give public expression to these beliefs in worship and teaching, restricted only by the requirements of public order. Religious liberty [...]...
80. Freedom of Speech Introduction to Freedom of Speech Freedom of Speech, freedom of expression, both oral and written, from governmental prior restraint, except as such expression constitutes libel, slander, obscenity, sedition, or criminal conduct such as bribery, perjury, or incitement to riot. In the U.S., [...]...
81. Freedom of the Press Introduction to Freedom of the Press Freedom of the Press, immunity of the communications media-including newspapers, books, magazines, radio, and television-from government control or censorship. Freedom of the press is regarded as fundamental to individual rights. Without free media, a free [...]...
82. Freedom of Establishment Spanish Translation of freedom of establishment This is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to freedom of establishment and / or a definition of this topic: Libertad de Establecimiento (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry). Freedom of Establishment and [...]...
83. Freedom of Services Spanish Translation of freedom of services for insurance intermediaries in the European Economic SpaceThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to freedom of services for insurance intermediaries in the European Economic Space and / or a definition of this topic: Libre [...]...
84. Freedom of Association Freedom of Association in Constitutional Law From the Comparative Constitutions Project: Freedom of association is the right to meet and interact freely, without the interference of the state or others. This is slightly different than freedom of assembly, because assembly refers to the ability [...]...
85. Freedom of Movement Freedom of Movement in Election Law All citizens, except those who are minors and other specific categories of people, have the liberty to travel alone, reside in any part of the state where they please, within the limits of respect for the liberty and rights of others, and to leave that state [...]...
86. Freedom of Information References See Also Administrative Law Freedom US Freedom of Information Act Case: American Civil Liberties Union v. US Department of Defense In relation to the international law practice and Freedom of Information Act Case: American Civil Liberties Union v. Department of Defense in this [...]...
87. Internet Freedom Internet Freedom in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): On June 10, 2011, the United States joined 39 other countries in a joint statement introduced by Sweden at the Human Rights Council on freedom of [...]...
88. Opportunity Freedom Opportunity Freedom (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Opportunity Freedom means: more freedom gives more opportunity to achieve those things that people value, and have reason to value. This aspect of freedom is concerned primarily with ability to achieve, rather than with the [...]...
89. Real Freedom Real Freedom (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Real Freedom means: In the concept of HD these are the freedoms associated with the potential life that people find worthwhile. Also describes the opportunities for people (_.Sen)....
90. Freedom of Overflight Freedom of Overflight—Ecuador in 2013 United States views on international law [1] in relation to Freedom of Overflight—Ecuador: On February 15, 2013, the Embassy of the United States of America in Quito, Ecuador delivered a diplomatic note to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, [...]...
91. Freedom of Trade Freedom of Trade and Commerce In relation to the freedom of trade and commerce and constitutional law, Gonzalo Villalta Puig[1] made the following observation: The freedom of trade and commerce is a constitutional norm that conceives the sale and purchase of goods and services among or [...]...
92. Academic Freedom Description of Academic Freedom Resources See Also Civil Liberty Civil Right Legal Right Citizen Freedom Political Liberty Constitutional Right Political Right Freedom of Speech Resources See Also Colleges Universities...
93. Religious Freedom Introduction This entry provides an overview of the legal framework of religious freedom, with a description of the most significant features of religious freedom at international level. Related Work and Conclusions Resources See Also Civil Liberty Civil Right Legal Right Citizen Freedom [...]...
94. Freedom From Torture Resources See Also Civil Liberty Civil Right Legal Right Citizen Freedom Political Liberty Constitutional Right Political Right Freedom of Speech...
95. Freedom of Thought Resources See Also Civil Liberty Civil Right Legal Right Citizen Freedom Political Liberty Constitutional Right Political Right Freedom of Speech...
96. Freedom to Travel Resources See Also Civil Liberty Civil Right Legal Right Citizen Freedom Political Liberty Constitutional Right Political Right Freedom of Speech...
97. Convention Concerning Freedom of Association ContentsConvention Concerning Freedom of AssociationConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these Entries Convention Concerning Freedom of ... Read more...
98. Freedom of Assembly Principle Freedom of Assembly Origin of the PrincipleIntroduction to Freedom of Assembly PrincipleIn 1215 a group of barons persuaded King John of England to sign the Magna Carta, a document designed to spell out the proper relationship between a king and his subjects. The process of having ......
99. Freedom of Speech History Introduction to Freedom of Speech HistoryThe modern concept of freedom of speech emerged gradually during the struggles of the Middle Ages. In England, for example, the struggle for freedom of speech extended from the 16th through the 18th centuries and was a vital part of the larger strugg......
100. Freedom of Speech Limits Introduction to Freedom of Speech LimitsAs with other forms and modes of liberty, completely unrestricted freedom of expression leads to infringement on the rights of others, and it has long been recognized that restraints on liberty of utterance are necessary and inevitable. The nature and......
101. Freedom of the Press Limitations Introduction to Freedom of the Press LimitationsFreedom of the press, however, is not absolute. The principle has long been established that the press may not be used in circumstances that would create a "clear and present danger" of bringing about serious consequences to some sig......
102. Freedom of the Seas History Introduction to Freedom of the Seas HistoryDuring the Middle Ages, freedom of navigation on the high seas was curtailed by maritime powers that asserted territorial sovereignty over various bodies of water. Challenges by other countries to such claims increased markedly during the 16th and ......
103. Crimes Against Freedom At Work Spanish Translation of crimes against freedom at workThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to crimes against freedom at work and / or a definition of this topic: Delitos Contra la Libertad en el Trabajo (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry)....
104. Area of Freedom, Security and Justice Area of freedom, security and justice and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Area of freedom, security and justice provided by the European Union Commission: It was decided to establish an area of freedom, security and justice, the aim being to ensure genuine freedom of movement [...]...
105. Freedom of Expression Protection Other Issues Relating to Protecting Freedom Expression While Countering Racism or Intolerance in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): The United States supports many elements of this resolution. We join [...]...
106. Freedom of Speech and of the Press References See Also Constitutional Law Individual Rights Freedom of Speech Press Media Law...
107. International Religious Freedom Annual Report on International Religious Freedom in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): On September 13, 2011, the Department of State released a Report on International Religious Freedom, covering the [...]...
108. International Religious Freedom Designations Designations Under the International Religious Freedom Act in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): On August 18, 2011, the Secretary Clinton redesignated Burma, China, Eritrea, Iran, North Korea, Saudi [...]...
109. Religious Freedom Legislation Designations Under the International Religious Freedom Act In relation to the international law practice and Designations Under the International Religious Freedom Act in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: International Human Rights About this subject: [...]...
110. Right of Access and Freedom of Transit Embracing mainstream international law, this section on right of access and freedom of transit explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "right of access and freedom of transit" in the Parry and Grant [...]...
111. Freedom of Political Opinion Resources See Also Civil Liberty Civil Right Legal Right Citizen Freedom Political Liberty Constitutional Right Political Right Freedom of Speech...
112. Freedom From Inhuman Treatment Resources See Also Social Problem Crime Delinquency Juvenile Delinquency Delinquent Social Issues Crime Prevention...
113. Monetary Damages When Monetary Damages Are Inadequate: Main Elements The coverage of When Monetary Damages Are Inadequate includes the following element(s): Other Remedies for Breach of Contract For detailed information on this issue, please read the corresponding entry. References See Also Contracts (in [...]...
114. Central Monetary Institutions The principal agencies of government responsible for a nation's international financial affairs, particularly in exchange rate or balance of payments matters. The central monetary institutions usually consist of the ministry of finance and the central bank, or another exchange control agency.......
115. European Monetary System Summary of European Monetary System A mechanism established by the European Communities to mitigate exchange rate fluctuations among the members and establish a zone of "monetary stability in Europe."The EMS is, in part, a fulfillment of the 1970 Werner Report (read this and [...]...
116. Monetary Gold Case Embracing mainstream international law, this section on monetary gold case explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "monetary gold case" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law [...]...
117. European Monetary Institute European Monetary Institute (emi) and Europe There is an entry on european monetary institute (emi) in the European legal encyclopedia. European Monetary Institute and the European Union Resources See Also EMI Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "European Monetary Institute [...]...
118. Economic and Monetary Union Economic and Monetary Union and the European Union Resources See Also EMU...
119. Freedom of Art In relation to the freedom of art and constitutional law, Eleni Polymenopoulou[1] made the following observation: 1 Freedom and artistic creation are intrinsically linked: 'The essence of artistic endeavour lies in the free creative process whereby the artist, in his chosen [...]...
120. Right to Freedom In relation to the right to freedom and constitutional law, Fernando Simón Yarza[1] made the following observation: Understood as a political principle, the right to freedom constitutes one of the pillars of the constitutional state, not to say its cornerstone. Certainly all the [...]...