Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. Insolvency The Legal History of InsolvencyThis section provides an overview of Insolvency ResourcesSee AlsoLegal Biography Legal Traditions Historical Laws History of Law Further Reading Insolvency in the Oxford International Encyclopedia of Legal History (Oxford University Press) The Oxford Encyclopedia [...]...
2. Lot Two-Family Lot, Control From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Two-Family Lot, Control (1): Where a lot is owned jointly by two families, one burying in the north half and the other in the south half, the family burying in the north half can not prevent the burial of a [...]...
3. Impediments Marriage, Impediments, Recording From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Marriage, Impediments, Recording (1): Legal marriage may be contracted only between unmarried persons not related within the prohibited degrees of consanguinity or affinity, of lawful age and sufficient [...]...
4. Church Records Marriage, Death, Baptism, Birth, Church Records From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Marriage, Death, Baptism, Birth, Church Records (1): The church records duly kept in accordance with the discipline of the church, are admissible in evidence to prove marriage, death, and [...]...
5. Natural Justice Rome, Natural Justice From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Rome, Natural Justice (1): Prior to the introduction of Grecian law into Rome, the laws of that nation were pagan. Grecian law from its introduction to the time of Octavius was the civilizing element of the empire. [...]...
6. Hindu Joint Family The Legal History of Hindu Joint FamilyThis section provides an overview of Hindu Joint Family ResourcesSee AlsoLegal Biography Legal Traditions Historical Laws History of Law Further Reading Hindu Joint Family in the Oxford International Encyclopedia of Legal History (Oxford University Press) [...]...
7. Legitimatized From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Legitimatized (1): And when under a statute a child is legitimatized by acknowledgment or subsequent marriage, the father has the better right to its custody.644Usually there are many provisions in the statutes of the various States [...]...
8. Rights The Legal History of Fundamental Rights This section provides an overview of Fundamental Rights Rights, Duties, Body, Will From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Rights, Duties, Body, Will (1): While there is no property in a dead body so that it may be sold, there are [...]...
9. Access Access, Purposes From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Access, Purposes (1): Title to a cemetery lot gives the right of access to it for the usual purposes, including putting up monuments.782 Description of Access In this reference work, access is a sort of the Family law [...]...
10. Worship The Legal History of Worship in Islamic LawThis section provides an overview of Worship in Islamic Law ResourcesSee AlsoLegal Biography Legal Traditions Historical Laws History of Law Further Reading Worship in Islamic Law in the Oxford International Encyclopedia of Legal History (Oxford [...]...
11. Subsequent Constitution, Subsequent Laws From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Constitution, Subsequent Laws (1): An ecclesiastical society formed before the adoption of the state constitution is not by that constitution and subsequent laws concerning religious societies divested of [...]...
12. By-laws By-Laws By-Laws From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about By-Laws (1): By-laws of the different religious organizations differ widely, from the decrees of the great councils of the Catholic Church down to the vote of the congregation of an independent denomination. By-Laws, [...]...
13. Usage By-Laws, Usage From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about By-Laws, Usage (1): If there is no law of a religious society determining the mode of conducting an election, the corporation may provide by-laws therefor; and if the corporation should fail to make such by-laws, a long [...]...
14. Legal Notice Notice, Legal From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Notice, Legal (1): All the proceedings of a corporation, including notice, must be in accordance with the constitution and by-laws, and no business transacted contrary thereto is legal.129 Resources Notes and References [...]...
15. Attainder Attainder, in former English law, penalty following judgment of outlawry or sentence of death for treason or felony. Attainder required the forfeiture of the property of a condemned person and of the person's civil rights to inherit or transmit property to an heir, a condition known as [...]...
16. Overview The Legal History of OverviewThis section provides an overview of Overview ResourcesSee AlsoLegal Biography Legal Traditions Historical Laws History of Law Further Reading Overview in the Oxford International Encyclopedia of Legal History (Oxford University Press) The Oxford Encyclopedia of [...]...
17. Charter By-Laws Charter, By-Laws From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Charter, By-Laws (1): When the charter or by-laws of a church corporation provide that they may be altered, such changes may, after the execution and delivery of a deed, immediately adhere to the title.460 Resources [...]...
18. Hand Vote Ballot, Hand Vote From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Ballot, Hand Vote (1): The vote of a religious society at an annual meeting for the election of officers that the officers shall always be chosen by ballot, does not vitiate an election of officers by hand vote at a [...]...
19. Manus The Legal History of ManusThis section provides an overview of Manus ResourcesSee AlsoLegal Biography Legal Traditions Historical Laws History of Law Further Reading Manus in the Oxford International Encyclopedia of Legal History (Oxford University Press) The Oxford Encyclopedia of American [...]...
20. Error Introduction to Error Error, act, assertion, or function that unintentionally deviates from what is correct, right, or true." (1) From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Error (1): A clerical error in the name of the grantee will not make a deed void. However, when such [...]...
21. Philosophical Foundations From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Philosophical Foundations (1): The laws of Greece, down to the time of Plato, were thoroughly pagan. But, following the philosophical foundations laid by Plato and Aristotle, unintentionally and unwittingly the laws of Greece became [...]...
22. Family Planning Family Planning (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Family Planning means: implies the ability of individuals and couples to anticipate and attain their desired number of children and the spacing and timing of their births. FP is achieved through contraception capable of [...]...
23. Sale Restrictions Sale, Restrictions From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Sale, Restrictions (1): In some States when not restricted by the laws of the organization the parish corporation may sell the premises in order to pay the church debts. However, it is not a common law right.467 [...]...
24. Standard Doctrine, Standard From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Doctrine, Standard (1): To ascertain the tenets and doctrines of a church, resort must be had to history and to prior and contemporary standard writings of its members on theology.31 Resources Notes and References [...]...
25. Incest Criminal Law: Crimes Against Sexual Morality: IncestIntroduction to IncestThe statutory crime of incest consists of either cohabitation or sexual intercourse between closely related persons, such as between parent and child or between siblings. Jurisdictions vary in their definitio......
26. Jurisdiction Privileges Jurisdiction, Privileges From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Jurisdiction, Privileges (1): It is usual for every fraternity to have a tribunal of its own for the trial of members who break its laws or violate its discipline. Within their jurisdiction, the laws of the [...]...
27. Presumptions Presumptions, Usage From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Presumptions, Usage (1): The usage of a church or the laws of its organization as a religious society, if they are to be considered in deciding legal controversies, must be proved as facts.407 In the absence of [...]...
28. Family Size Resources See Also Marriage Common Law Marriage Marriage License Voidable Marriage Family...
29. One Parent Family Resources See Also Marriage Common Law Marriage Marriage License Voidable Marriage Family...
30. Corpse Introduction to Corpse Corpse, a cadaver. Resources Notes and References Information about Corpse in the Encarta Online Encyclopedia Guide to Corp......
31. Parishioner From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Parishioner (1): A parishioner must be defined in harmony with the meaning of the word "parish."53 Resources Notes and References Charles M. Scanlan, The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law. The Law of Church and Grave [...]...
32. Stipulation The Legal History of StipulationThis section provides an overview of Stipulation ResourcesSee AlsoLegal Biography Legal Traditions Historical Laws History of Law Further Reading Stipulation in the Oxford International Encyclopedia of Legal History (Oxford University Press) The Oxford [...]...
33. Ground Charter, Ground, Members From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Charter, Ground, Members (1): An application for a charter to incorporate a cemetery need not specifically locate the ground.761 The charter or the articles of incorporation, or by-laws made under them, [...]...
34. Sacraments From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Sacraments (1): To publish of a person that he has been deprived of the sacraments of the church to which he belongs, is libelous.692 Resources Notes and References Charles M. Scanlan, The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law. The Law [...]...
35. Family Law Contents of Family Law Contents of this subject matter include: Historical background, Constitutional factors and current issues Domestic relationships – marriage and non-marriage, recognition of adult relationships Family Dispute Resolution processes; the collaborative family lawyer [...]...
36. Confession Confession Confession (theology), in Jewish and Christian theology, acknowledgment of sins to God in order to obtain absolution. The need for confession is mentioned frequently in the Bible, especially in the exhortations of the prophets. In Judaism, Yom Kippur is a day of fasting, confession, [...]...
37. Curate Curate, Services From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Curate, Services (1): In an action by a curate against a religious corporation for personal services, the court will not inquire into the spiritual relations existing between the parties, but will examine their legal [...]...
38. Personalty Church, Personalty From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Church, Personalty (1): A church removed from its foundation and put on rollers was severed from the realty and became personal property.531 Resources Notes and References Charles M. Scanlan, The Clergyman's [...]...
39. Proper Record From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Proper Record (1): A book kept by a minister, which contained a regular statement in proper form of the admission of members, choice of officers, and transaction of business of the church, which was the only book kept by the parish, is [...]...
40. Religious Service Business, Religious Service From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Business, Religious Service (1): A church organization has the legal right to make any contract concerning its own affairs that is not prohibited by its by-laws or its charter, subject to all laws of legal [...]...
41. Trees Trees, Authority From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Trees, Authority (1): It is a criminal offense to cut trees in a cemetery without right or authority.828 Resources Notes and References Charles M. Scanlan, The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law. The Law of Church [...]...
42. Unincorporated Church Unincorporated Church, Incorporated From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Unincorporated Church, Incorporated (1): The officers of an unincorporated church can only be elected by the members of the church, unless there is some law of the State or rule of the church that [...]...
43. Appeal Appeal, in law, request to a higher court to reverse the decision made by a lower court. The party who won the decision in the lower court is called the appellee; the party appealing the decision is called the appellant. Except in unusual cases, the appellate court may only review questions [...]...
44. Monopolies The Legal History of MonopoliesThis section provides an overview of Monopolies ResourcesSee AlsoLegal Biography Legal Traditions Historical Laws History of Law Further Reading Monopolies in the Oxford International Encyclopedia of Legal History (Oxford University Press) The Oxford Encyclopedia [...]...
45. Chastisement Chastisement, Cruel From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Chastisement, Cruel (1): The chastisement of a scholar by the schoolmaster must not be excessive or cruel, but it should be reasonably proportioned to the offense and within the bounds of moderation.632 Resources [...]...
46. Lots Subscription, Lots From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Subscription, Lots (1): Any one may convey title to a church as his part of the subscription by merely marking it on a plat made by him, as lots donated to such church.463 Resources Notes and References Charles [...]...
47. Name Change Name, Change From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Name, Change (1): The name of an ecclesiastical corporation is arbitrary and a change or alteration in its name does not affect its identity.126 A charter will not be granted to a church with a name so like another church [...]...
48. Negroes Negroes, Indians From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Negroes, Indians (1): The fact that a man is a negro, Indian, or other racial human being, is not good ground to prevent his burial in a cemetery.803 Resources Notes and References Charles M. Scanlan, The [...]...
49. Pew Members Members, Pew From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Members, Pew (1): Members of the congregation may be required to pay for a pew or sitting in the church, and where a priest ejected a member from the church because he would not rent a pew, he was sustained by the [...]...
50. Secular Local, Secular Matters From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Local, Secular Matters (1): There is still another division of superior and inferior authority: the local corporation or congregation has nothing whatever to do with the doctrinal or disciplinary functions of the [...]...
51. Special Law Special Law, General Laws From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Special Law, General Laws (1): In most of the States there is a special law under which congregations may be incorporated. New York is a good example.111 Where such law does not exist, the congregation may be [...]...
52. Y M C A From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Y M C A (1): The Y. M. C. A. on account of giving lunches, lectures, and having a gymnasium, for which charges are made, is not a charitable institution so as to be exempt from liability in case of negligence. Property is exempt only [...]...
53. Same-sex Marriage and Civil Union Same-Sex Marriage and Civil Union References See Also Marriage Family Marriage...
54. Common Law Marriage References See Also Marriage Family Marriage Introduction This entry provides an overview of the legal framework of common law marriage, with a description of the most significant features of common law marriage at international level. Related Work and Conclusions Resources See Also [...]...
55. Marriage and the Family Marriage and the Family: Summary In this entry, Marriage and the Family covers: Marriage Common Law Marriage Child Custody and Support Same-Sex Marriage and Civil Union Visitation Illegitimacy Divorce Reproductive Rights Alimony...
56. Annulment Of Marriage Annulment of MarriageAnnulment of Marriage, in law, the determination by a court that a supposed marriage was never legally valid. Annulment, also called nullity of marriage, is distinguished from divorce, which is the action of a court in terminating a valid marriage.Marriages subj......
57. Nullity of Marriage Resources See Also Annulment...
58. Consensual Marriage Resources See Also Common-law marriage...
59. Same-sex Marriage Resources See Also Marriage Family Marriage...
60. Muslim Marriage Contents Muslim Marriage Note: The information is mostly drawn from two publications which are based on research by local legal ... Read more...
61. Islamic Marriage Islamic Marriage There are no obstacles that prevent Muslims in Europe or America from having an Islamic marriage, a contract ... Read more...
62. Muslim Marriage Contract Contents Muslim Marriage Contract Note: The information is mostly drawn from two publications which are based on research by local ... Read more...
63. International Encyclopedia of Marriage and Family Contents International Encyclopedia of Marriage and Family Bibliographic Details Publisher: Macmillan Reference USA Copyright: 2002 (2nd edition (November 27, 2002) ... Read more...
64. Divorce in the Muslim Marriage Contract Divorce in the Muslim Marriage Contract Note: The information is mostly drawn from two publications which are based on research ... Read more...
65. Dissolution of Marriage Introduction to Dissolution of MarriageDissolution of Marriage, termination of legal union as husband and wife." (1)ResourcesNotes and ReferencesInformation about ...
66. Manumission The Legal History of ManumissionThis section provides an overview of Manumission ResourcesSee AlsoLegal Biography Legal Traditions Historical Laws History of Law Further Reading Manumission in the Oxford International Encyclopedia of Legal History (Oxford University Press) The Oxford [...]...
67. Mail Mail, Obscene Language From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Mail, Obscene Language (1): Under the United States postal laws against sending "obscene, lewd or lascivious" books or papers through the mail, a person can not be convicted without proof that the [...]...
68. Adoption Adoption, procedure by which people legally assume the role of parents for a person who is not their biological child. Adopted children become full members of their adopted family and have the same legal status as biological children. Although the majority of people who adopt are married [...]...
69. Consent Consent, giving assent or approval. Consent implies a reasoned response to a proposal and is necessary to any type of agreement. Submission to the will of another where further protest or discussion is useless, such as in the case of threats, force, or violence, does not constitute consent. [...]...
70. Constitutional Law Introduction to Constitutional Law Constitutional Law, system of fundamental principles on the organization of a country's government and the limitations of its powers. In the United States, constitutional law refers to legal rights that are directly addressed in the Constitution of the [...]...
71. Divorce Introduction to Divorce Divorce, or dissolution, as it is increasingly becoming known, a legislatively created, judicially administered process that legally terminates a marriage no longer considered viable by one or both of the spouses and that permits both to remarry. Until the divorce [...]...
72. Mortgage Introduction to Mortgage Mortgage, legal instrument that pledges a house or other real estate as security for repayment of a loan. By providing a guarantee that the loan will be paid back, a mortgage enables a person to buy property without having the funds to pay for it outright. If the [...]...
73. Nationality Introduction to Nationality Nationality, in law, condition or status of belonging to, or having legal identity with, a nation or state. In various political systems a distinction is made between nationality and citizenship; the latter represents a higher political status, usually involving [...]...
74. Prostitution Criminal Law: Crimes Against Sexual Morality: Prostitution Introduction to Prostitution The crime of prostitution involves the exchange of sexual contact or favors for money or its equivalent. The crime of pandering involves the promotion of prostitution by enticing or procuring persons to [...]...
75. Canon Law Orthodox ChurchesFor more information about this section, in the context of legal history, see the main entry in this legal encyclopedia. Protestant ChurchesFor more information about this section, in the context of legal history, see the main entry in this legal encyclopedia. The [...]...
76. Donation The Legal History of Donation (Gift) This section provides an overview of Donation (Gift) Donation, Hostile, Religion From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Donation, Hostile, Religion (1): On the other hand the United States Supreme Court declared the legal right of donees [...]...
77. Gambling The Legal History of Gambling in Chinese Law This section provides an overview of Gambling in Chinese Law "Fair," Chances, Gambling From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about "Fair," Chances, Gambling (1): A church "fair" at which chances are sold, [...]...
78. Mortmain The Legal History of MortmainThis section provides an overview of Mortmain ResourcesSee AlsoLegal Biography Legal Traditions Historical Laws History of Law Further Reading Mortmain in the Oxford International Encyclopedia of Legal History (Oxford University Press) The Oxford Encyclopedia of [...]...
79. Majority Majority (By an unspecified method) in Constitutional LawFrom the Comparative Constitutions Project: In any majority electoral system, there is necessariliy a method of deciding the winner when no single option has a majority of the votes cast. However, the method is not always specified in the [...]...
80. Management Management Management, Disability From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Management, Disability (1): An unincorporated society is managed by those who are competent to transact their own business. Therefore, it would seem that members must be men over twenty-one years of [...]...
81. Mandamus Injunction, Mandamus, Sepulture From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Injunction, Mandamus, Sepulture (1): An injunction will not be granted to prevent the expulsion of a member contrary to the charter and by-laws of the denomination; but if a member be expelled without [...]...
82. Masonic Order Masonic Order, Charity, Elks From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Masonic Order, Charity, Elks (1): A charity which is confined exclusively to the members of the Masonic Order and their families or to the widows and children of deceased members or those who are directly [...]...
83. Marital Status Resources See Also Marriage Common Law Marriage Marriage License Voidable Marriage Family...
84. Education "The illiterate of the 21st century will not be those who cannot read and write, but those who cannot learn, unlearn, and relearn." -- Alvin Toffler See Education links History of Education In the following treatment of this subject, the theory and early history of education is [...]...
85. Legal Rights Main source: Campbell, Kenneth, "Legal Rights", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2011 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = . Legal rights are, clearly, rights which exist under the rules of legal systems. They raise a number of different philosophical issues. (1) [...]...
86. Common Law Introduction to Common Law "Common Law, term used to refer to the main body of English unwritten law that evolved from the 12th century onward. The name comes from the idea that English medieval law, as administered by the courts of the realm, reflected the "common"customs of [...]...
87. Civil Law Introduction to Civil Law "Civil Law, term applied to a legal tradition originating in ancient Rome and to the contemporary legal systems based on this tradition. Modern civil law systems, which were originally developed in Western European countries, have spread throughout the world. [...]...
88. Maritime Law Introduction to Maritime Law Maritime Law, branch of law relating to commerce and navigation on the high seas and on other navigable waters. Specifically, the term refers to the body of customs, legislation, international treaties, and court decisions pertaining to ownership and operation [...]...
89. Magna Carta Legal Materials Pictures and translations of the Magna Carta are posted on the Internet by the National Archives and Records Administration and the British Library. You'll find a print copy in the American Jurisprudence 2d Deskbook. Abstract The Magna Carta (literally, the [...]...
90. Discrimination Summary of Discrimination Unequal treatment in the duties, quotas, or administrative controls accorded to the products of one or more nations. Generally speaking, any nation which does not enjoy most FAVORED NATION (read this and related legal terms for further details) status is the subject [...]...
91. Mart And Countermart letters patent (read this and related legal terms for further details) issued by governmental authority to vessel owners authorizing them to wage war upon national enemies and to derive profit from vessels or goods acqui......
92. Sovereignty Legal Issues International treaties and conventions are, or should be, based on the presumption that all sovereign states are equal. This presumption forms the basis for the operation of the rules of conflict of laws.5 No country can directly enforce its domestic law within the territory of [...]...
93. Alimony Alimony, amount of money ordered by a court to be paid by one spouse to the other-usually by the husband to the wife-for some period, limited or indefinite, after a divorce. The traditional legal standard governing the amount of alimony was that which would allow the wife to live in the style [...]...
94. Bigamy Bigamy, in law, the criminal offense of marrying while one is still a partner in a valid earlier marriage. A person is not guilty of bigamy, however, if the prior marriage has been terminated by divorce or annulment. Bigamy is a crime in most Western nations, including the United States, the [...]...
95. Damages Introduction to Damages Damages, an award of money that a court of law requires be given to one who has suffered a loss, injury, or invasion of a legal right (as when one party to a contract does not fulfill its obligations) as a result of the act of another. Damages may be compensatory or [...]...
96. Evidence Introduction to Evidence Evidence, the means by which disputed facts are proved to be true or untrue in any trial before a court of law or an agency that functions like a court. Because American law is committed to a rational rather than a formalistic system of evidence, no value is assigned [...]...
97. Fraud Introduction to Fraud Fraud, in law, general term for any instance in which one party deceives or takes unfair advantage of another. Any means used by one person to deceive another may be defined as fraud. For example, if a person represents himself or herself as the agent of a business with [...]...
98. Imprisonment Purposes of ImprisonmentIntroduction to ImprisonmentImprisonment serves several universal functions, including the protection of society, the prevention of crime, retribution (revenge) against criminals, and the rehabilitation of inmates. Additional goals of imprisonment may includ......
99. Injunction Introduction to Injunction Injunction, generally, an order or decree in the law of equity, requiring a defendant to refrain from committing a specific act, either in process or threatened, injurious to the plaintiff. Injunctions are granted on the usual grounds for equitable actions, namely, [...]...
100. Land Introduction to Land Land, in the law of real property, term including the surface of the earth, the land beneath the surface to the center of the earth, and the air above. The term also includes property permanently affixed to the soil, such as water collected in wells, houses, and fences. [...]...
101. Mandate Introduction to Mandate Mandate, originally, contract in ancient Roman law in which one person agreed to perform a gratuitous service for another in return for indemnification against loss. After World War I, the term was applied in international law to provisions under the covenant of the [...]...
102. Maritime Law History Introduction to Maritime Law HistoryThe origins of maritime law go back to antiquity. Because no country has jurisdiction over the seas, it has been necessary for nations to reach agreements regarding ways of dealing with ships, crews, and cargoes when disputes arise. The earliest agreement......
103. Minor Minor (juvenile) Introduction to Minor Minor (juvenile), legal term for those under the age of majority, which varies from country to country but is usually between 18 and 21. Most civic and legal rights and duties accrue only at the age of majority: for example, the rights to vote, ......
104. Negligence Kinds of Torts: Torts Based on Negligence Introduction to Negligence The most common torts result from negligence rather than intent. A broad variety of tort claims, such as personal injury claims based on automobile accidents, are based on a general theory of negligence. Other torts [...]...
105. Punishment Punishment Forms of Criminal Punishment Introduction to Punishment Although some societies still use ancient forms of harsh physical punishment, punishments have also evolved along with civilization and become less cruel. Punishments range in severity depending on the crime, with the most [...]...
106. Robbery Introduction to RobberyRobbery, in criminal law, felonious act consisting of the unlawful taking, by means of violence or intimidation, of property in the possession or in the immediate presence or control of another. Robbery differs from the crime of larceny in that the latter does not inv......
107. Territory Introduction to Territory Territory, name given in the United States to a partially self-governing section of the national domain that has not been granted statehood. The major U.S. territories are the District of Columbia on the mainland; American Samoa and Guam in the Pacific; and the Virgin [...]...
108. Trial Criminal Procedure: Trial Introduction to Trial A criminal defendant who pleads not guilty is entitled to a public trial and has the right to be present at the trial. During the trial a judge or jury determines whether the defendant is guilty or not guilty based upon the application of [...]...
109. Bankruptcy The Legal History of Bankruptcy This section provides an overview of Bankruptcy Bankruptcy-Remote (SPE) in Financial Law Concept of Bankruptcy-Remote (SPE) in this field: An SPE satisfying certain legal criteria, whose assets have been isolated from and are outside of the reach of the [...]...
110. Employment Employment Law The Legal History of Employment and Labor Law This section provides an overview of Employment and Labor Law Employment in the CEDAW Article 11 of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) stipulates, in relation to Employment, that [...]...
111. Margin of Appreciation Margin of Appreciation and the European Convention on Human Rights Court Margin of Appreciation "means that, within reason, the Court will leave it to the individual State to decide whether the particular human right is infringed, applying its own standards. It is particularly important [...]...
112. Bishops The Legal History of Bishops and ArchbishopsThis section provides an overview of Bishops and Archbishops ResourcesSee AlsoLegal Biography Legal Traditions Historical Laws History of Law Further Reading Bishops and Archbishops in the Oxford International Encyclopedia of Legal History (Oxford [...]...
113. Church The Legal History of Church and State in United States Law This section provides an overview of Church and State in United States Law Church, Religious Society From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Church, Religious Society (1): A church in one sense is more limited than a [...]...
114. Duties The Legal History of Fundamental Duties This section provides an overview of Fundamental Duties Inspectors, Duties From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Inspectors, Duties (1): Under the United States laws, inspectors are appointed to visit Indian agencies and investigate [...]...
115. Family The Legal History of Family This section provides an overview of Family Family (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Family means: the United Nations General Assembly in its resolution 44/82 of 8 December 1989, proclaimed 1994 as the International Year of the Family (IYF) with its [...]...
116. Insurance The Legal History of Insurance This section provides an overview of Insurance "My Wife, Anna Jones," Divorce, Insurance From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about "My Wife, Anna Jones," Divorce, Insurance (1): A bequest or devise to "my wife, Anna [...]...
117. Loan The Legal History of LoanThis section provides an overview of Loan ResourcesSee AlsoLegal Biography Legal Traditions Historical Laws History of Law Further Reading Loan in the Oxford International Encyclopedia of Legal History (Oxford University Press) The Oxford Encyclopedia of American [...]...
118. Madagascar The Legal History of Madagascar This section provides an overview of Madagascar Resources See Also Legal System Country Jurisdiction Immigration Consulate Resources See Also Legal Biography Legal Traditions Historical Laws History of Law Further Reading Madagascar in the Oxford [...]...
119. Magic The Legal History of Magic in Chinese LawThis section provides an overview of Magic in Chinese Law ResourcesSee AlsoLegal Biography Legal Traditions Historical Laws History of Law Further Reading Magic in Chinese Law in the Oxford International Encyclopedia of Legal History (Oxford University [...]...
120. Magistrates The Legal History of Magistrates (Praetor, Aedile)This section provides an overview of Magistrates (Praetor, Aedile) ResourcesSee AlsoLegal Biography Legal Traditions Historical Laws History of Law Further Reading Magistrates (Praetor, Aedile) in the Oxford International Encyclopedia of Legal [...]...