Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. Multilateral Trade Organization Multilateral Trade Organization (MTO) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Multilateral Trade Organization (MTO): A proposed organization that would subsume the GAIT,the General Agreement on [...]...
2. Havana Charter Detais can be found in General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade).......
3. Multilateral Trade Negotiations Negotiations among many nations acting in concert for the purpose of reducing trade barriers. Since the inception of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (read about the GATT for further details). in 1947, the mos......
4. Ministerial Declaration Ministerial Declaration and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Ministerial Declaration: A decision by trade ministers of GATT members to launch a GATT Round of multilateral [...]...
5. Trade Negotiations Committee Trade Negotiations Committee (TNC) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Trade Negotiations Committee (TNC): The steering group established at the outset of the GA 1TUruguay Round (Sec. I) to [...]...
6. Protocol of Accession Protocol of Accession and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Protocol of Accession: A legal document that recognizes the rights and obligations agreed to as a consequence of a [...]...
7. Rebalancing Rebalancing and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Rebalancing: A term used in GATT agriculture negotiations, referring to the ability to shift import protection from one [...]...
8. Track Track I and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Track I: Designation for consolidated negotiating activities in the final phase of the Uruguay Roundconcerning market access in goods....
9. Market Access Negotiations Market Access Negotiations and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Market Access Negotiations: In the context of the Uruguay Round as well as bilateral trade negotiations, [...]...
10. Torquay Round Detais can be found in General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade).......
11. GATT Standing Committee GATT Standing Committee and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of GATT Standing Committee: A permanent body of GATT members dealing with a specific area of trade policy. Includes [...]...
12. Grandfather Clause Grandfather Clause and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Grandfather Clause: A provision in the GATT and other trade agreements permitting signatories to retain domestic [...]...
13. East- West Trade A general reference to trade between the industrial nations of the West, particularly those nations that are members of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development ("https://lawin.org/list-of-international-trade-law-terms/">read this and related legal terms for [...]...
14. Protocol of Provisional Application Protocol of Provisional Application and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Protocol of Provisional Application: The legal device that enabled the original Contracting Parties [...]...
15. De Facto Membership De Facto Member of GATT and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of De Facto Member of GATT: A former dependency of a GATT member that since attaining independence has applied the [...]...
16. Trade Bloc Trade Bloc and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Trade Bloc: A general term referring to regional arrangements among countries that have established formal mechanisms for [...]...
17. Non-Paper Non-Paper Non-Paper and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Non-Paper: In GATT parlance, a proposed agreement or negotiating text circulated informally among delegations for [...]...
18. Geneva Rounds Geneva Rounds and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Geneva Rounds: The first and fourth GATT Round of multilateral trade negotiations, held in Geneva, Switzerland. The [...]...
19. Quadrilateral Quadrilateral ("Quad") and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Quadrilateral ("Quad"): In GATT parlance, a meeting involving senior trade officials or [...]...
20. Service Mark Service Mark and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Service Mark: A distinctive mark used in the sale or advising of services to distinguish them from the services of others. [...]...
21. Modifications Modifications and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Modifications: Alteration or withdrawal of trade concessions previously made within GATT. Contracting Parties are [...]...
22. Voluntary Export Restraints Summary of Voluntary Export Restraints Synonymous with Orderly Marketing Agreement (q.v. See Bilateral Restraints Agreement.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Voluntary Export Restraints (VERs) and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, [...]...
23. Green Round Green Round and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Green Round: A term referring to a proposed new GATT Round of multilateral negotiations that would address environmental [...]...
24. Less-Developed Countries Less-Developed Countries Less-Developed Countries (LDCs) and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Less-Developed Countries (LDCs): An alternative term for developing countries. [...]...
25. Functioning of the GATT System Functioning of the GATT System (FOGS) and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Functioning of the GATT System (FOGS): Designation for a negotiating group in the Uruguay Round [...]...
26. Snapback Snapback and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Snapback: Provisions in a trade agreement that allow a signatory to temporarily rescind concessions under specified [...]...
27. Tariff Rates Column 2 Rates and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Column 2 Rates: US tariff rates assessed on imports from countries not receiving most- favored-nationtreatment. Most [...]...
28. Plurilateral Plurilateral and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Plurilateral: In GATT parlance, refers to a consultation or negotiating session involving more than two countries [...]...
29. Forum Shopping Forum Shopping and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Forum Shopping: Refers to the ability of countries to take advantage of differing procedures fordispute settlement under [...]...
30. Civil Aircraft Agreement Civil Aircraft Agreement and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Civil Aircraft Agreement: Formally known as the Agreement on Trade in Civil Aircraft. The only sectoral [...]...
31. Disciplines Disciplines and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Disciplines: In GATT parlance, refers to members' substantive obligations undertaken by members to refrain from [...]...
32. Annecy Round Annecy Round and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Annecy Round: The second GATT Round of multilateral trade negotiations, held in...
33. Anticircumvention Duty Anticircumvention Duty and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Anticircumvention Duty: A term used by the European Community for penalty charges imposed on the output of [...]...
34. Grey Area Grey Area Measures and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Grey Area Measures: Import relief measures taken outside the scope of GATT rules by countries seeking to protect [...]...
35. Auto Pact Auto Pact and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Auto Pact: (Formally known as the Automotive Products Trade Agreement.) A bilateral agreement signed in 1965 between the [...]...
36. South-South Trade South-South Trade and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of South-South Trade: In the parlance of the 1970s and 1980s, refers to trade among developing countries ("the [...]...
37. Contracting Party Contracting Party and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Contracting Party provided by the European Union Commission: A contracting party is a State or an Intergovernmental Organisation or other entity with treaty making capacity that has expressed its consent to be bound by a [...]...
38. Commercial Counterfeiting Commercial Counterfeiting and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Commercial Counterfeiting: A deceptive trade practice involving trademark piracy, false labeling, or other [...]...
39. Counterfeit Code Counterfeit Code and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Counterfeit Code: A draft agreement, initiated in the closing stages of the Tokyo Round but never concluded, which [...]...
40. Negotiations Item-by-Item Negotiations and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Item-by-Item Negotiations: A method of tariff negotiations in which the expected trade effects of each [...]...
41. Procedural Protectionism Procedural Protectionism and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Procedural Protectionism: Abusive administration of import control procedures allowed under GATT (especially [...]...
42. Delegations Seven-Plus-Seven and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Seven-Plus-Seven: An informal meeting of GATT delegations from industrial and developing countries (originally seven of [...]...
43. Standstill Standstill and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Standstill: A commitment undertaken at the outset of a GATT negotiation to refrain .from legislating or implementing new [...]...
44. Non-application Non-application and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Non-application: In the context of Uruguay Round discussions of a proposed Multilateral Trade Organization, refers to a [...]...
45. Green Room Consultations Green Room Consultations and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Green Room Consultations: Informal meetings of heads of delegations to the GATT Uruguay Roundnegotiations. Such [...]...
46. Treatment Special and Differential Treatment (S&D) and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Special and Differential Treatment (S&D): Preferential treatment given to industrial countries [...]...
47. Nontariff Measures Nontariff Measures (NTMs) and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Nontariff Measures (NTMs): A broader term than NTBs, including not only import-restricting barriers but also [...]...
48. Punta Del Este Declaration Punta del Este Declaration and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Punta del Este Declaration: A declaration adopted by trade ministers of GATT member countries in September [...]...
49. Protocol Relating to Trade Negotiations Among Developing Countries Protocol Relating to Trade Negotiations Among Developing Countries and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Protocol Relating to Trade Negotiations Among Developing Countries: [...]...
50. Nonviolation Complaints Nonviolation Complaints and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Nonviolation Complaints: In GATT dispute settlement negotiations, refers to provisions allowing the Contracting [...]...
51. North-South Trade North-South Trade and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of North-South Trade: In the parlance of the 1970s and 1980s, trade between the developed market economies ("the [...]...
52. Dillon Round A series of multinational trade discussions conducted during 1960-1962 under the sponsorship of the general agreement of tariffs and Trade (read this and related legal terms for further details). The principal result of ......
53. Horizontal Reduction Horizontal Reduction and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Horizontal Reduction: Negotiated cuts in tariff rates by the same percentage for all parties to an agreement. Also [...]...
54. Concessions Schedule of Concessions and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Schedule of Concessions: A list of import duties applicable to specific goods which a GATT Contracting Party [...]...
55. Customs Value Customs Value and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Customs Value: A method of valuing imported goods which excludes shipping costs from the final price....
56. Assimilation Assimilation and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Assimilation: A term referring to national treatment in the protection of industrial property. SeeParis Convention....
57. Normal Value Normal Value and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Normal Value: An alternative term for fair value....
58. Entities Entities and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Entities: In the context of the GATT Government Procurement Code, refers to government departments or ministries and their [...]...
59. Surveillance Body Surveillance Body and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Surveillance Body: A body created at the outset of the Uruguay Round to monitor participating countries' trade [...]...
60. Minimum Valuation Minimum Valuation and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Minimum Valuation: A form of valuation for tariff purposes in which all items below a certain threshold value in an [...]...
61. Call Call and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Call: A request by an importing country for consultations with an exporting country concerning products whose shipments during a [...]...
62. Degressivity Degressivity and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Degressivity: The characteristic of a trade restriction, which diminishes in severity over time. A degressive measure could [...]...
63. Rollback Rollback and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Rollback: A commitment to phase out all trade restrictions or policies that distort trade or bring them into conformity with [...]...
64. Structural Impediments Initiative Structural Impediments Initiative (SII) and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Structural Impediments Initiative (SII): A series of bilateral negotiations begun in 1989 by the [...]...
65. Pipeline Protection Pipeline Protection and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Pipeline Protection: In international negotiations on protection of intellectual property rights, refers to the [...]...
66. Administrative Review Administrative Review and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Administrative Review: In unfair trade cases, a mechanism for parties to a case to appeal a ruling on [...]...
67. Cross-Retaliation Cross-Retaliation and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Cross-Retaliation: Retaliation in one sector of trade, such as agriculture, to counter unfair actions or violations of [...]...
68. Sectoral Reciprocity Sectoral Reciprocity and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Sectoral Reciprocity: The objective of equalizing levels of protection applying to international trade in a [...]...
69. Working Party Working Party and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Working Party: An ad hoc subgroup established by the GATT Council to address a specific trade policy issue, such as a [...]...
70. Sherpa Sherpa and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Sherpa: An official of sub-cabinet rank from each of the major industrial countries responsible for coordinating his or her [...]...
71. Export Guarantees Export Guarantees and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Export Guarantees: Assurances by an exporter's government that financing provided by a private lender will be [...]...
72. Kennedy Round A series of international trade discussions commencing in Geneva in May 1964, under the auspices of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (read about the GATT for further details). The discussions were prompted by ......
73. Trade War Introduction to Trade War Trade War, economic tug-of-war between nations in which each side tries to limit the other's exports while flooding the other's market with its own goods." (1) Resources Notes and References Information about "http://lawi......
74. Framework Initiative Framework Initiative and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Framework Initiative: (Also known as the New Economic Partnership). An initiative launched by the United States in [...]...
75. Demarche Demarche and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Demarche: A formal diplomatic communication of a country's position on an issue, presented to an official representative of [...]...
76. Common External Tariff Summary of Common External Tariff The uniform customs tariff applied by all the member states of a customs union or common market to imports from nonmember nations.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Common External Tariff and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT [...]...
77. User Fee User Fee and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of User Fee: A fee for a service --such as the provision of customs operations by the government of the importing country [...]...
78. Dairy Arrangement International Dairy Arrangement and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of International Dairy Arrangement: A Tokyo Round agreement covering trade in dairy products, consisting of [...]...
79. Trade-Related Investment Measures Trade-Related Investment Measures (TRIMs) and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Trade-Related Investment Measures (TRIMs): Designation for a Uruguay Round "' [...]...
80. Border Tax Adjustments A refund or rebate of indirect taxes on merchandise, such as sales or value added taxes, when the goods are exported. Such rebates are authorized under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade ("https://lawin.org/General-Agreement-on-Tariffs-and-Trade/">read about the GATT [...]...
81. Import Surcharge Import Surcharge and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Import Surcharge: A temporary tax on imports over and above established tariffs, usually enacted in times of economic [...]...
82. Rectifications Rectifications and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Rectifications: Changes made in a country's schedule of GATT concessions, usually .involving correction of errors but [...]...
83. Asia Dynamic Asian Economies (DAEs) and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Dynamic Asian Economies (DAEs): In recent OECD discussions and publications, this term has been used to [...]...
84. Environmental Trade Measures Environmental Trade Measures and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Environmental Trade Measures: Trade measures applied by importing or exporting countries in conjunction [...]...
85. Authors' Rights Authors' Rights and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Authors' Rights: A term used primarily in Latin American countries to refer to copyrights....
86. Framework Agreements Framework Agreements and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Framework Agreement (2): Also known as a Trade and Investment Framework Agreement, or TIFA. A bilateral agreement [...]...
87. Economic Summit Economic Summit and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Economic Summit: Although the term can be used more generally, its most prominent use is in referring to the annual [...]...
88. Derogation Derogation and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Derogation: In negotiating parlance, an exemption from part of an agreement demanded by a country as a condition for its [...]...
89. Import Sensitivity Import Sensitivity and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Import Sensitivity: The vulnerability of a domestic industry to injury from foreign competition. See also sensitive [...]...
90. Decoupling Decoupling and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Decoupling: A concept aimed at making government agricultural programs trade-neutral - by breaking the link between [...]...
91. State Trading Nations State Trading Nations and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of State Trading Nations: Countries that rely on government entities instead of private corporations to conduct their [...]...
92. Panel of Experts Panel of Experts and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Panel of Experts: In the GATT dispute settlement process, an ad hoc group of impartial and knowledgeable trade experts [...]...
93. Bound Rates Bound Rates and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Bound Rates: Most favored-nation tariff rates resulting from GATT negotiations and thereafter incorporated as integral [...]...
94. Environmental Dumping Environmental Dumping and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Environmental Dumping: Refers to an unfair trade practice whereby an exporter achieves a cost advantage over its [...]...
95. Blair House Accord Blair House Accord and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Blair House Accord: A bilateral agreement between the United States and the EC Commission, concluded in November 1992 [...]...
96. Duty Suspension Duty Suspension and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Duty Suspension: A temporary , unilateral reduction in tariffs. Duties are sometimes suspended to ease shortages of [...]...
97. GATT Codes GATT Codes and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of GATT Codes: Agreements negotiated under GATT auspices to remove or lessen the trade-distorting effects of nontariff measures [...]...
98. Road Taxes Road Taxes and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Road Taxes: Excise taxes imposed on the sale or operation of motor vehicles, which have the effect of discriminating in favor [...]...
99. Customs Harmonization Customs Harmonization and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Customs Harmonization: Intemational efforts to increase the uniformity of customs procedures such as valuation, [...]...
100. Residual Restrictions Residual Restrictions and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Residual Restrictions: Quantitative restrictions maintained since before 1947 by governments that were original [...]...
101. Eco-packaging Eco-packaging and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Eco-packaging: Refers to national regulations and programs to encourage recycling or reuse of product packaging and [...]...
102. Industrialized Countries Industrial Countries or Industrialized Countries and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Industrial Countries or Industrialized Countries: (Also known as developed countries) A [...]...
103. Reverse Consensus Reverse Consensus and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Reverse Consensus: A proposed modification of the GATT dispute settlement procedures establishing the principle that [...]...
104. Green Box Green Box and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Green Box: A term used in the context of GA TT negotiations on agriculture and on export subsidiesto refer to a category of [...]...
105. Preliminary Duties Preliminary Duties and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Preliminary Duties: Duties imposed on a provisional basis during the course of an antidumpinginvestigation, following [...]...
106. State Trading Enterprises State Trading Enterprises and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of State Trading Enterprises: Entities established by governments to import, export, or produce certain products. [...]...
107. Marketing Orders Marketing Orders and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Marketing Orders: Official directives concerning the size and quality of fresh fruits and vegetables, which may be [...]...
108. Marketing Law Marketing Law Contents of Marketing Law Contents of this subject matter include: Introduction Marketing and Deceptive Business Practices ( Part 1) Marketing and Deceptive Business Practices (Part 3) Marketing a Quality Product Marketing a Safe Product Marketing Techniques Marketing [...]...
109. Madrid Agreement Madrid Agreement and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Madrid Agreement: Formal name is the Madrid Agreement Concerning the International Registration of Marks. An [...]...
110. Marketing Joint Marketing Arrangements with Special Groups and the Electronic Commerce Joint Marketing Arrangements with Special Groups in the Online Business Law Literature Review on Ethics and Marketing In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Ali Besharat, Ryan J. [...]...
111. Marketing Orientation The act of locating a manufacturing facility near its principal markets. It usually occurs in cases where the cost of transporting the finished product significantly exceeds the cost of transporting the raw materials. See Resource Orientation, Weight Gaining, Weight Losing.......
112. Marketing Relativism A principle that marketing strategies are based upon the seller's personal experiences, which are, in part, culturally prescribed.......
113. Marketing Plan Development of an International Export/Import Marketing Plan Find out, in this world legal encyclopedia, additional information relating to Development of an International Export/Import Marketing Plan....
114. Marketing Contracts Introduction This entry provides an overview of the legal framework of marketing contracts, with a description of the most significant features of marketing contracts at international level. Related Work and Conclusions Resources See Also References (Papers) Living Under The Boot: [...]...
115. Marketing Cooperative Resources See Also Credit Union Cooperative Collective...
116. Multilateral Steel Agreement Multilateral Steel Agreement (MSA) and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Multilateral Steel Agreement (MSA): A proposed agreement that would phase out tariffs, eliminate [...]...
117. Marketing Management Resources See Also Price Policy Price Control Pricing Strategy Dumping...
118. Commodity Agreement Commodity Agreement and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Commodity Agreement: A formal international arrangement among exporters and importers of a commodity. Such [...]...
119. Suspension Agreement Suspension Agreement and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Suspension Agreement: A legal agreement between an exporting firm and the government of an importing country [...]...
120. Framework Agreement Framework Agreement and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Framework Agreement: A package of agreements negotiated during the Tokyo Round, dealing with (a) differential and [...]...