Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. Single Market Summary of Single Market A component feature of the Common Agricultural policy (read this and related legal terms for further details) of the European Economic Community.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Single Market and Europe There is an entry on single market in the European [...]...
2. Trade Policy Research Centre Trade Policy Research Centre in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Trade Policy Research Centre: A London-based organization established in 1968 to promote independent research and discussion of [...]...
3. Legal Research Process Legal Research Process Analyze the Assignment There is more information about this subjet related to the field of legal research in the legal encyclopedia.Conduct Research There is more information about this subjet related to the field of legal research in the legal encyclopedia.When to Stop [...]...
4. Gray Market Definition In the United States For information about Gray Market Definition in the context of international trade, click here...
5. American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research: A research and educational organization, [...]...
6. Monetary Policy Monetary Policy (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Monetary Policy means: the complex of actions aiming to regulate the money supply in a country. By changing banking interest rate, or acting on open securities' market, a government either enlarges or diminishes inflow of [...]...
7. Japan Economic Research Institute Japan Economic Research Institute (JERI) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Japan Economic Research Institute (JERI): A nongovernmental economic research institute funded by Japanese [...]...
8. Japan Center for Economic Research Japan Center for Economic Research (JCER) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Japan Center for Economic Research (JCER): A nongovernmental economic forecasting organization funded primarily by [...]...
9. Ethnographic Research Literature Review on Ethnographic Research In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Merlijn van Hulst, Martijn Koster and Jeroen Vermeulen provide the following summary about the topic of Ethnographic Research: This entry outlines three aspects of ethnographic [...]...
10. National Institute of Economic and Social Research National Institute of Economic and Social Research in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of National Institute of Economic and Social Research: A privately funded British ..research institute [...]...
11. National Bureau of Economic Research National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER): A private, nonprofit organization engaged in quantitative analysis [...]...
12. Common External Tariff Summary of Common External Tariff The uniform customs tariff applied by all the member states of a customs union or common market to imports from nonmember nations.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Common External Tariff and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT [...]...
13. Case Law Research Case Law Research Court Opinions-Publication There is more information about this subjet related to the field of legal research in the legal encyclopedia.Internet and Computer-Aided Research There is more information about this subjet related to the field of legal research in the legal [...]...
14. European Community European Community (EC) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of European Community (EC): (Previously known as the European Economic Community, or EEC; the term "European Communities" [...]...
15. International Legal Research Contents International Legal Research Contents of International Legal Research General Overview English Translations This subsection includes the following: Finding Translations ... Read more...
16. Specialized Legal Research Specialized Legal Research The topics below provide an overview of legal research sources and techniques in some popular specialized areas. ... Read more...
17. European Company European Company and Europe There is an entry on european company in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "European Company" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney Leach (Profile [...]...
18. Financial Market Resources See Also Trade Market White Market Financial Market Trade Law Competition Law...
19. Commercial Policy Common Commercial Policy and Europe There is an entry on common commercial policy in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Economic Development Social development Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Common Commercial Policy" in the work "A Concise [...]...
20. European Neighbourhood Policy European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) The European Neighbourhood Policy, abbreviated as ENP, was developed in 2004, with the objective of avoiding the emergence of new dividing lines between the enlarged European Union (EU) and its neighbours to the South and East Through the ENP, the EU offers [...]...
21. Economic Union Summary of Economic Union Also known as an economic community, an advanced form of economic integration on the part of several states. The economic union incorporates the features of a Common market (read this and related legal terms for further details)—unrestricted free trade among [...]...
22. Intervention Price The price at which the European Economic Community, in accordance with the Common Agricultural Policy (read this and related legal terms for further details), will intervene in the market to buy excess agricultural produ......
23. Economic Integration Summary of Economic Integration The process of unifying two or more national economies through conscious coordination of trade, fiscal, and monetary activities. Economic integration is normally preceded by the reduction or abolition of tariffs, quotas, and similar constraints upon trade [...]...
24. ENP The European Neighbourhood Policy, abbreviated as ENP, was developed in 2004, with the objective of avoiding the emergence of new dividing lines between the enlarged European Union (EU) and its neighbours to the South and East Through the ENP, the EU offers its neighbours a privileged [...]...
25. Intercultural Research Resources See Also Further Reading Information related to intercultural research in the Max Planck Encyclopedia of International Law(MPEPIL), Germany, United Kingdom...
26. Research Method Resources See Also Further Reading Information related to research method in the Max Planck Encyclopedia of International Law(MPEPIL), Germany, United Kingdom...
27. IRS Audit Guides — Legal Research Contents IRS Audit Guides — Legal Research The IRS website includes its Audit Techniques Guides (ATGs). The Guides “focus on ... Read more...
28. Fisheries Policy Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) and Europe There is an entry on common fisheries policy (cfp) in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Common Fisheries Policy (CFP)" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to [...]...
29. Google Legal Research Google legal research ......
30. Laissez-faire Laissez Faire Summary of Laissez Faire A doctrine that government should refrain from any form of trade regulation, leaving productivity and distribution of wealth purely to market forces and individual industry. The concept arose around the beginning of the eighteenth century in France, [...]...
31. Market Market Reserve Policies and International Trade Resources See Also Economy Economic System Legal System Capitalism Resources See Also Law of Similars...
32. Market Value Embracing mainstream international law, this section on market value explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "market value" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law (currently, the [...]...
33. Market-Inalienability Contents Market-Inalienability   Margaret Jane Radin   Things that may be given away but not sold are market-inalienable. In this ... Read more...
34. Market Access Summary of Market Access The degree of participation in the domestic market that a nation allows to foreign suppliers. Tariffs, quotas, and similar protective devices are devices imposed to limit market access. (Main Author: William J. Miller) Market Access and National Treatment in the [...]...
35. Market Disruption A condition in which foreign imports of a given product increase in quantity so rapidly as to cause, or threaten to cause, material injury to a competing domestic industry. A finding of market disruption before the International Trade Commission may result in retaliatory actions against the [...]...
36. Market Failure Market Imperfections or Market Failure and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Market Imperfections or Market Failure: Often refers to two sources of departure from perfect competition, i.e., [...]...
37. Market Power Market Power and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Market Power: The ability of an individual firm to exert control over prices prevailing in the markets for its products or services. The highest [...]...
38. Market Performance Market Performance and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Market Performance: The principal focus of competition policy, market performance refers to the degree to which a particular industry or [...]...
39. Market Economy Resources See Also Economy Economic System Legal System Capitalism...
40. Market Planning Resources See Also Trade Market White Market Financial Market Trade Law Competition Law...
41. Market Stabilization Resources See Also Trade Market White Market Financial Market Trade Law Competition Law...
42. Market Study Resources See Also Trade Market White Market Financial Market Trade Law Competition Law...
43. Market Definition Resources See Also Business Law Antitrust Laws...
44. Market-Oriented Distribution Center A product distribution center located close to the point of consumption rather than the point of manufacture. For example, an American manufacturer of a product sold in Europe might supply European customers from a (market-oriented) distribution center in Rotterdam, rather than directly from the U.S......
45. Market Access Data Base Market Access Data Base in International Trade Meaning of Market Access Data Base, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Database of the European Union with comprehensive information about tariffs in all countries of the world to European products and [...]...
46. Market Definition and Scope References See Also Business Law Antitrust Laws...
47. Management Research Resources See Also Business Company Corporation Enterprise...
48. Marine Scientific Research Contents Marine Scientific Research   PART XIII MARINE SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH SECTION 1. GENERAL PROVISIONS Article 238 Right to conduct marine ... Read more...
49. Marine Scientific Research 2 Contents Marine Scientific Research   Article 247 Marine Scientific Research projects undertaken by or under the auspices of International Organizations ... Read more...
50. Marine Scientific Research 3 Contents Marine Scientific Research   Article 254 Rights of neighbouring land-locked and geographically disadvantaged States 1. States and competent International ... Read more...
51. Market Structure Market Structure and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Market Structure: Refers to the structure of an industry or market, as reflected in the number and size distribution of sellers and buyers, [...]...
52. Market Risk Market Risk in International Trade Meaning of Market Risk, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The possibility that results at the time a product is delivered may differ from expectations held at a time it was ordered. For instance, the market price may have [...]...
53. Market Intelligence Improving Competitiveness Through Organizational Market Intelligence: Market Intelligence, the Law and other Social Sciences Market intelligence (MI) is a concept that results in real opportunities for knowledge management in organizations. MI is a cyclic process to deliver knowledge for [...]...
54. Market Scope Resources See Also Business Law Antitrust Laws...
55. Market Access Negotiations Market Access Negotiations and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Market Access Negotiations: In the context of the Uruguay Round as well as bilateral trade negotiations, [...]...
56. Money Market Accounts Money Market Accounts regarding Banking Law This content deals with legal and regulatory aspects of Money Market Accounts covered in connexion with financial law and banking / lending Institutions....
57. Military Research Resources See Also Defense...
58. At the Market Resources See Also Market order...
59. Black Market Black Market Definition Black Market is the term designating the illicit sale of commodities in violation of government rationing and price-fixing. The term originated in Europe during World War I, when the introduction of rationing in belligerent countries tempted some persons with access [...]...
60. Common Market Summary of Common Market A supranational organization of trading nations, created to promote economic collaboration and minimize constraints on the free movement of goods among the member states. Features of a common market include elimination of tariffs on goods moving between member [...]...
61. Fair Market Value The value an imported product would fetch, under similar circumstances of sale, were the goods sold in the country of origin. Customs authorities are usually interested in the fair market value of imported merchandise inasmuch as sales below such value may serve as the basis of a Dumping (...
62. Free Market The economic system of a nation in which market forces determine which goods and services are produced, and at what price they are offered. Free market economies do not contain substantial government controls on resource availability, price levels, or central planning of economic objectives.......
63. Spot Market A market for commodities or currency in which the sale results in an immediate or nearly immediate exchange of the goods or instruments for cash, as compared with a futures market, which trades in contracts for the future delivery of the product.......
64. Bonds Market Bonds in this SectionBondHow Bonds WorkTypes of BondsIssu......
65. Grey Market Grey Market in International Trade Meaning of Grey Market, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A situation that consists of unauthorized traders buying and selling a company's product in different countries. Companies confronted with a grey situation can [...]...
66. Internal Market Meaning of Internal market Here is a very short concept of internal market in the European Union framework: Another term for the single market; also known as the common market, although that expression has wider connotations. Resources Notas y References See Also...
67. Over-the-counter Market Resources See Also NASD NASDAQ...
68. Actual Market Value Resources See Also Market volume...
69. Cornering the Market Resources See Also Corner...
70. Clear Market Value Resources See Also Fair market value...
71. Current Market Value Resources See Also Fair market value...
72. Agricultural Market Resources See Also Farming Farm Bill Agricultural Law Agriculture Reform Agriculture...
73. Capital Market Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance...
74. Labor Market Resources See Also Labor Employment Law International Labor Law Industrial Safety Labour Labor Right Labor Policy...
75. Commodity Market Resources See Also Trade Market White Market Financial Market Trade Law Competition Law...
76. Domestic Market Resources See Also Trade Market White Market Financial Market Trade Law Competition Law...
77. International Market Resources See Also Trade Market White Market Financial Market Trade Law Competition Law...
78. Andean Common Market Considered in Andean Group.......
79. Carribbean Community And Common Market Commonly known as Caricom, the successor organization to the defunct Caribbean Free Trade Association (Carifta). The object of CARICOM was to stimulate regional development through the adoption of a common external tariff and uniform protectionist measures, harmonization of fiscal affairs, and conce......
80. Central American Common Market Summary of Central American Common Market A free trade area among the nations of Central America, established in 1960 by a treaty between El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua. The common market began operations in 1961, and Costa Rica joined the group in 1962. Honduras dropped [...]...
81. European Common Market European Common MarketCross-reference: European Economic Community and European Union.......
82. Dual Exchange Market A governmentally mandated system for the handling of foreign exchange transactions under which officially sanctioned imports or other approved transactions are accommodated at a given, prescribed rate of exchange while other transactions employ the market rate of exchange. For a listing of countries......
83. London Discount Market The group of London discount houses that make a market for short-term government and commercial paper. The discount market is financed by secured loans from the London clearing banks.......
84. Open Market Captive See Captive Insurance Company.......
85. Open Market Operations A principal vehicle of the Federal Reserve system in expanding or contracting bank reserves. The Federal Open Market Committee, consisting of the entire Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve system, plus representatives of five of the twelve regional Federal Reserve banks (the New York Federal R......
86. Arab Common Market Arab Common Market Outline The ACM came into existence in 1965, pursuant to an agreement signed in 1964 by the Arab League states. Its initial members included Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Libya, Mauritania, Palestine Liberation Organisation, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, United Arab Emirates, Yeme......
87. Caribbean Community and Common Market Caribbean Community and Common Market (CARICOM), organization established in 1973 to promote regional unity and to coordinate economic and foreign policy among Caribbean nations. Member countries include Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Belize, Dominica, G......
88. Southern Common Market Southern Common Market in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Southern Common Market: Mercado Common del Sur (MERCOSUR) or Mercado Comum do Sui (MERCOSUL). A common market including Argentina, [...]...
89. Islamic Common Market Islamic Common Market in International Trade Resources See Also Economic Cooperation Organization....
90. Caribbean-Canadian Common Market Caribbean-Canadian Common Market (CARIBCAN) and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Caribbean-Canadian Common Market (CARIBCAN): A non-reciprocal preferential [...]...
91. Gray Market Goods In the United States For information about Gray market goods in the context of international trade, click here...
92. Social Market Economy Social Market Economy and Europe There is an entry on social market economy in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Social Market Economy" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney [...]...
93. Standards for Market Actors This section provides an overview of standards for market actors within the legal context of Financial Regulation in international economic law, with coverage of Monetary and Financial Regulation (Main Regulatory Areas). Resources Further Reading Rashid Bahar, "Standards for Market [...]...
94. Capital Market Liability Capital Market Liability in Private International Law This section contain conflict of laws information and cross references related to capital market liability on some major countries and additional jurisdictions. It covers key issues involved when citizens face international situations. [...]...
95. Black-market Adoption Description of Black-market Adoption In this reference work, black-market adoption is a sort of the Family law category. Resources See Also Adoption Family law...
96. Clear Market Price Resources See Also Fair market value...
97. Labor Market Segmentation Resources See Also Economy Economic System Legal System Capitalism...
98. Single European Market Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration...
99. European Internal Market Resources See Also International Trade Trade Regulation International Economic Law Export License International Trade Law Foreign Trade Safeguard...
100. Internal Labor Market Resources See Also Labor Employment Law International Labor Law Industrial Safety Labour Labor Right Labor Policy...
101. Labor Market Analysis Resources See Also Labor Employment Law International Labor Law Industrial Safety Labour Labor Right Labor Policy...
102. Labor Market Information System Resources See Also Labor Employment Law International Labor Law Industrial Safety Labour Labor Right Labor Policy...
103. Labor Market Policy Resources See Also Labor Employment Law International Labor Law Industrial Safety Labour Labor Right Labor Policy...
104. Treaty Research Contents Treaty Research Multilateral conventions by subject: Atmosphere and Space conventions Flora and Fauna – Biodiversity conventions Cultural Protection conventions ... Read more...
105. WTO/GATT Research Contents WTO/GATT Research See also More about WTO/GATT Research I. Secondary Sources Start here for research guides, quick facts, news, ... Read more...
106. The Family and the Market: A Study of Ideology and Legal Reform Contents The Family and the Market: A Study of Ideology and Legal Reform   Frances E. Olsen Reform strategies aimed ... Read more...
107. Legal Research Legal research is the investigation of information necessary to support legal decision-making, when applied by judges, or the search for authority that can be applied to a given set of facts and issues, when practiced by a researcher. International Legal Research Resources Encyclopedias, [...]...
108. How to Do Legal Research How to do Legal Research ......
109. Computer Research Computer-Aided Research in Case Law Research...
110. Research Research Disclosure in E.U. Patent System Defensive-type publications which are published, often anonymously, to give companies and inventors "freedom of use" rather than legal protection. Once research disclosures are published the invention described cannot be patented. Academic [...]...
111. Doctrinal Research Contents Doctrinal Research The T. MANN, AUSTRALIAN LAW DICTIONARY defines Doctrine as ‘a synthesis of rules, principles, norms, interpretive guidelines ... Read more...
112. Research on Cybercrime Overview of Research on Cybercrime in relation to cyber crime: [1]In 1985 President Ronald Reagan's Council on Integrity and Efficiency found after surveying numerous federal agencies that computer fraud and abuse existed within the U.S. government. The study discovered 172 cases with [...]...
113. Operations Research Literature Review on Operations Research In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] William L. Waugh offers the following summary about the topic of Operations Research: Operations research and management science techniques have been invaluable tools in many [...]...
114. Policy Research Literature Review on Policy Research: Measuring Benefits In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Henry E. Kilpatrick offers the following summary about the topic of Policy Research: Measuring Benefits: This entry discusses issues in evaluating social science [...]...
115. Action Research Literature Review on (Research Methods) Action Research In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Neil M. Boyd offers the following summary about the topic of (Research Methods) Action Research: Action research is a reflective inquiry approach that is focused on [...]...
116. Research Methodology Literature Review on (Research Methods) Q Methodology In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Dan Durning offers the following summary about the topic of (Research Methods) Q Methodology: Q methodology was created as a method for the systematic study of [...]...
117. Harvard Research Harvard Research (in International Law) Embracing mainstream international law, this section on harvard research (in international law) explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "harvard research (in international [...]...
118. Research Reactor Agreements With Mexico on Converting Research Reactor From Heu to Leu In relation to the international law practice and Agreements With Mexico on Converting Research Reactor From Heu to Leu in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: Use of Force, Arms Control, [...]...
119. Development Research Resources See Also Further Reading Information related to development research in the Max Planck Encyclopedia of International Law(MPEPIL), Germany, United Kingdom...
120. Participatory Research Resources See Also Further Reading Information related to participatory research in the Max Planck Encyclopedia of International Law(MPEPIL), Germany, United Kingdom...