Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. Gross Domestic Product Summary of Gross Domestic Product The aggregate value, expressed in monetary terms, of all goods and services produced within a national economy during a given time period, usually one year.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Gross Domestic Product (gdp) (in the Human Development [...]...
2. London Discount Market The group of London discount houses that make a market for short-term government and commercial paper. The discount market is financed by secured loans from the London clearing banks.......
3. Gross National Product Summary of Gross National Product The aggregate value, expressed in monetary terms, of all goods and services attributable to a national economy during a given period, usually one year. The final sum includes all goods and services produced within the economy, plus income earned overseas [...]...
4. Government Law Government ......
5. Section 931 Corporation It was a corporation operating in various U.S. possessions that, under certain circumstances, might accrue significant tax benefits. So named for Section 931 of the Internal Revenue Code, a firm might be exempt from Federal income tax on U.S. possessions income (so long as the dividends were not dis......
6. Taxation Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Taxation) Ad Valorem Tax (sometimes, including Taxation) Alternative Minimum Tax (sometimes, including Taxation) Big Four (audit firms) (sometimes, including Taxation) Black Market [...]...
7. Cooley Loans Foreign-currency-denominated loans by the U.S. government to foreign nations to permit the purchase of American agricultural commodities. The loans are authorized by an amendment to the Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act (...
8. World Bank World Bank and the World Bank Group Further Reading A concise encyclopedia of the United Nations (including World Bank , H Volger, KA Annan -2010) The Oxford Handbook on the United Nations (TG Weiss - 2007) International Law: A Dictionary (including World Bank , Boczek, Boleslaw Adam -2005) [...]...
9. Brazilian Loans Case Embracing mainstream international law, this section on brazilian loans case explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "brazilian loans case" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law [...]...
10. Norwegian Loans Case Embracing mainstream international law, this section on norwegian loans case explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "norwegian loans case" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law [...]...
11. Serbian Loans Case Embracing mainstream international law, this section on serbian loans case explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "serbian loans case" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law [...]...
12. Gross Terms Synonymous with Gross Charter (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
13. History of Taxation Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including History of Taxation) ...
14. Value Added Value Added (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Value Added means: is the net output of an industry after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. Resources See Also National Income National Accounts Expenditure Gross National Income Net National Income...
15. Local Custom Embracing mainstream international law, this section on local custom explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "local custom" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law (currently, the [...]...
16. Standard of Living Standard of Living (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Standard of Living means: integrated index of socio-economic development, measured by aggregate data such as real per capita income, poverty rate, access to health care, the uneven growth of incomes, standards of education, [...]...
17. Policy Making in Local Government Literature Review on Policy Making in Local Government In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Jeremy L. Hall offers the following summary about the topic of Policy Making in Local Government: Local policy making, while similar, differs in important ways from [...]...
18. Government Spending Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Government Spending) ...
19. Norwegian Loans Certain Norwegian Loans (france v. Norway) Case Embracing mainstream international law, this section on certain norwegian loans (france v. norway) case explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "certain norwegian [...]...
20. International Development Association International Development Association Outline The IDA is one of the two affiliates of the World Bank. It came into existence in 1962 under the Articles of Agreement of the International Development Association of 1960. Its main function is to provide loans on more favourable and flexible terms [...]...
21. World Trade Organisation World Trade Organisation (wto) and Europe There is an entry on world trade organisation (wto) in the European legal encyclopedia. World Trade Organisation and the European Union Resources See Also WTO Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "World Trade Organisation (wto)" in the [...]...
22. Presidency Presidency and Europe There is an entry on presidency in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Government Government Contract Local Government Public Administration Administrative Law Public Law Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Presidency" in the work [...]...
23. Royalties In the United States For information about Royalties in the context of international trade, click here Royalties and the Laws of International Trade Royalties Intellectual Property and Competition Law Royalties in International Trade Meaning of Royalties, according to the Dictionary of [...]...
24. Farm Loans Farm Loans in relation with Farm Loans This content deals with legal and regulatory aspects of Farm Loans covered in connexion with Farm Loans and banking / lending Institutions....
25. Social Partners Social partners in the International Trade Union Rights Area Definition of Social partners provided by ITUC-CSI-IGB: Unions and employers or their representative organisations. Social Partners and Europe There is an entry on social partners in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See [...]...
26. Gross Domestic Purchases An item within the National Income and Product Account Tables that represents the gross national product less exports plus imports.......
27. Citizen Participation in Local Government Literature Review on Citizen Participation in Local Government In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Anthony J. Nownes offers the following summary about the topic of Citizen Participation in Local Government: Citizens can participate in government and [...]...
28. Leadership in Local Government Literature Review on Leadership in Local Government In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] James H. Svara offers the following summary about the topic of Leadership in Local Government: City managers are executives and city administrators are partial executives [...]...
29. Local Communities Cloud Governance at the Local Communities, the Law and other Social Sciences This book chapter conceptualizes the plan of an autonomous community to cover the information technology needs by adopting cloud computing on a community level. Community cloud computing is a solution with many [...]...
30. London Declaration of 1909 Embracing mainstream international law, this section on london declaration of 1909 explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "london declaration of 1909" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of [...]...
31. London Dumping Convention Embracing mainstream international law, this section on london dumping convention explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "london dumping convention" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of [...]...
32. Steiner and Gross V. Polish State Steiner and Gross v. Polish State Embracing mainstream international law, this section on steiner and gross v. polish state explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "steiner and gross v. polish state" in the [...]...
33. Public Finance Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Public Finance) Ad Valorem Tax (sometimes, including Public Finance) Alternative Minimum Tax (sometimes, including Public Finance) Big Four (audit firms) (sometimes, including Public [...]...
34. Health Health The Legal History of Health This section provides an overview of Health Health (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Health means: is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity Most Popular Entries related to [...]...
35. World Bank Group World Bank Group in International Trade Meaning of World Bank Group, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The World Bank Group is a specialized United Nations agency dedicated to improving living standards in developing countries through facilitation and [...]...
36. National Accounts National Accounts (in the Human Development Area) In this context, National Accounts means: is a system table in the form of accounts, which characterize the process of production, distribution and end use of the gross domestic product (GDP), as a rule, for the year. System of National [...]...
37. London Naval Construction Treaties Embracing mainstream international law, this section on london naval construction treaties explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "london naval construction treaties" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic [...]...
38. Remedy and Reparation for Gross Humanrights Violations Embracing mainstream international law, this section on remedy and reparation for gross humanrights violations explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "remedy and reparation for gross humanrights violations" [...]...
39. Gross Earnings Resources See Also Gross income...
40. Gross Profit Resources See Also Gross income...
41. Gross Receipts Resources See Also Gross income...
42. Gross Receipts Tax Resources See Also Gross income tax...
43. Gross Revenue Resources See Also Gross income...
44. Depreciation Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Depreciation) "https://lawin.org/Ad-valorem-tax/" target="_blank"......
45. Poverty The Legal History of Poverty This section provides an overview of Poverty Human Poverty Index For Selected High-incomeoecd Countries (hpi-2) (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Human Poverty Index For Selected High-incomeoecd Countries (hpi-2) means: _ composite index measuring [...]...
46. Contributions Embracing mainstream international law, this section on contributions explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Contributions and Europe There is an entry on contributions in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Social Security Financing [...]...
47. Social Charter Social Charter and Europe There is an entry on social charter in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Social Charter" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney Leach (Profile Books; [...]...
48. Agricultural Policy Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) and Europe There is an entry on common agricultural policy (cap) in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Government Government Contract Local Government Public Administration Administrative Law Public Law Resources See Also Further Reading [...]...
49. Social Chapter Social Chapter and Europe There is an entry on social chapter in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Social Chapter" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney Leach (Profile Books; [...]...
50. Gross Weight The total weight of a package, i.e., the contents plus all packaging.......
51. Tariff Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Tariff) Ad Valorem Tax (sometimes, including Tariff) Alternative Minimum Tax (sometimes, including Tariff) Big Four (audit firms) (sometimes, including Tariff) Black Market (sometimes, [...]...
52. Tax Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Tax) Ad Valorem Tax (sometimes, including Tax) Alternative Minimum Tax (sometimes, including Tax) Big Four (audit firms) (sometimes, including Tax) Black Market (sometimes, including Tax) [...]...
53. Labor Law Glossary Most Popular Entries related to Labor Law Glossary Labor Law (in the World) Labor Law Outline (in the World) Labor Law Career (in the World) Labor Law Overtime (in the World) Child Labor Law (in the World) Labor Law Key Terms (in the World) Labor Law Glossary (in the World)...
54. Gross Register Ton Synonymous with Gross Ton (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
55. Sales Tax Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Sales Tax) Ad Valorem Tax (sometimes, including Sales Tax) Alternative Minimum Tax (sometimes, including Sales Tax) Big Four (audit firms) (sometimes, including Sales Tax) Black Market [...]...
56. Government Purchases In the United States For information about Government purchases in the context of international trade, click here...
57. Subsidy Summary of Subsidy A payment or other emolument prodded by a governmental authority for the purpose of advancing an economic objective defined as being in the public interest. Usually the object is to make available certain goods or services that, in the absence of a subsidy to the [...]...
58. Customs Legal Issues Customs were the original form of international commercial law. As we have seen in the history of lex mercatoria, the customs existed before any statute of commercial law was made and were often the basis for legislation.(1) Customs in International Trade Meaning of Customs, [...]...
59. Tax Code Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Tax Code) Ad......
60. History of Chinese Law Shang Dynasty (c.16th?11th Century BCE)For more information about this section, in the context of legal history, see the main entry in this legal encyclopedia. Western Chou Dynasty (c.1045?771 BCE)For more information about this section, in the context of legal history, see the [...]...
61. State Supervision Literature Review on (Local Government) State Supervision of Budgets and Finance In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Julia Beckett offers the following summary about the topic of (Local Government) State Supervision of Budgets and Finance: States have the [...]...
62. Social Charters European Social Charter and Europe There is an entry on european social charter in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "European Social Charter" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by [...]...
63. National Accounting Resources See Also National Income National Accounts Expenditure Gross National Income Net National Income...
64. National Budget Resources See Also National Income National Accounts Expenditure Gross National Income Net National Income...
65. Estate Tax Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Estate Tax) Ad Valorem Tax (sometimes, including Estate Tax) Alternative Minimum Tax (sometimes, including Estate Tax) Big Four (audit firms) (sometimes, including Estate Tax) Black [...]...
66. Fiscal Policy Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Fiscal Policy) Ad Valorem Tax (sometimes, including Fiscal Policy) Alternative Minimum Tax (sometimes, including Fiscal Policy) Big Four (audit firms) (sometimes, including Fiscal Policy) [...]...
67. English Local Law The Legal History of English Local LawThis section provides an overview of English Local Law ResourcesSee AlsoLegal Biography Legal Traditions Historical Laws History of Law Further Reading English Local Law in the Oxford International Encyclopedia of Legal History (Oxford University Press) [...]...
68. Tripartism Tripartism in the International Trade Union Rights Area Definition of Tripartism provided by ITUC-CSI-IGB: The principle of involvement of and interaction between three parties having equal status, namely the social partners and the government. See social dialogue, International Labour [...]...
69. Government-Sponsored Enterprises Literature Review on Government-Sponsored Enterprises (GSEs) In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Stuart C. Strother and Steven G. Koven provide the following summary about the topic of Government-Sponsored Enterprises (GSEs): Government-sponsored enterprises [...]...
70. Double Taxation Summary of Double Taxation The condition that arises when a multinational firm is taxed on overseas income in both the source country and the country of the corporation's domicile. This problem arises because nations use varying systems of taxation. Recognizing that double taxation is [...]...
71. Indirect Tax Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Indirect Tax) "https://lawin.org/Ad-valorem-tax/" target="_blank"......
72. Tax Law Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Tax Law) Ad Valorem Tax (sometimes, including Tax Law) Alternative Minimum Tax (sometimes, including Tax Law) Big Four (audit firms) (sometimes, including Tax Law) Black Market [...]...
73. Government Bailout Law Most Popular Entries related to Government Bailout Law Government Law (in the World) Government Law College (in the World) Government Law Jobs (in the World) Government Bailout Law (in the World) Local Government Law (in the World) Government Law Enforcement Agencies (in the World) [...]...
74. Government Law College Most Popular Entries related to Government Law College Government Law (in the World) Government Law College (in the World) Government Law Jobs (in the World) Government Bailout Law (in the World) Local Government Law (in the World) Government Law Enforcement Agencies (in the World) [...]...
75. Single-family First Mortgage Loans Single-family First Mortgage Loans in relation with Real Estate Loans This content deals with legal and regulatory aspects of Single-family First Mortgage Loans covered in connexion with Real Estate Loans and banking / lending Institutions....
76. Income Tax Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Income Tax) Ad Valorem Tax (sometimes, including Income Tax) Alternative Minimum Tax (sometimes, including Income Tax) Big Four (audit firms) (sometimes, including Income Tax) Black [...]...
77. Income Distribution Related Fields Related topics include: Disposable Income Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Bankruptcy Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Inequality Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Wage Find this subject in this World legal [...]...
78. Agricultural Income Resources See Also Income Distribution Bankruptcy Inequality...
79. Income Generating Activities Resources See Also Income Distribution Bankruptcy Inequality...
80. Income Tax Law Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Income Tax Law) ...
81. Income Income or Consumption, Shares of Income (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Income or Consumption, Shares of Income means: the shares of consumption accruing to subgroups of population indicated by deciles or quintiles, based on national household surveys covering various years. [...]...
82. Net Income Resources See Also Distributable net income Net profits Taxable income...
83. Income Taxation ContentsIncome TaxationIncome Taxation as a Specialized Area of AccountingMore Accounting EntriesFinancial ReportingAccounting PrinciplesThe Balance SheetThe Income StatementRegulations and Standards in ... Read more...
84. Income Statement ContentsThe Income StatementMore Accounting EntriesSpecialized AccountingFinancial ReportingAccounting PrinciplesThe Balance SheetRegulations and Standards in the United StatesSee Also The Income Statement ... Read more...
85. Income Explosion A dramatic increase in per capita income, especially where the income increases are well dispersed throughout the population. Such income increases will stimulate consumer demand, usually reflected in an increase of imports.......
86. Gross Income Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Gross Income) Ad Valorem Tax (sometimes, including Gross Income) Alternative Minimum Tax (sometimes, including Gross Income) Big Four (audit firms) (sometimes, including Gross Income) [...]...
87. Financial Income Spanish Translation of financial incomeThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to financial income and / or a definition of this topic: Renta Financiera (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry)....
88. Disposable Income Gross National Disposable Income (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Gross National Disposable Income means: derived from gross national income by adding current transfers from the rest of the world minus current transfers to the rest of the world (including net value of [...]...
89. Earned Income Earned Income (ppp Us$), Estimated (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Earned Income (ppp Us$), Estimated means: derived on the basis of the ratio of the female nonagricultural wage to the male nonagricultural wage, the female and male shares of the economically active population, [...]...
90. Income Differentiation Decile Ratios of Income Differentiation (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Decile Ratios of Income Differentiation means: ratio between the minimum income 10% of the wealthiest and highest-income families the most low income or people....
91. National Income Related Fields Related topics include: National Income Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. National Accounts Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Expenditure Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Gross National Income Find this subject in this World [...]...
92. Child's Income Tax Resources See Also Clifford trust Kiddie tax...
93. Cash Income Resources See Also Bookkeeping Accounting Accounting Ethics Public Accountant Accounting Principles...
94. Income Maintenance Resources See Also Social Assistance Welfare Social Protection Social Services Social work...
95. Negative Income Tax Resources See Also Social Assistance Welfare Social Protection Social Services Social work...
96. Household Income Resources See Also Social Protection Social Security Employment Affairs Welfare State...
97. Income Redistribution Resources See Also Social Protection Social Security Employment Affairs Welfare State...
98. Guaranteed Income Resources See Also Social Protection Social Security Employment Affairs Welfare State Family Responsibility...
99. Adjusted Gross Income Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Adjusted Gross Income) Ad Valorem Tax (sometimes, including Adjusted Gross Income) Alternative Minimum Tax (sometimes, including Adjusted Gross Income) Big Four (audit firms) (sometimes, [...]...
100. Gross National Income Gross National Income (gni) (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Gross National Income (gni) means: comprises the market value of all products and services generated regardless of where the output is produced in given period (i.e., its gross domestic product, plus net receipts of [...]...
101. Assignment-of-income Doctrine Description of Assignment-of-income Doctrine In this reference work, assignment-of-income doctrine is a sort of the Family law category. Resources See Also Family law...
102. Accumulated Taxable Income Resources See Also Accumulated earnings tax...
103. Anticipatory Assignment of Income Resources See Also Assignment (Assignment of income)...
104. Should Trusts file income tax returns to the IRS? ContentsShould Trusts file income tax returns to the IRS?State RulesForeign TrustsConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in ... Read more...
105. Guide to Legal Assistance for Lower Income ContentsGuide to Legal Assistance for Lower Income PersonsConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/s Guide to Legal Assistance ... Read more...
106. Income Poverty Line, Population Below Population Below Income Poverty Line (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Population Below Income Poverty Line means: percentage of the population living below the specified poverty line (PPP $1.25 a day and the national poverty line). The national poverty line is the poverty [...]...
107. Adjusted Ordinary Gross Income Resources See Also Personal holding company income...
108. Means Tested Income Support Resources See Also Social Assistance Welfare Social Protection Social Services Social work...
109. Low cost internet US legal research ContentsLow cost internet US Legal Research Judicial (cases, dockets, rules of court)Court & related websitesLegislative ( Constitutions , statutes, ordinances, ... Read more...
110. Lockewill, Inc. v. United States Shoe ContentsLockewill, Inc. v. United States Shoe Corp.Related case: Bak-A-Lum Corp. of America v. Alcoa Building Products, Inc.ConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ... Read more...
111. Locarno Agreement establishing an International Classification for Industrial Designs Locarno Agreement establishing an International Classification for Industrial Designs Title of the Treaty Locarno Agreement Establishing an International Classification for ... Read more...
112. London Guidelines for the Exchange of Information on Chemicals in International Trade 2 Contents London Guidelines for the Exchange of Information on Chemicals in International Trade ConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s ... Read more...
113. London Guidelines for the Exchange of Information on Chemicals in International Trade 3 Contents London Guidelines for the Exchange of Information on Chemicals in International Trade ConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s ... Read more...
114. Load-Line A marking painted on the bow of merchant vessels, denoting how much cargo may be loaded aboard, as determined by how low in the water the ship may ride. The object of the mark is to prevent the overloading of a ship, with attendant risk to its safety. The load-line marks are sometimes known as the P......
115. Loadcenter A geographical point at which cargo from outlying points is routinely collected for onward carriage. For example, cargo moving from Philadelphia and Norfolk to Europe may be transported by barge or other means to Baltimore where it is loaded upon a Europe-bound vessel. The purpose of operating a loa......
116. Loading Summary of Loading A risk premium in addition to interest charges and acceptance fees deducted by a bank or discount house from the face value of a bill of exchange (read here for further details) presented for discounting. This additional margin will vary, depending upon the quality of the [...]...
117. Location Theory A theory that, all things being equal, a firm will locate its manufacturing and distribution facilities wherever transportation charges will be lowest on the production inputs and the outbound movement of finished products.......
118. Loco A term used in commodity markets to designate a geographic point for delivery of a given commodity, e.g., "wheat loco Chicago."......
119. Lombard Loans Short-term loans in Britain and some European countries secured by bonds or corporate securities; the rate of such loans is slightly higher than the commercial loan rate.......
120. Lombard Rate The interest rate charged West German commercial banks on loans from the central bank using securities as collateral.......