Judges of the International Court of Justice

Judges of the International Court of Justice

Embracing mainstream international law, this section on judges of the international court of justice explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here.

The Judges of the I. C. J. (1986 – 1990)

• Roberto AGO: Italy. 6.2.1979 – (5. 2.1997)
• Mohammed BEDJAOUI: Algeria. 19. 3.1982 – (5. 2.1997)
• Taslim Olawale ELIAS: Nigeria. 6. 2.1976-14. 8.1991 (+) (President 1982-1985)
• Jens EVENSON: Norway. 6. 2.1985-(5. 2.1994)
• Gilbert GUILLAUME: France. 14. 9.1987-(5. 2.2000)
• Sir Robert Yewdall JENNINGS: United Kingdom. 6. 2.1982-(5. 2.2000)
• Manfred LACHS: Poland. 6. 2.1967-(5. 2.1994) (President 1973-1976)
• Guy LADREIT DE LACHARRIERE: France. 6. 2.1982-10. 3.1987(+) (Vice-President 1985-1987)
• Kéba MBAYE: Senegal. 6. 2.1982- 5. 2.1991 (Vice-President 1988-1991)
• Mohammed SHAHABUDDEEN: Guyana. 6. 2.1988-(5. 2.1997)
• NAGENDRA SINGH: India. 6. 2.1973-11.12.1988(+) (Vice-President 1976-1979, President 1985-1988)
• NI ZHENGYU: China. 6. 2.1985-(5. 2.1994)
• Shigeru ODA: Japan. 6. 2.1976-(5. 2.1994)
• Raghunandan Swarup PATHAK: India. 18. 4.1989- 5. 2.1991
• José Maria RUDA: Argentina. 6. 2.1973-(5. 2.1991) (President 1988-1991)
• Stephen M. SCHWEBEL: USA. 15. 1.1981-(5. 2.1997)
• José SETTE-CAMARA: Brazil. 6. 2.1979- 5. 2.1988 (Vice-President 1982-1985)
• Nikolai Konstantinovitch TARASSOV: USSR. 9.12.1985-(5. 2.1997)

Judges ad hoc 1986 – 1990

• Georges ABI-SAAB: Mali Frontier Dispute (Burkina Faso v.Republic of Mali)
• François LUCHAIRE: Burkina Faso Frontier Dispute (Burkina Faso v. Republic of Mali)
• Claude-Albert COLLIARD: Nicaragua Military and Paramilitary Activities in and against Nicaragua (Nicaragua v.United States of America)
• Nicolas VALTICOS: El Salvador Case concerning the Land, Island and Maritime Frontier Dispute (El Salvador v. Honduras)
• Michel VIRALLY, Honduras (died 27. 2. 1989): Case concerning the Land, Island and Maritime Frontier Dispute (El Salvador v. Honduras)
• Paul Henning FISCHER, Denmark: Case concerning Maritime Delimitation in the Area between Greenland and Jan Mayen (Denmark v. Norway)
• Santiago TORRES BERNARDEZ, Honduras: Case concerning the Land, Island and Maritime Frontier Dispute (El Salvador v. Honduras)
• Hubert THIERRY, Guinea-Bissau: Arbitral Award of 31 July 1989 (Guinea-Bissau v. Senegal)

The Judges of the I. C. J. (1991 – 1995)

• Roberto AGO, Italy: 6.2.1979 – 24.2.1995 (+)
• Andrés AGUILAR-MAWDSLEY, Venezuela: 6.2.1991 – 24.10.1995 (+)
• Mohammed BEDJAOUI, Algeria: 19.3.1982 – (5.2.1997) (President 1994 – 1997)
• Taslim Olawale ELIAS, Nigeria: 6.2.1976 – 14.8.1991 (+) (President 1982 – 1985)
• Jens EVENSEN, Norway: 6.2.1985 – 5.2.1994
• Luigi FERRARI BRAVO, Italy: 21.6.1995 – (5.2.1997)
• Carl-August FLEISCHHAUER, Germany: 6.2.1994 – (5.2.2003)
• Gilbert GUILLAUME, France: 14.9.1987 – (5.2.2000)
• Géza HERCZEGH, Hungary: 10.5.1993 – (5.2.2003)
• Rosalyn HIGGINS, United Kingdom: 12.7.1995 – (5.2.2000)
• Sir Robert Yewdall JENNINGS, United Kingdom: 6.2.1982 – 10.7.1995 (President 1991 – 1994)
• Abdul G. KOROMA, Sierra Leone: 6.2.1994 – (5.2.2003)
• Manfred LACHS Poland 6.2.1967 – 14.1.1993 (+) (President 1973 – 1976)
• Kéba MBAYE Senegal 6.2.1982 – 5.2.1991 (Vice-President 1988 – 1991)
• Mohammed SHAHABUDDEEN Guyana 6.2.1988 – (5.2.1997)
• NI ZHENGYU China 6.2.1985 – 5.2.1994
• Shigeru ODA Japan 6.2.1976 – (5.2.2003) (Vice-President 1991 – 1994)
• Raghunandan Swarup PATHAK India 18.4.1989 – 5.2.1991
• Raymond RANJEVA Madagascar 6.2.1991 – (5.2.2000)
• José Maria RUDA Argentina 6.2.1973 – 5.2.1991 (President 1988 – 1991)
• Stephen M. SCHWEBEL USA 15.1.1981 – (5.2.1997) (Vice-President 1994 – 1997)
• SHI JIUYONG China 6.2.1994 – (5.2.2003)
• Nikolai K. TARASSOV USSR 9.12.1985 – 28.9.1994 (+)
• Vladlen S. VERESCHCHETIN USSR 26.1.1995 – (5.2.1997)
• Christopher G.WEERAMANTRY Sri Lanka 6.2.1991 – (5.2.2000)

Judges ad hoc 1991 – 1995

• Mohsen AGHAHOSSEINI Islamic Republic of Iran Aerial Incident of 3 July 1988 (Islamic Republic of Iran v. United States of America)
• Bola A. AJIBOLA Nigeria Land and Maritime Boundary between Cameroon and Nigeria (Cameroon v. Nigeria)
• Georges ABI-SAAB Chad Territorial Dispute (Lybian Arab Jamahiriya v. Chad)
• Antonio de ARRUDA FERRER-CORREIRA Portugal East Timor (Portugal v. Australia)
• Bengt BROMS Finland Passage through the Great Belt (Finland v. Denmark)
• Claude-Albert COLLIARD Nicaragua Military and Paramilitary Activities in and against Nicaragua (Nicaragua v. United States of America)
• Ahmed Sadek EL-KOSHERI Lybian Arab Jamahiriya Questions of Interpretation and Application of the 1971 Montreal Convention arising from the Aerial Incident at Lockerbie (Lybian Arab Jamahiriya v. United Kingdom)
• Lybian Arab Jamahiriya Questions of Interpretation and Application of the 1971 Montreal Convention arising from the Aerial Incident at Lockerbie (Lybian Arab Jamahiriya v. United States of America)
• Paul Henning FISCHER Denmark Case concerning Maritime Delimitation in the Area between Greenland and Jan Mayen (Denmark v. Norway)
• Denmark Passage through the Great Belt (Denmark v. Norway)
• Milenko KRECA Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (Bosnia and Herzegovina v. Yugoslavia [Serbia and Montenegro])
• Marc LALONDE Canada Fisheries Jurisdiction (Spain v. Canada)
• Elihu LAUTERPACHT Bosnia and Herzegovina Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishmen of the Crime of Genocide (Bosnia and Herzegovina v. Yugoslavia [Serbia and Montenegro])
• Kéba MBAYE Senegal Arbitral Award of 31 July1989 (Guinea-Bissau v. Senegal). Following the expriry of Judge Mbaye’s term of office on 5 February 1991 Senegal no longer had a judge of its nationality on the bench. It therefore chose Mr. Mbaye to sit as judge ad hoc.
• Cameroon Land and Maritime Boundary between Cameroon and Nigeria (Cameroon v. Nigeria)
• Sir Geoffey PALMER New Zealand Request for an Examination of the Situation in accordance with Paragraph 63 of the Court’s 1974 Judgment in the Nucelar Tests Case (New Zealand v. France)
• Francois RIGAUX Islamic Republic of Iran Oil Platforms (Islamic Republic of Iran v. United States of America)
• José Maria RUDA Qatar Maritime Delimitation and Territorial Questions between Qatar and Bahrain (Qatar v. Bahrain). Judge ad hoc Ruda passed away 7 July 1994; Qatar then chose M. Torres-Bernárdez to sit as judge ad hoc.
• José SETTE-CAMARA Lybian Arab Jamahiriya Territorial Dispute (Lybian Arab Jamahiriya v. Chad)
• Krysztof SKUBISZEWSKI Portugal East Timor (Portugal v. Australia). After the resignation of judge ad hoc de Arruda Ferrer-Correira, which became effective on 14 July 1994, M. Skubiszewski was chosen by Portugal to sit as judge ad hoc.
• Slovakia Gabcíkovo-Nagymaros Project (Hungary v. Slovakia)
• Sir Ninian STEPHEN Australia East Timor (Portugal v. Australia)
• Hubert THIERRY Guinea-Bissau Arbitral Award of 31 July1989 (Guinea-Bissau v. Senegal)
• Santiago TORRES BERNARDEZ Honduras Case concerning the Land, Island and Maritime Frontier Dispute (El Salvador v. Honduras)
• Qatar Maritime Delimitation and Territorial Questions between Qatar and Bahrain (Qatar v. Bahrain). After the passing away of judge ad hoc Ruda on 7 July 1994, M. Torres-Bernárdez was chosen by Qatar to sit as judge ad hoc in the case. Spain Fisheries Jurisdiction (Spain v. Canada)
• Nicolas VALTICOS El Salvador Case concerning the Land, Island and Maritime Frontier Dispute (El Salvador v. Honduras) Bahrain Maritime Delimitation and Territorial Questions between Qatar and Bahrain (Qatar v. Bahrain). Judge ad hoc Valticos resigned after the judgment on jurisdiction and admissibilty.

The Judges of the I. C. J. (1996 – 2000)

• Awn Shawkat AL-KHASAWNEH Jordan 6.2.2000 – (5.2.2009)
• Mohammed BEDJAOUI Algeria 19.3.1982 – 30.9.2001 (President 1994 – 1997)
• Thomas BUERGENTHAL United States of America 2.3.2000 – (5.2.2006)
• Luigi FERRARI-BRAVO Italy 21.6.1995 – 5.2.1997
• Carl-August FLEISCHHAUER Germany 6.2.1994 – (5.2.2003)
• Gilbert GUILLAUME France 14.9.1987 – (5.2.2009) (President 2000 – (2003))
• Géza HERCZEGH Hungary 10.5.1993 – (5.2.2003)
• Rosalyn HIGGINS United Kingdom 12.7.1995 – (5.2.2009)
• Pieter H. KOOIJMANS Netherlands 6.2.1997 – (5.2.2006)
• Abdul G. KOROMA Sierra Leone 6.2.1994 – (5.2.2003)
• Shigeru ODA Japan 6.2.1976 – (5.2.2003)
• Gonzalo PARRA-ARANGUREN Venezuela 28.2.1996 – (5.2.2009)
• Raymond RANJEVA Madagascar 6.2.1991 – (5.2.2009)
• Francisco REZEK Brazil 6.2.1997 – (5.2.2006)
• Stephen M. SCHWEBEL United States of America 15.1.1981 – 29.2.2000 (President 1997 – 2000, Vice-President 1994 – 1997)
• Mohammed SHAHABUDDEEN Guyana 6.2.1988 – 5.2.1997
• SHI Jiuyong China 6.2.1994 – (5.2.2003) (Vice-President 2000 – (2003))
• Vladlen S. VERESHCHETIN Russian Federation 26.1.1995 – (5.2.2006)
• Christopher G. WEERAMANTRY Sri Lanka 6.2.1991 – 5.2.2000 (Vice-President 1997 – 2000)

Judges ad hoc 1996 – 2000

• Mohsen AGHAHOSSEINI Islamic Republic of Iran Aerial Incident of 3 July 1988 (Islamic Republic of Iran v. United States of America)
• Bola A. AJIBOLA Nigeria Land and Maritime Boundary between Cameroon and Nigeria (Cameroon v. Nigeria)
• Ahmed Sadek AL-KOSHERI Libya Questions of Interpretation and Application of the 1971 Montreal Convention arising from the Aerial Incident at Lockerbie (Libyan Arab Jamahiriya v. United Kingdom, Lybian Arab Jamahiriya v. United States of America)
• John DUGARD Rwanda Armed Activities on the Territory of the Congo (Democratic Republic of the Congo v. Rwanda)
• Patrick DUINSLAEGER Belgium Legality of Use of Force (Yugoslavia v. Belgium)
• Yves L. FORTIER Bahrain Maritime Delimitation and Territorial Questions between Qatar and Bahrain (Qatar v. Bahrain). After Mr. Shahabuddeen had resigned, Bahrain chose Mr. Fortier to sit as a judge ad hoc.
• Giorgio GAJA Italy Legality of Use of Force (Yugoslavia v. Italy)
• Sir Robert JENNINGS United Kingdom Questions of Interpretation and Application of the 1971 Montreal Convention arising from the Aerial Incident at Lockerbie (Libyan Arab Jamahiriya v. United Kingdom). After Judge Higgins had recused herself, the United Kingdom chose Sir Robert Jennings to sit as a judge ad hoc.
• Milenko KRECA Yugoslavia, Yugoslavia Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (Bosnia and Herzegovina v. Yugoslavia)
• Legality of Use of Force (Yugoslavia v. Belgium; Yugoslavia v. Canada; Yugoslavia v.France; Yugoslavia v.Germany; Yugoslavia v. Italy; Yugoslavia v. Netherlands; Yugoslavia v. Portugal; Yugoslavia v. United Kingdom)
• Marc LALONDE Canada, Canada Fisheries Jurisdiction (Spain v. Canada) Legality of Use of Force (Yugoslavia v. Canada)
• Elihu LAUTERPACHT Bosnia and Herzegovina Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (Bosnia and Herzegovina v. Yugoslavia)
• Kéba MBAYE Cameroon Land and Maritime Boundary between Cameroon and Nigeria (Cameroon v. Nigeria)
• Syed Sharif Uddin PIRZADA Pakistan Aerial Incident of 10 August 1999 (Pakistan v. India)
• B.P. Jeevan REDDY India Aerial Incident of 10 August 1999 (Pakistan v. India)
• François RIGAUX Iran Oil Platforms (Islamic Republic of Iran v. United States of America)
• Jean J.A. SALMON Burundi Armed Activities on the Territory of the Congo (Democratic Republic of the Congo v. Burundi)
• Mohamed SHAHABUDDEEN Bahrain, Indonesia Maritime Delimitation and Territorial Questions between Qatar and Bahrain (Qatar v. Bahrain). Mr. Shahabuddeen resigned in the course of the proceedings; Bahrain then chose Mr. Fortier to sit as a judge ad hoc.
  Sovereignty over Pulau Ligitan and Pulau Sipadan (Indonesia v. Malaysia)
• Krysztof J. KUBISZEWSKI Slovakia Gabcikovo-Nagymaros Project (Hungary v. Slovakia)
• Santiago TORRES BERNARDEZ Qatar, Spain Maritime Delimitation and Territorial Questions between Qatar and Bahrain (Qatar v. Bahrain). After the passing away of judge ad hoc Ruda on 7 July 1994, Mr. Torres Bernárdez was chosen by Qatar to sit as a judge ad hoc in the case.
• Fisheries Jurisdiction (Spain v. Canada), Budislav VUKAS Croatia Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (Croatia v. Yugoslavia)
• Christopher G. WEERAMANTRY Malaysia Sovereignty over Pulau Ligitan and Pulau Sipadan (Indonesia v. Malaysia)

Resources

Further Reading

• The entry “international court of justice, judges of” in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law (currently, the Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law, 2009), Oxford University Press