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1. European Union law Part 19 Contents European Union law Part 19250LAW JOURNAL / LAW REVIEW251LAW JOURNAL / LAW REVIEW252LAW JOURNAL / LAW REVIEW253LAW JOURNAL / ... Read more...
2. Economic Community European Economic Community (EEC) and Europe There is an entry on european economic community (eec) in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "European Economic Community (EEC)" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from [...]...
3. European Union law Part 17 Contents European Union law Part 17227LAW JOURNAL / LAW REVIEW228LAW JOURNAL / LAW REVIEW229LAW JOURNAL / LAW REVIEW230LAW JOURNAL / ... Read more...
4. Treaties Office Treaties Office and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Treaties Office provided by the European Union Commission: The Treaties Office of DG External Relations of the European Commission, has two main roles: to advice on practice and procedural matters relating to the different [...]...
5. Community Transit Community transit and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Community transit provided by the European Union Commission: Customs procedure that allows goods to be moved from one point in the Community to another. Resources See Also Popular Treaties Topics Treaties of the United [...]...
6. Treaty of Rome Treaty Of Rome Summary of Treaty Of Rome The document, signed at Rome in 1957 (effective January 1, 1958), by which the six founding states established the European Economic Community (read this and related legal terms for further details). (Main Author: William J. Miller) The Treaty of [...]...
7. European Union law Part 6 Contents European Union law Part 665LAW JOURNAL / LAW REVIEW66LAW JOURNAL / LAW REVIEW67LAW JOURNAL / LAW REVIEW68LAW JOURNAL / ... Read more...
8. Berne Convention Definition of Berne Convention In accordance with the work A Dictionary of Law, this is a description of Berne Convention : The Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works: an international convention of September 1886 that sets out ground rules for protection of [...]...
9. Combined Nomenclature Combined nomenclature (CN) and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Combined nomenclature (CN) provided by the European Union Commission: A systematic list of goods descriptions based on the Harmonized System, serving for the purposes of the Common Customs Tariff, external trade [...]...
10. Association Agreement Stabilisation and association agreement and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Stabilisation and association agreement provided by the European Union Commission: A bilateral agreement, which establishes a single basis for assisting a country. Each EU candidate country has such [...]...
11. European Monetary Union Meaning of European Monetary Union Here is a very short concept of european monetary union in the European Union framework: It is a common mistake that EMU means European monetary union. In fact the initials stand for Economic and Monetary Union, a more far-reaching goal. Resources Notas y [...]...
12. Mutual Recognition Mutual recognition and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Mutual recognition provided by the European Union Commission: A principle of international law whereby States party to an agreement decide that they will recognise and uphold legal decisions taken by competent authorities [...]...
13. Community Preference Summary of Community Preference A component principle of the Common Agricultural Policy (read this and related legal terms for further details) of the European Economic Community.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Community Preference and Europe There is an entry on community [...]...
14. European Payments Union Summary of European Payments Union An intra-European mechanism for the periodic settlement of trade balances. The EPU was established July 1, 1950, among the members of the Organization for European Economic Cooperation (read this and related legal terms for further details) (OEEC) to [...]...
15. Legal Personality The Legal History of Legal Personality in Islamic Law This section provides an overview of Legal Personality in Islamic Law Legal Personality and Europe There is an entry on legal personality in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Legal [...]...
16. Justice Cooperation Title IV EC treaty - Title VI EU treaty and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Title IV EC treaty - Title VI EU treaty provided by the European Union Commission: The legal bases for EU legislation on justice and home affairs. Title IV of the European Community Treaty covers free [...]...
17. European Neighbourhood Policy European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) The European Neighbourhood Policy, abbreviated as ENP, was developed in 2004, with the objective of avoiding the emergence of new dividing lines between the enlarged European Union (EU) and its neighbours to the South and East Through the ENP, the EU offers [...]...
18. European Union law Part 25 Contents European Union law Part 25342LAW JOURNAL / LAW REVIEW343LAW JOURNAL / LAW REVIEW344LAW JOURNAL / LAW REVIEW345LAW JOURNAL / ... Read more...
19. European Coal And Steel Community European Coal And Steel Community Summary of European Coal And Steel Community One of three component entities within the European Communities, the coal and steel organization was formed following World War II to permit member states to equalize their access to iron and steel resources. The [...]...
20. Community Law Community Law, law of the member states of the European Union (EU), as adopted by the union's Council of Ministers. The European Court of Justice interprets and applies EU law. Community law forms part of the law of states and prevails over national law. (1) Community Law and Europe There [...]...
21. European Union law Part 26 Contents European Union law Part 26352LAW JOURNAL / LAW REVIEW353LAW JOURNAL / LAW REVIEW354LAW JOURNAL / LAW REVIEW355LAW JOURNAL / ... Read more...
22. European Atomic Energy Community Summary of European Atomic Energy Community One of the three components of the European Communities, established by the Treaty of Rome in 1957. The entity, known commonly as Euratom, was created by member states of the European Coal and Steel Community (at that time, France, Italy, Federal [...]...
23. European Union law Part 5 Contents European Union law Part 545LAW JOURNAL / LAW REVIEW46LAW JOURNAL / LAW REVIEW47LAW JOURNAL / LAW REVIEW48LAW JOURNAL / ... Read more...
24. European Union law Part 31 Contents European Union law Part 31411LAW JOURNAL / LAW REVIEW412LAW JOURNAL / LAW REVIEW413LAW JOURNAL / LAW REVIEW414LAW JOURNAL / ... Read more...
25. Signature Ad Referendum Signature ad referendum and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Signature ad referendum provided by the European Union Commission: A representative may sign a treaty "ad referendum", i.e., under the condition that the signature is confirmed by his state. In this case, [...]...
26. Defense Community European Defence Community (EDC) and Europe There is an entry on european defence community (edc) in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "European Defence Community (EDC)" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from [...]...
27. European Union law Part 12 Contents European Union law Part 12168LAW JOURNAL / LAW REVIEW169LAW JOURNAL / LAW REVIEW170LAW JOURNAL / LAW REVIEW171LAW JOURNAL / ... Read more...
28. Common Transit Common transit and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Common transit provided by the European Union Commission: Customs procedure for the carriage of goods between the Community and the EFTA countries and between the EFTA countries themselves. Resources See Also Popular [...]...
29. Treaty Summary Summary and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Summary provided by the European Union Commission: A treaty summary contains: • General Data : title; type (bilateral or multilateral); place and date of signature; objective; remarks; subject matter; key words; depositary; [...]...
30. EMU EMU (Economic and Monetary Union) and Europe There is an entry on emu (economic and monetary union) in the European legal encyclopedia. EMU and the European Union Resources See Also Economic and Monetary Union Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "EMU (Economic and Monetary [...]...
31. Green Paper Green Paper and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Green Paper provided by the European Union Commission: Commission Green Papers are documents intended to stimulate debate and launch a process of consultation at European level on a particular topic (such as social policy, the [...]...
32. European Union law Part 18 Contents European Union law Part 18240LAW JOURNAL / LAW REVIEW241LAW JOURNAL / LAW REVIEW242LAW JOURNAL / LAW REVIEW243LAW JOURNAL / ... Read more...
33. Cotonou Agreement Cotonou Agreement and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Cotonou Agreement provided by the European Union Commission: Signed in 2000, this agreement replaced the Lomé Convention. Its main objective is to create a new framework for co-operation between the members of the [...]...
34. Multilateral Environmental Agreements Basel Convention – MEA (Multilateral Environmental Agreements) and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Basel Convention – MEA (Multilateral Environmental Agreements) provided by the European Union Commission: A central goal of this MEA is "environmentally sound [...]...
35. European Union law Part 23 Contents European Union law Part 23310LAW JOURNAL / LAW REVIEW311LAW JOURNAL / LAW REVIEW312LAW JOURNAL / LAW REVIEW313LAW JOURNAL / ... Read more...
36. Treaty Objection Objection and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Objection provided by the European Union Commission: Any signatory or contracting state has the option of objecting to a reservation, inter alia, if, in its opinion, the reservation is incompatible with the object and purpose of [...]...
37. European Union law Part 13 Contents European Union law Part 13181LAW JOURNAL / LAW REVIEW182LAW JOURNAL / LAW REVIEW183LAW JOURNAL / LAW REVIEW184LAW JOURNAL / ... Read more...
38. Organization For European Economic Cooperation Organization For European Economic Cooperation Summary of Organization For European Economic Cooperation A post-World War II organization established to coordinate the reconstruction of Europe. The OEEC arose in response to an Anglo-French declaration in 1947 calling for European [...]...
39. Maastricht Treaty The Maastricht Treaty (a/k/a the "Treaty of Maastricht" or the "Treaty on Economic Union") created the Euro as Europe's single currency. The treaty was signed Feb. 1, 1992 and came into force Nov. 1, 1993, although the Euro didn't come into use until 1999. The Treaty is [...]...
40. Official Journal Official Journal (oj) and Europe There is an entry on official journal (oj) in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Official Journal (oj)" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney [...]...
41. Act of Formal Confirmation Act of Formal Confirmation and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Act of Formal Confirmation provided by the European Union Commission: "Act of formal confirmation" is used as an equivalent for the term "ratification" when an international organization [...]...
42. Intergovernment Community and intergovernmental methods and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Community and intergovernmental methods provided by the European Union Commission: The Community method is the expression used for the institutional operating mode set up in the first pillar of the [...]...
43. Joint Action Joint action (CFSP) and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Joint action (CFSP) provided by the European Union Commission: Joint action, which is a legal instrument under Title V of the Treaty on European Union (common foreign and security policy, CFSP), means coordinated action [...]...
44. Joint Resources See Also As to joint Annuity Ballot Committee Contract Covenant Creditor Custody Fiat Fine Indictment Obligation Obligee Obligor Owner Rate Resolution Session Tenancy Tenant Trespass Trespasser Trustee Will, see those titles. As to joint-stock banks, see Bank joint-stock company, [...]...
45. Joint Will Resources See Also Will...
46. Joint Rate Summary of Joint Rate A single factor rate applicable to the movement of goods through two or more carriers.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Resources See Also Joint through rate Rate...
47. Joint Venture Summary of Joint Venture A business enterprise with more than one equity participant; for example, an agreement between a German firm and a U.S. firm to capitalize jointly a new factory in Venezuela. Many countries impose restrictions on joint ventures; these restrictions may take the form [...]...
48. Joint Ventures Law Joint Ventures......
49. Joint and Several Liabiliy Spanish Translation of joint and several liabiliy and solidarityThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to joint and several liabiliy or solidarity and / or a definition of this topic: Solidaridad (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry)....
50. Joint Ventures In the United States For information about Joint ventures in the context of international trade, click here Literature Review on Joint Ventures In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Christopher Hawkins offers the following summary about the topic of Joint [...]...
51. Joint and Several Liability Joint and Several Liability in International Trade Meaning of Joint and Several Liability, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Liability for damages imposed on two or more individuals or legal entities who are responsible together and individually, allowing [...]...
52. Joint Committee Concept of Joint Committee Note: explore also the meaning of this legal term in the American Ecyclopedia of Law. Resources See Also Congress...
53. Joint Accounts Joint Accounts in relation with Checking and Savings Accounts This content deals with legal and regulatory aspects of Joint Accounts covered in connexion with Checking and Savings Accounts and banking / lending Institutions....
54. Joint Account Description of Joint Account In this reference work, joint account is a sort of the Banking category. Resources See Also Joint Tenancy Banking...
55. Joint Adoption Description of Joint Adoption In this reference work, joint adoption is a sort of the Family law category. Resources See Also Adoption Family law...
56. Joint Executors Resources See Also Co-executor...
57. Joint Adventure Resources See Also Community of interest Joint enterprise Joint venture...
58. Joint Negligence Resources See Also Compa_rative negligence Contribution Joint tort-feasors Negligence (Contributory negligence)...
59. Joint Offense Resources See Also Conspiracy...
60. Joint Liability Resources See Also Contribution Indemnity Joinder Joint and several liability Joint tort-feasors Liability...
61. Joint Tort Resources See Also Contribution Joint negligence Joint tort-teasors...
62. Joint Indictment Resources See Also Indictment...
63. Joint Cause of Action Resources See Also Joinder...
64. Joint Defendants Resources See Also Joinder Trial...
65. Joint Trial Resources See Also Joinder Trial...
66. Joint Enterprise Resources See Also Joint adventure Joint venture...
67. Joint Return Resources See Also Joint tax return...
68. Joint Estate Resources See Also Joint tenancy...
69. Joint Tenancy Resources See Also Tenancy...
70. Joint Ownership Resources See Also Tenancy (Joint tenancy)...
71. Joint Verdict Resources See Also Verdict...
72. Joint Consultation Resources See Also Social Integration Social Exclusion Community integration Social integration Racial integration Social Engagement Public Participation Social participation...
73. Joint Governance Resources See Also Trade Unionism Trade Union Chartism Trade Union Legislation Labor Dispute...
74. Joint Management Resources See Also Trade Unionism Trade Union Chartism Trade Union Legislation Labor Dispute...
75. Joint Tort-feasors Resources See Also Contribution...
76. Joint Venture Corporation Resources See Also Corporation...
77. Joint-stock Company Resources See Also Joint-stock association or company...
78. Joint-stock Insurance Company Resources See Also Stock insurance company...
79. Joint Statements At the Human Rights Council March Joint Statement at the Human Rights Council In relation to the international law practice and March Joint Statement at the Human Rights Council in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: International Human Rights About this subject: Discrimination [...]...
80. Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Organization United Nations United Nations System...
81. Several, Joint, and Solidary obligations Several, Joint, and Solidary obligations When there are multiple obligees and/or obligors, the obligation may be several, joint, or solidary. ... Read more...
82. Hindu Joint Family The Legal History of Hindu Joint FamilyThis section provides an overview of Hindu Joint Family ResourcesSee AlsoLegal Biography Legal Traditions Historical Laws History of Law Further Reading Hindu Joint Family in the Oxford International Encyclopedia of Legal History (Oxford University Press) [...]...
83. Contractual Joint Venture Contractual Joint Venture in International Trade Meaning of Contractual Joint Venture, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Agreement in which two parties come together for a particular business project and sign a contract outlining the terms under which they [...]...
84. Equity Joint Venture Equity Joint Venture (EJV) in International Trade Meaning of Equity Joint Venture (EJV), according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A type of joint venture in which two or more parties set up a separate legal company to act as the vehicle for carrying out the [...]...
85. Multiple Defendants and Joint Liability Multiple Defendants and Joint Liability in Private International Law This section contain conflict of laws information and cross references related to multiple defendants and joint liability on some major countries and additional jurisdictions. It covers key issues involved when citizens face [...]...
86. Provisions for the Joint NAMMCO Control Scheme for the Hunting of Marine Mammals Provisions for the Joint NAMMCO Control Scheme for the Hunting Of Marine Mammals (1996) Note: see specially the Agreement on ... Read more...
87. Enlargement of the European Union ContentsEnlargement of the European UnionConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/s Enlargement of the European Union In the ... Read more...
88. Federalism in the European Union ContentsFederalism in the European UnionConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these Entries Federalism in the European ... Read more...
89. Harmonisation in the European Union ContentsHarmonisation in the European UnionConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these Entries Harmonisation in the European ... Read more...
90. European Communities Summary of European Communities The name for the collective institution that embraces the European Economic Community, the European Atomic Energy Community, and the European Coal And Steel Community (qq.v.). Each of the three entities was established by separate convention, the earliest of [...]...
91. European Economic Community Summary of European Economic Community One of the three components of the European Communities. In March 1957, the members of the European Coal and Steel Community (France, Federal Republic of Germany, Italy, and the Benelux countries) expanded the sphere of economic cooperation through the [...]...
92. European Investment Bank Summary of European Investment Bank A multilateral development bank established in 1958 by the Treaty of Rome for the purpose of assisting in the balanced growth of the European economic community (read this and related legal terms for further details) (EEC). The bank grants long-term loans [...]...
93. European Monetary System Summary of European Monetary System A mechanism established by the European Communities to mitigate exchange rate fluctuations among the members and establish a zone of "monetary stability in Europe."The EMS is, in part, a fulfillment of the 1970 Werner Report (read this and [...]...
94. European Union Legal Materials Two sources for E.U. information stand out in my mind. First, the European Union'sEuropa, which posts (a) EU news and press releases, (b) links to EU Web sites, including the European Parliament, banks, courts and agencies and (c) the best collection of EU legal materials on [...]...
95. European Commission Spanish Translation of European Commission This is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to European Commission and / or a definition of this topic: Comisión Europea (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry). European Commission and the Treaties of the [...]...
96. European Parliament Spanish Translation of European Parliament This is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to European Parliament and / or a definition of this topic: Parlamento Europeo (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry). European Parliament and the Treaties of the [...]...
97. European Patent Convention European Patent Convention (EPC) in E.U. Patent System Nineteen European countries are parties to the European Patent Convention. A patent application filed under this convention will, when granted, usually automatically be effective in each of the countries designated by the applicant. [...]...
98. Composition of the European Commission Composition of the European Commission and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Composition of the European Commission provided by the European Union Commission: From the outset the Commission was always made up of two nationals of each of the most populated Member States and one [...]...
99. Council of the European Union Council of the European Union and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Council of the European Union provided by the European Union Commission: The Council of the European Union (the "Council of Ministers" or the "Council") is the Union's main [...]...
100. European Budget Budget and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Budget provided by the European Union Commission: All the Union's revenue and expenditure is entered in the Community budget on the basis of annual forecasts. The budget is governed by several principles, including: • unity: [...]...
101. European Central Bank European Central Bank (ECB) and the Treaties of the European Union Description of European Central Bank (ECB) provided by the European Union Commission: The European Central Bank was inaugurated on 30 June 1998. On 1 January 1999 it took over responsibility for implementing European monetary [...]...
102. European Council European Council and the Treaties of the European Union Description of European Council provided by the European Union Commission: The European Council is the term used to describe the regular meetings of the Heads of State or Government of the European Union Member States. Its purpose is to [...]...
103. European Development Fund EDF and the Treaties of the European Union Description of EDF provided by the European Union Commission: The European Development Fund is the main instrument for Community aid for development cooperation in the African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) countries and the Overseas Countries and [...]...
104. European Economic Area European Economic Area and the Treaties of the European Union Description of European Economic Area provided by the European Union Commission: Agreement Between the Community, and three Member States of the European Free Trade Area (EFTA)(not Switzerland) entered into force on 1 January 2004 [...]...
105. Pillars of the European Union Pillars of the European Union and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Pillars of the European Union provided by the European Union Commission: In Community parlance people often refer to the three pillars of the EU Treaty. These three pillars, which form the basic structure of [...]...
106. European Community European Community (EC) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of European Community (EC): (Previously known as the European Economic Community, or EEC; the term "European Communities" [...]...
107. European Monetary Institute European Monetary Institute (emi) and Europe There is an entry on european monetary institute (emi) in the European legal encyclopedia. European Monetary Institute and the European Union Resources See Also EMI Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "European Monetary Institute [...]...
108. European Anthem European Anthem and Europe There is an entry on european anthem in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "European Anthem" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney Leach (Profile [...]...
109. European Political Community European Political Community and Europe There is an entry on european political community in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "European Political Community" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to [...]...
110. Trans-European Networks Trans-european Networks (TENs) and Europe There is an entry on trans-european networks (tens) in the European legal encyclopedia. Trans-European networks and the European Union Resources See Also TENs Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Trans-european Networks (TENs)" in the [...]...
111. European Idea The European Idea and Europe There is an entry on the european idea in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "The European Idea" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney Leach [...]...
112. European Model European Model and Europe There is an entry on european model in the European legal encyclopedia. European model and the European Union Resources See Also European social model Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "European Model" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of [...]...
113. European Identity European Identity and Europe There is an entry on european identity in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "European Identity" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney Leach [...]...
114. European Company European Company and Europe There is an entry on european company in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "European Company" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney Leach (Profile [...]...
115. Act revising the Convention on the Grant of European Patents Hello ContentsAct revising the Convention on the Grant of European Patents Title of the ActAbout the Act revising the Convention ... Read more...
116. Revision of the European Patent Convention ContentsRevision of the European Patent Convention (EPC), November 2000ConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these Entries ... Read more...
117. European Convention on Human Rights Introduction The European Convention on Human Rights was a reaction against the horrific abuses of human rights that took place before and during the Second World War, followed by further abuses occurring within the newly formed Communist block. These led, in 1949, due in part to the [...]...
118. Qualified majority voting in the European Union Qualified majority voting in the European Union On most issues, the Council of the European Union takes its decisions by ... Read more...
119. Social partners in the European Union ContentsSocial partners in the European UnionSocial partners and their representativesConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these ... Read more...
120. List of European and UK Online Journals ContentsList of UK and European Legal e-JournalsSee AlsoConclusionNotesReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these Entries List of ... Read more...