Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. Juvenile Crime Introduction to Juvenile CrimeJuvenile Crime, in law, term denoting various offenses committed by children or youths under the age of 18. Such acts are sometimes referred to as juvenile delinquency. Children's offenses typically include delinquent acts, which would be considered crimes ......
2. Crimes In relation to religious matters, find out about Crimes and the following issues in this world legal Encyclopedia: Force, Priest, Preserve Order Interrupt, Liquors, Traffic Theory, Blasphemy, Crime Religion, God, Ridicule, Virgin Profanity, Proof, Excuse Sunday, Business, Fishing Charity, [...]...
3. Food Related Fields Related topics include: Food Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Agriculture Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Food Law Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Restaurant Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Related [...]...
4. Classification of Crimes Criminal Law: Classification of Crimes Introduction to Classification of Crimes Crimes are classified in many different ways: common law crimes versus statutory crimes, and crimes that are mala in se (evil in themselves) versus those that are mala prohibita (criminal only because the law says [...]...
5. Juvenile Introduction Juvenile This entry provides an overview of the legal framework of juvenile , with a description of the most significant features of juvenile at international level. Related Work and Conclusions Resources See Also Minor Youthful offender Resources See Also References (Papers) [...]...
6. Juvenile Delinquent Resources See Also Delinquent child...
7. Defenses to Crimes Defenses to Crimes in Criminal LawIntroduction to Defenses to CrimesDefense is a broad term that refers to numerous claims that serve to rebut (refute), mitigate (moderate), justify, or excuse conduct that the state has labeled criminal. Some defenses are factual. For example, an a......
8. Criminal Deterrence Criminal Law: Theories of Criminal Punishment DeterrenceIntroduction to Criminal DeterrenceThose who support the deterrence theory believe that if punishment is imposed upon a person who has committed a crime, the pain inflicted will dissuade the offender (and others) from repeatin......
9. Crime Detection History Crime Detection Historical BackgroundIntroduction to Crime Detection HistoryEarly criminal investigation was a crude process, relying on eyewitnesses, inferences, and confessions extracted under torture. In early 19th-century France, for instance, the principal technique for catchi......
10. Criminal Law Elements Elements of a CrimeIntroduction to Criminal Law ElementsCertain elements, or factors, must coexist in order for behavior to constitute a crime. To be guilty of a crime, a person must commit an act. Criminal liability is not imposed for thoughts without action. The person acting mus......
11. Irregular Migrant Resources See Also Labor Employment Law International Labor Law Industrial Safety Labour Labor Right Labor Policy Employment...
12. Juvenile Waiver Literature Review on Criminal Justice: Juvenile Waiver In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Craig Hemmens and Benjamin Steiner and Brandon L. Bang provide the following summary about the topic of Criminal Justice: Juvenile Waiver: This entry provides an [...]...
13. Juvenile Justice The Legal History of Juvenile Justice in United States LawThis section provides an overview of Juvenile Justice in United States Law ResourcesSee AlsoLegal Biography Legal Traditions Historical Laws History of Law Further Reading Juvenile Justice in United States Law in the Oxford [...]...
14. Accessories Parties to a Crime: Accessories Introduction to AccessoriesAn accessory before the fact is a party who aids or abets a crime or insists that a specified crime be committed but is not present at the scene at the time of the crime. Accessories before the fact or principals in the sec......
15. Entrapment Defenses to Crimes: Entrapment Introduction to Entrapment A person who is induced by the police to commit a crime that he or she would not have otherwise undertaken can claim the defense of entrapment. To prove the defense, the person must show that the idea for committing the crime originated [...]...
16. International Crimes Database International Crimes In relation to the international law practice and international crimes in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: International Criminal Law About this subject:Organized Crime Note: there is detailed information and resources under these [...]...
17. Crime Parties Parties to a CrimeIntroduction to Crime PartiesCriminal law distinguishes levels of responsibility based on the individual's degree of involvement in the crime. A person who enters the bank, aims a gun at the teller, and asks for all the money is classified differently than the......
18. Crimes Against Property Criminal Law: Crimes Against PropertyIntroduction to Crimes Against PropertyAnother major category of crimes concerns actions that affect another's property-either real or personal. Real property consists of land and structures attached to it, as well as the products of land be......
19. Crime Detection Introduction to Crime DetectionCrime Detection, discovery, identification, and analysis of criminal evidence as a means of law enforcement. The responsibility of law enforcement agencies is to detect crimes, apprehend the perpetrators, and provide evidence that will convince judges and juri......
20. Juvenile Courts In relation to religious matters, find out about Juvenile Courts and the following issues in this world legal Encyclopedia: Language, Insane, Good Faith Rector, Bigamy, Tobacco, Liquor Newspapers, Criticisms, Priest Clergyman, Discipline, Tribunals, Testimony, Argument Physical Discipline, [...]...
21. International Crime law resources Contents International Crime law resources General International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL) Introduction; Basic Principles; Administration and Structure; Finances; Machinery for ... Read more...
22. Social Causes Environmental and Social Theories of Crime Social CausesIntroduction to Social CausesOne of the first theories describing the influence of social factors on crime came from French sociologist Gabriel Tarde. In the late 1880s Tarde criticized the physical typology theories of Lombro......
23. Juvenile Law Most Popular Entries related to Juvenile Law Juvenile Law (in the World) Juvenile Law Outline (in the World) Juvenile Law Definition (in the World) Juvenile Law Breakers (in the World) Juvenile Law and Order (in the World) Juvenile Law Enforcement (in the World) Introduction This [...]...
24. Computer Intellectual Property Computer Crime and Intellectual Property Section Overview of Computer Crime and Intellectual Property Section in relation to cyber crime: [1]CCIPS was originally founded in 1991 as the ''DoJ Computer Crime Unit.'' In 1996 it was upgraded to Section status and now has dozens [...]...
25. Compound Compound Term in Legal Information Retrieval The following is a basic concept of Compound Term in relation to information retrieval. In addition to this, Compound Term may be applied to legal texts, including case law, legislation and scholarly works. Compound term can refer to a term [...]...
26. Criminal Restraint Criminal Law: Theories of Criminal Punishment RestraintIntroduction to Criminal RestraintSome believe that the goal of punishment is restraint. If a criminal is confined, executed, or otherwise incapacitated, such punishment will deny the criminal the ability or opportunity to comm......
27. Felony Felony, in common law, the second in seriousness of three classifications of crimes. The first classification is treason and the third, covering all minor offenses, is misdemeanors. The distinction between felonies and misdemeanors is artificial and corresponds roughly to that between grave [...]...
28. Age Introduction to Age A perpetrator's youth has long been a defense to criminal charges because children are deemed incapable of making rational decisions for which they should be held accountable. Under the common law, a child under 7 years of age is deemed too young to be criminally [...]...
29. Criminal Procedure Introduction to Criminal Procedure Criminal Procedure, body of law regulating the inquiry into whether a person has violated criminal law. Criminal procedure governs the investigation of crimes; the arrest, charging, and trial of accused criminals; and the sentencing of those convicted (found [...]...
30. Criminal Punishment Retribution Criminal Law: Theories of Criminal Punishment RetributionIntroduction to Criminal Punishment RetributionThe theory of retribution holds that punishment is imposed on the blameworthy party in order for society to vent its anger toward and exact vengeance upon the criminal. Supporter......
31. Social Learning Theories Psychological Theories of Crime: Social Learning TheoriesIntroduction to Social Learning TheoriesSocial learning theories propose that people internalize moral codes more through the process of socialization-learning behaviors through interaction with others-rather than through a s......
32. Crimes Against the Government Criminal Law: Crimes Against Government:Introduction to Crimes Against the GovernmentA government has the authority to protect itself against injury and destruction and to protect its administrative functions from corruption. To promote these objectives, it may define certain activ......
33. Crime Deterrence Purposes of Imprisonment Societal Protection and Crime DeterrenceIntroduction to Crime DeterrenceLocking up dangerous criminals or persistent nonviolent offenders means that society will be protected from them for the duration of their sentences. Thus, imprisoning criminals tempora......
34. Crimes Against Sexual Morality Criminal Law: Crimes Against Sexual Morality:Introduction to Crimes Against Sexual MoralityA number of crimes involve sexual conduct. Rape, which has already been discussed as a crime against the person, is sometimes classified among these crimes. Fornication and adultery, in juris......
35. Juvenile Offenders Resources See Also Delinquent child...
36. International Organization for Migration International Organization for Migration (IOM) Introduction Established in 1951, the International Organization for Migration is the leading intergovernmental organization in the field of migration. With 157 member states, an additional 10 states holding observer status, and offices in over [...]...
37. International Migration Resources See Also Civil Liberty Civil Right Legal Right Citizen Freedom Political Liberty Constitutional Right Political Right Freedom of Speech...
38. Migration Migration Definition Migration may be defined as the movement of people, especially of whole groups, from one place, region, or country to another, particularly with the intention of making permanent settlement in a new location. See more definitions about migration in the law dictionary. [...]...
39. Migration Law A Legacy of Fragmentation in Migration, Trade and Investment Law This section provides an overview of a legacy of fragmentation in migration, trade and investment law within the legal context of Trade, Investment and Migration in international economic law, with coverage of Labour Mobility [...]...
40. History of Migration Contents History of Migration Migration in Ancient History Among the most far-reaching series of ancient migrations were those of the ... Read more...
41. Migration of Workers Embracing mainstream international law, this section on migration of workers explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "migration of workers" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law [...]...
42. Cooperation in Migration International Fora on Cooperation in Migration This section provides an overview of international fora on cooperation in migration within the legal context of Trade, Investment and Migration in international economic law, with coverage of Labour Mobility (Main Regulatory Areas). Resources [...]...
43. Migration Policy Resources See Also Government Government Contract Local Government Public Administration Administrative Law Public Law...
44. Labor Migration Resources See Also Migration Internal Migration Immigration Law...
45. Return Migration Resources See Also Migration Internal Migration Immigration Law...
46. Rural Migration Resources See Also Urban Issues Urban Planning Urbanization Zoning Law...
47. Illegal Practice Resources See Also Social Problem Crime Delinquency Juvenile Delinquency Delinquent Social Issues Crime Prevention...
48. Inmate Resources See Also Social Problem Crime Delinquency Juvenile Delinquency Delinquent Social Issues Crime Prevention...
49. Human Trafficking See International Criminal Law - Transnational crime In late 2000, the United Nations for the first time in international law defined human trafficking in the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children (the Trafficking Protocol also called [...]...
50. Trafficking in Persons Definition Definition of “Trafficking in persons” based on the concept provided by the United Nations Protocol To Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking In Persons, Especially Women and Children, Supplementing the United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized [...]...
51. Criminology Introduction to Criminology According to Encarta, "Criminology, the scientific study of criminals and criminal behavior. Criminologists attempt to build theories that explain why crimes occur and test those theories by observing behavior. Criminological theories help shape society's [...]...
52. Capital Punishment Introduction Capital Punishment, legal infliction of death as a penalty for violating criminal law. Throughout history people have been put to death for various forms of wrongdoing. Methods of execution have included such practices as crucifixion, stoning, drowning, burning at the stake, [...]...
53. Corruption Corruption Definition Corruption, wrongdoing by those in a special position of trust. The term is commonly applied to self-benefiting conduct by public officials and others dedicated to public service. (1) Corruption is not a technical term; it is not considered a criminal offence in most [...]...
54. Sociology Introduction to Sociology Sociology may be defined as the scientific study of human social relations or group life. See more definitions of Sociology in the Legal Dictionary. Other disciplines within the social sciences-including economics, political science, anthropology, and [...]...
55. Violence Violence Definition Violence may be defined as a physical attack of another person. Activities that may legally involve violence include hunting, law enforcement, sports, and war. Crime includes many illegal forms of violence. The first point that has to be clarified is the meaning of the [...]...
56. Child Labor Introduction Child Labor, designation formerly applied to the practice of employing young children in factories, now used to denote the employment of minors generally, especially in work that may interfere with their education or endanger their health. Throughout the ages and in all cultures [...]...
57. Genocide Genocide as an U.S. State Statute Topic This term is one of the topics in some U.S. State Statutes. Other topics of the World Encyclopedia of Law which are topics of some State Statures are: Licensed Public Accountants (State statute topic) Guardians Ad Litem (State statute topic) [...]...
58. Community Service Community Service, in the penal systems of the United States and the United Kingdom, unpaid work for the community performed by a convicted person by court order as an alternative to prison. Examples of community service include helping children, the elderly, or the disabled. The term may also [...]...
59. Pornography "From a criminological perspective, pornography has been investigated in its relationship to criminal behavior or as a form of crime itself. Research on the relation between pornography and crime has primarily focused on the impact which the exposure to pornographic materials has on [...]...
60. Crime Introduction to Crime Crime, commission of an act or act of omission that violates the law and is punishable by the state. Crimes are considered injurious to society or the community, as distinguished from torts (see Tort) and breach of contract. As defined by law, a crime includes both the [...]...
61. Criminal Law Introduction to Criminal Law Criminal Law, branch of law that defines crimes, establishes punishments, and regulates the investigation and prosecution of people accused of committing crimes. Criminal law includes both substantive law, which is addressed in this article, and criminal [...]...
62. Delinquency Introduction to Delinquency Delinquency, criminal or antisocial behavior of juveniles. Juvenile delinquents are usually considered to be in need of treatment, rehabilitation, or discipline. The term delinquency also applies to payments that are overdue." (1) Related Fields Related [...]...
63. Fraud Introduction to Fraud Fraud, in law, general term for any instance in which one party deceives or takes unfair advantage of another. Any means used by one person to deceive another may be defined as fraud. For example, if a person represents himself or herself as the agent of a business with [...]...
64. Prison Hello Introduction to Prison Prison, institution designed to securely house people who have been convicted of crimes. These individuals, known as prisoners or inmates, are kept in continuous custody on a long-term basis. Individuals who commit the most serious crimes are sent to prison for one [...]...
65. Prostitution Criminal Law: Crimes Against Sexual Morality: Prostitution Introduction to Prostitution The crime of prostitution involves the exchange of sexual contact or favors for money or its equivalent. The crime of pandering involves the promotion of prostitution by enticing or procuring persons to [...]...
66. Public Administration Political Science: Fields in Political Science: Public Administration Introduction to Public Administration Political scientists interested in public administration study government organizations and their relation to other parts of government. Political scientists investigate how these [...]...
67. Punishment Punishment Forms of Criminal Punishment Introduction to Punishment Although some societies still use ancient forms of harsh physical punishment, punishments have also evolved along with civilization and become less cruel. Punishments range in severity depending on the crime, with the most [...]...
68. Sabotage Introduction to Sabotage Sabotage, deliberate destruction of property, dismantling of technology, or otherwise surreptitious interference with an enemy's operations." (1) Embracing mainstream international law, this section on sabotage explores the context, history and effect of the [...]...
69. Terrorism What is Terrorism? Government Definitions of Terrorism Introduction to Terrorism Legal statutes in most countries around the world regard terrorism as a crime. Yet there is considerable variation in how these laws define terrorism, even in countries whose laws derive from a common origin. [...]...
70. Torture Introduction to Torture Torture, the infliction of bodily pain or mental suffering either as punishment, to compel a person to confess to a crime or provide information, or to intimidate, coerce, discriminate against, or repress a person or group of people for political purposes. The methods [...]...
71. Disaster Disasters and the law Resources See Also Social Problem Crime Delinquency Juvenile Delinquency Delinquent Social Issues Crime Prevention...
72. Death Penalty WHEN BRITISH LAWYER CHRISTOPHER EADES arrived at Louisiana's oldest prison, the State Penitentiary at Angola, he found abominable food, sweltering heat, and inmates who feared for their lives. Literacy and education were minimal. One prisoner could name his birth date but not his age. Others [...]...
73. Disease Disease in Aging Law Concept of Disease in the context of Community Health Care and Services for Older Persons, published by the World Health Organization (WHO):A failure of the adaptive mechanisms of an organism to counteract adequately, normally or appropriately to stimuli and stresses to [...]...
74. Prisoner Prisoner Vote in Election Law Some countries allow prisoners to vote. Given that they are usually incarcerated far from their electoral constituencies and obviously cannot leave, polling centres are set up inside jails so that they may exercise their right to vote. Resources See Also Social [...]...
75. Sanction Sanction in International Trade Meaning of Sanction, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): An embargo imposed against an individual country by the United Nations -or a group of nations – in an effort tom influence its conduct or its policies. See also [...]...
76. Mental Health Law and Mental Health Contents of Law and Mental Health Contents of this subject matter include: Introduction to mental health and the law What is mental disorder? – Intellectual disability, mental illness/psychosocial disability and other mental conditions Clinical expert witnesses [...]...
77. Drug Trafficking Drug Trafficking and the Financing of Terrorism: United Nations For information on Financing of Terrorism and the United Nations efforts against such financing, see here. UN Instruments UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION AGAINST ILLICIT TRAFFIC IN NARCOTIC DRUGS AND PSYCHOTROPIC SUBSTANCES. [...]...
78. Whistleblowing Literature Review on Whistleblowing In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Michael W. Austin and Michael A. Harper provide the following summary about the topic of Whistleblowing: The phenomenon of whistle blowing may stir up images of the uncovering of [...]...
79. Sale of Children Embracing mainstream international law, this section on sale of children explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources See Also Social Problem Crime Delinquency Juvenile Delinquency Delinquent Social Issues Crime Prevention Resources Further Reading [...]...
80. Sexual Abuse Description of Sexual Abuse Resources See Also Social Problem Crime Delinquency Juvenile Delinquency Delinquent Social Issues Crime Prevention Resources See Also Assault Battery Rape...
81. Juvenile Delinquency Introduction This entry provides an overview of the legal framework of juvenile delinquency, with a description of the most significant features of juvenile delinquency at international level. Related Work and Conclusions Resources See Also Social Problem Crime Delinquency Juvenile [...]...
82. Alcoholism Resources See Also Social Problem Crime Delinquency Juvenile Delinquency Delinquent Social Issues Crime Prevention Resources See Also Chronic alcoholism Intoxication...
83. Gross Negligence Resources See Also Social Problem Crime Delinquency Juvenile Delinquency Delinquent Social Issues Crime Prevention Resources See Also Negligence...
84. Child Trafficking Resources See Also Social Problem Crime Delinquency Juvenile Delinquency Delinquent Social Issues Crime Prevention...
85. Clandestine Employment Resources See Also Social Problem Crime Delinquency Juvenile Delinquency Delinquent Social Issues Crime Prevention...
86. Disclosure of Information Resources See Also Social Problem Crime Delinquency Juvenile Delinquency Delinquent Social Issues Crime Prevention...
87. Drug Abuse Resources See Also Social Problem Crime Delinquency Juvenile Delinquency Delinquent Social Issues Crime Prevention...
88. Employees Responsibility Resources See Also Social Problem Crime Delinquency Juvenile Delinquency Delinquent Social Issues Crime Prevention...
89. Ex Offender Resources See Also Social Problem Crime Delinquency Juvenile Delinquency Delinquent Social Issues Crime Prevention...
90. Freedom From Inhuman Treatment Resources See Also Social Problem Crime Delinquency Juvenile Delinquency Delinquent Social Issues Crime Prevention...
91. Hunger Resources See Also Social Problem Crime Delinquency Juvenile Delinquency Delinquent Social Issues Crime Prevention...
92. Misconduct Resources See Also Social Problem Crime Delinquency Juvenile Delinquency Delinquent Social Issues Crime Prevention...
93. Offender Resources See Also Social Problem Crime Delinquency Juvenile Delinquency Delinquent Social Issues Crime Prevention...
94. Offenders Resources See Also Social Problem Crime Delinquency Juvenile Delinquency Delinquent Social Issues Crime Prevention...
95. Penal Sanction Resources See Also Social Problem Crime Delinquency Juvenile Delinquency Delinquent Social Issues Crime Prevention...
96. People With Psychosocial Disabilities Resources See Also Social Problem Crime Delinquency Juvenile Delinquency Delinquent Social Issues Crime Prevention...
97. Political Behaviour Resources See Also Social Problem Crime Delinquency Juvenile Delinquency Delinquent Social Issues Crime Prevention...
98. Political Movement Resources See Also Social Problem Crime Delinquency Juvenile Delinquency Delinquent Social Issues Crime Prevention...
99. Political Problem Resources See Also Social Problem Crime Delinquency Juvenile Delinquency Delinquent Social Issues Crime Prevention...
100. Prison Labor Resources See Also Social Problem Crime Delinquency Juvenile Delinquency Delinquent Social Issues Crime Prevention...
101. Sex Industry Resources See Also Social Problem Crime Delinquency Juvenile Delinquency Delinquent Social Issues Crime Prevention...
102. Sex Worker Resources See Also Social Problem Crime Delinquency Juvenile Delinquency Delinquent Social Issues Crime Prevention...
103. Sexual Exploitation Resources See Also Social Problem Crime Delinquency Juvenile Delinquency Delinquent Social Issues Crime Prevention...
104. Slum Resources See Also Social Problem Crime Delinquency Juvenile Delinquency Delinquent Social Issues Crime Prevention...
105. Social Research Resources See Also Social Problem Crime Delinquency Juvenile Delinquency Delinquent Social Issues Crime Prevention...
106. Starvation Resources See Also Social Problem Crime Delinquency Juvenile Delinquency Delinquent Social Issues Crime Prevention...
107. Trafficking of Labor Resources See Also Social Problem Crime Delinquency Juvenile Delinquency Delinquent Social Issues Crime Prevention...
108. Trafficking of Women Resources See Also Social Problem Crime Delinquency Juvenile Delinquency Delinquent Social Issues Crime Prevention...
109. Unfair Labor Practice Resources See Also Social Problem Crime Delinquency Juvenile Delinquency Delinquent Social Issues Crime Prevention...
110. Workplace Violence Resources See Also Social Problem Crime Delinquency Juvenile Delinquency Delinquent Social Issues Crime Prevention...
111. Youth Resources See Also Social Problem Crime Delinquency Juvenile Delinquency Delinquent Social Issues Crime Prevention...
112. Youth Policy Resources See Also Social Problem Crime Delinquency Juvenile Delinquency Delinquent Social Issues Crime Prevention...
113. Youth Unrest Resources See Also Social Problem Crime Delinquency Juvenile Delinquency Delinquent Social Issues Crime Prevention...
114. Malnutrition Resources See Also Social Problem Crime Delinquency Juvenile Delinquency Delinquent Social Issues Crime Prevention Food...
115. IRS Audit Guides — Legal Research Contents IRS Audit Guides — Legal Research The IRS website includes its Audit Techniques Guides (ATGs). The Guides “focus on ... Read more...
116. Arbitral Tribunal An international arbitrator may be the chief of a friendly power, or he may be a private individual. When he is an emperor, a king, or a president of a republic, it is not expected that he will act personally; he may appoint a delegate or delegates to act on his behalf, and avail himself of [...]...
117. Irrevocable Letter of Credit See Letter of Credit.......
118. Incest Criminal Law: Crimes Against Sexual Morality: IncestIntroduction to IncestThe statutory crime of incest consists of either cohabitation or sexual intercourse between closely related persons, such as between parent and child or between siblings. Jurisdictions vary in their definitio......
119. Inchoate Crimes Criminal Law: Inchoate CrimesIntroduction to Inchoate CrimesCrimes that occur prior to and in preparation for what may be a subsequent offense are called inchoate crimes. Inchoate offenses include attempt to commit, conspiracy to commit, and solicitation to commit criminal acts. An......
120. Inchoate Crimes Attempt Criminal Law: Inchoate Crimes AttemptIntroduction to Inchoate Crimes AttemptThe crime of attempt applies to acts that, although initiated with the aim of committing a crime, fall short of completion. To be guilty of attempt, the accused must take substantial steps indicating a crim......