Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. Investment Treaty Cases: ICSID arbitration rules R-Z Contents Investment Treaty Cases: ICSID arbitration rules R-Z See: Investment Treaty Cases: ICSID arbitration rules A-E Investment Treaty Cases: ICSID ... Read more...
2. Investment Treaty Cases: arbitration rules Contents Investment Treaty Cases: arbitration rules See: Investment Treaty Cases: ICSID Additional Facility arbitration rules Investment Treaty Cases: SCC arbitration ... Read more...
3. Investment Treaty Cases: ICSID arbitration rules A-E Contents Investment Treaty Cases: ICSID arbitration rules A-E See: Investment Treaty Cases: ICSID arbitration rules F-Q Investment Treaty Cases: ICSID ... Read more...
4. Investment Treaty Cases: ICSID arbitration rules F-Q Investment Treaty Cases: ICSID arbitration rules F-Q See: Investment Treaty Cases: ICSID arbitration rules A-E Investment Treaty Cases: ICSID arbitration ... Read more...
5. Investment Treaty Cases: UNCITRAL arbitration rules Contents Investment Treaty Cases: UNCITRAL (1976) arbitration rules See: Investment Treaty Cases: SCC arbitration rules Investment Treaty Cases: ICSID arbitration ... Read more...
6. Investment Treaty Cases: ICSID Additional Facility arbitration rules Contents Investment Treaty Cases: ICSID Additional Facility arbitration rules See: Investment Treaty Cases: SCC arbitration rules Investment Treaty Cases: UNCITRAL ... Read more...
7. List of international trade topics Contents List of international trade topics . Absolute advantage Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Asia-Pacific Economic ... Read more...
8. Investment treaty law and arbitration reports Contents Investment treaty law and arbitration reports See: Investment treaty law and arbitration books Investment treaty law and arbitration books ... Read more...
9. Investment treaty law and arbitration articles Contents Investment treaty law and arbitration articles See: Investment treaty law and arbitration books Investment treaty law and arbitration books ... Read more...
10. Investment Treaty Cases: U.S.as respondent State Contents Investment Treaty Cases: United States as respondent State See: Bilateral Investment Treaties by countries Investment treaty law and arbitration ... Read more...
11. Investment treaty law and arbitration books Contents Investment treaty law and arbitration books See: Arbitral Institutions – Arbitration Organizations worldwide – Books by year: Andrea Bianchi ... Read more...
12. Investment treaty law and arbitration books reviews Contents Investment treaty law and arbitration books reviews See: Investment treaty law and arbitration books Investment treaty law and arbitration ... Read more...
13. Arbitral Institutions Contents Arbitral Institutions American Arbitration Association (AAA) Arbitration Institute of the Stockholm Chamber of Commerce (SCC) Australian Centre for International ... Read more...
14. Investment Treaty Arbitration Contents Investment Treaty Arbitration History By Susan D. Franck Since at least 1794, arbitration has been used as a mechanism ... Read more...
15. Rules on Transparency in Treaty-based Investor-state Arbitration Rules on Transparency in Treaty-based Investor-state Arbitration in 2013 United States views on international law [1] in relation to Rules on Transparency in Treaty-based Investor-state Arbitration: As mentioned in Mr. Arbogast's statement above, UNCITRAL finished negotiations on a set [...]...
16. Commercial arbitration: U.S. Cases on arbitration Contents Commercial arbitration: United States court decisions on arbitration See: Commercial arbitration: U.S. Court decisions applying NY Convention 1958   ... Read more...
17. Investment treaty law and arbitration books chapters Contents Investment treaty law and arbitration books chapters See: Investment treaty law and arbitration books Investment treaty law and arbitration ... Read more...
18. Trade and Investment Council Trade and Investment Council in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Trade and Investment Council: A forum for bilateral consultations between the United States and various countries which have [...]...
19. International Commercial Arbitration See also International business arbitration in this international legal encyclopedia. International Commercial Arbitration Resources Treaties and Conventions on Arbitration See also Treaties in this legal [...]...
20. Transnational Arbitration Contents Transnational Arbitration   1 20TH ANNUAL WORKSHOP OF THE INSTITUTE FOR TRANSNATIONAL ARBITRATION “CONFRONTING ETHICAL ISSUES IN INTERNATIONAL ARBITRATION” ... Read more...
21. Pac Rim Cayman LLC v. Republic of El Salvador Pac Rim Cayman LLC v. Republic of El Salvador Pac Rim Cayman LLC v. Republic of El Salvador (ICSID Case ... Read more...
22. Hague Court of Arbitration The Hague Court of Arbitration as a Permanent Institution Lassa Oppenheim, in the book entitled The Future of International Law, about The Hague Court of Arbitration as a Permanent Institution, wrote in 1921: 51. Until the end of the nineteenth century the society of states possessed no organ [...]...
23. Maritime Arbitration Maritime Arbitration in Private International Law This section contain conflict of laws information and cross references related to maritime arbitration on some major countries and additional jurisdictions. It covers key issues involved when citizens face international situations. Information [...]...
24. Treaty Types Types of TreatiesIntroduction to Treaty TypesMany treaties can be classified as either political or commercial agreements. Political treaties may relate to mutual defense in case of armed attack; to guarantees of a particular status, such as neutrality; or to the preservation of ex......
25. Treaty Affairs Cross References of Treaty Affairs in International Law Consular Notification and Compliance Act, information on Consular Assistence, Judicial Assistece and Related Issues in this legal Encyclopedia.A.2.c. Bermuda Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty, information on International Criminal Law in [...]...
26. Arbitration Rules Contents Arbitration Rules Rules from International Institutions International Arbitration institutions have led the way in rulemaking for international commercial arbitration ... Read more...
27. Investment Arbitration Contents Investment Arbitration Symposia “Symposium on international investment law and the European Union” in Karl P. Sauvant, Yearbook on International ... Read more...
28. Treaty Categories Legal IssuesTreaties can be classified into different categories. A bilateral treaty is made between two countries. A multinational treaty is made among more than two countries. A treaty (or a convention) may impose legal obligations upon the contracting parties. It may also impose only a m......
29. Arbitration, Recognition of Awards Arbitration, Recognition Of Awards in Private International Law This section contain conflict of laws information and cross references related to arbitration, recognition of awards on some major countries and additional jurisdictions. It covers key issues involved when citizens face [...]...
30. Arbitration, (UNCITRAL) Model Law Arbitration, (UNCITRAL) Model Law in Private International Law This section contain conflict of laws information and cross references related to arbitration, (uncitral) model law on some major countries and additional jurisdictions. It covers key issues involved when citizens face [...]...
31. Treaty Ratification Treaty Conclusion and Ratification Introduction to Treaty Ratification International law prescribes neither a fixed form for a treaty nor any fixed procedure for its conclusion. It may be concluded by an exchange of diplomatic notes incorporating an agreed-upon text signed by authorized [...]...
32. London Court of International Arbitration London Court of International Arbitration (LCIA) in International Trade Meaning of London Court of International Arbitration (LCIA), according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The LCIA is one of the world's leading international institutions for commercial [...]...
33. Bilateral Agreement In general, any treaty, protocol, or understanding between two nations. The term has particular application in the area of commercial air transportation, where a bilateral agreement is an understanding between two countries permitting the commercial aircraft of one nation to land in and carry [...]...
34. Amicus Curiae in International Investment Arbitration Contents Amicus Curiae in International Investment Arbitration Note: this entry is a continuation of the entry about the Participation of ... Read more...
35. Treaties Treaties Table of Content The Basics Introduction Treaties defining Subjects of International Law: International Organizations , European Union and other Subjets of International law Treaty-Making and NGOs Treaty Formation Making the Treaty Treaty Signature Provisional Application of [...]...
36. Maastricht Treaty The Maastricht Treaty (a/k/a the "Treaty of Maastricht" or the "Treaty on Economic Union") created the Euro as Europe's single currency. The treaty was signed Feb. 1, 1992 and came into force Nov. 1, 1993, although the Euro didn't come into use until 1999. The Treaty is [...]...
37. Trade-Related Investment Measures Trade-Related Investment Measures (TRIMs) and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Trade-Related Investment Measures (TRIMs): Designation for a Uruguay Round "' [...]...
38. Investment Arbitration Investment Arbitration in Private International Law This section contain conflict of laws information and cross references related to investment arbitration on some major countries and additional jurisdictions. It covers key issues involved when citizens face international situations. [...]...
39. Arbitration: Basic features of the convention's regime on arbitration agreements Contents Arbitration: Basic features of the convention’s regime on arbitration agreements Arbitration agreements are presumed valid The drafters of the ... Read more...
40. Treaty Summary Summary and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Summary provided by the European Union Commission: A treaty summary contains: • General Data : title; type (bilateral or multilateral); place and date of signature; objective; remarks; subject matter; key words; depositary; [...]...
41. Investment Rules Relationship of Competition Law to Trade and Investment Rules This section provides an overview of relationship of competition law to trade and investment rules within the legal context of Competition Law and Policy in international economic law (Main Regulatory Areas). Resources Further [...]...
42. 1958 Convention: Interpretation 1958 Convention: Interpretation     The New York Convention is an international treaty. As such, it is part of public international law. Consequently, the courts called upon to apply the Convention must interpret it in accordance with the [...]...
43. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development International Bank For Reconstruction And Development International Bank for Reconstruction and Development Outline The IBRD was established pursuant to the Bretton Woods Agreement of 1944. Its headquarters are in Washington, DC. As its name suggests, it is an intergovernmental (as opposed to [...]...
44. Treaty Interpretation Treaties and Treaty Interpretation in International Economic Law This section provides an overview of treaties and treaty interpretation within the legal context of Sources of Law in international economic law . Resources Further Reading Isabelle Van Damme, "Treaties and Treaty [...]...
45. International law databases resources Contents Treaty Tools and Databases...
46. Invalidity of Arbitration Agreement Contents Invalidity of Arbitration Agreement     Article V(1)(a) also provides a ground for refusal where the arbitration agreement “referred ... Read more...
47. Open-end Investment Company Resources See Also Mutual fund...
48. Defensive Investment An investment undertaken to protect larger commercial interests rather than for the return that the investment itself generates.......
49. Treaty Summary of Treaty Treaty in International Law A formal, written compact entered into by sovereign nations. Customarily, an agreement provides that the treaty will not come into force until it has been ratified, i.e., approved by each government in accordance with its respective [...]...
50. North Atlantic Treaty Organisation NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation) and the Treaties of the European Union Description of NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation) provided by the European Union Commission: The North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO, or the Atlantic Alliance) was founded in 1949 and has its [...]...
51. Treaty Authentication Authentication and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Authentication provided by the European Union Commission: The term "authentication" refers to the procedure whereby the text of a treaty is established as authentic and definitive. Once a treaty has been [...]...
52. Treaty Party Party and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Party provided by the European Union Commission: (to an international treaty) A party to a treaty is a State, International Organisation or other entity with treaty making capacity that has expressed its consent to be bound by that [...]...
53. Treaty Citation Contents Treaty Citation Finding Treaty Citation: How to Find a Treaty When You Have a Citation Common Abbreviations This is ... Read more...
54. Foreign Trade Arbitration Commission The Foreign Trade Arbitration Commission (USSR) Name of this Court The Foreign Trade Arbitration Commission (USSR) is the standarized name of one of the National Courts - see the entries in the corresponding legal Encyclopedia (of this project) about court rules and procedural law for more [...]...
55. International Law Cases Litigation Involving Treaty Law Issues In relation to the international law practice and litigation involving treaty law issues in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: Treaty Affairs About this subject:Constitutionality of U.S. Statute Implementing the [...]...
56. Agreements country resources Contents Agreements country Resources Argentina List, by country , of bilateral agreements. Australian Treaties Library Bolivia List of bilateral and ... Read more...
57. Bilateral Investment Treaty Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT) and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT): An agreement between two countries providing for nondiscriminatory [...]...
58. Bilateral Investment Treaties Contents Bilateral Investment Treaties Bilateral Investment Treaties resources • unctad bilateral investment Treaties online (searchable database) Free trade/sectoral agreements with ... Read more...
59. Treaty Adoption Adoption and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Adoption provided by the European Union Commission: "Adoption" is the formal act by which the form and content of a proposed treaty text are established. As a general rule, the adoption of the text of a treaty takes place [...]...
60. Treaty Bargaining Treaty Bargaining: International Incident In the book "International Incidents for Discussion in Conversation Classes", in relation to terminox, L. Oppenheim wrote in 1909: States A and B enter into a new commercial treaty in which, among other stipulations, it is agreed that state [...]...
61. Investment Arbitration Fora Investment Arbitration Fora in International Economic Law In international economic law, investment arbitration fora includes the following legal areas, with coverage in this world legal encyclopedia: li> Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) ICC International Court of Arbitration Arbitration [...]...
62. Bilateral Investment Treaties by countries Contents Bilateral Investment Treaties by countries See: Investment treaty law and arbitration books Investment treaty law and arbitration books chapters ... Read more...
63. List of international arbitration topics Contents List of international arbitration topics Investment Treaty Cases: ICSID Additional Facility arbitration rules Investment Treaty Cases: SCC arbitration rules ... Read more...
64. Rules for Foreign Direct Investment at the Wto Rules for Foreign Direct Investment at the WTO: Building on Regional Trade Agreements and the World Trade Organization Rules for Foreign Direct Investment at the WTO: Building on Regional Trade Agreements in relation to the World Trade Organization (WTO) covers several issues....
65. Ad Hoc Investment Arbitration Ad hoc Investment Arbitration This section provides an overview of ad hoc investment arbitration within the legal context of Investment Arbitration Fora in international economic law, with coverage of Adjudication and Enforcement (Principles). Resources Further Reading Ucheora Onwuamaegbu, [...]...
66. List of U.S. Cases applying New York Convention 1958 Contents Commercial arbitration: U.S. Cases applying New York Convention 1958 See for previous cases:Commercial arbitration: U.S. Court decisions applying NY ... Read more...
67. Rules Relating to Investment This section provides an overview of rules relating to investment within the legal context of Impact of Domestic Regulation on Trade in Goods, Services and on Investment in international economic law, with coverage of Domestic Regulation (Behind the Borders) (Main Regulatory Areas). Resources [...]...
68. Arbitration Organizations worldwide Contents Arbitration Organizations worldwide Arbitration Organizations worldwide: web resources Abu Dhabi Commercial Conciliation and Arbitration Center (ADCCAC) www.adcci-uae.com ADR Institute ... Read more...
69. International Business Arbitration Contents International business arbitration American Arbitration Association International Council for Commercial Arbitration International Chamber of Commerce. Court of Arbitration Permanent ... Read more...
70. Arbitration: Requirements to be fulfilled by petitioner (Art. IV) Contents Arbitration: Requirements to be fulfilled by petitioner (Art. IV) At this phase of the proceedings, the petitioner has the ... Read more...
71. Arbitration: Incapacity of Party Contents Arbitration : Incapacity of Party   The types of issues arising under this ground include the “incapacity” defences, such ... Read more...
72. Arbitration: Right to a Fair Hearing Contents Arbitration: Right to a Fair Hearing     Article V(1)(b) requires that parties be afforded a fair hearing that ... Read more...
73. International Arbitration, Historical Contents International Arbitration International arbitration is a proceeding in which two nations refer their differences to one or more selected ... Read more...
74. Arbitration: List of Latin American Institutions Contents Arbitration: List of arbitral Latin American Institutions This is a list of Arbitral Institutions Identified in Latin-America: Argentina Tribunal ... Read more...
75. Arbitration: Consequences of the non-application of the New York Convention Contents Arbitration: Consequences of the non-application of the New York Convention   The non-application or incorrect application of the New ... Read more...
76. Original Arbitration agreement or certified copy (Article IV(1)(b)) Contents Original Arbitration agreement or certified copy (Article IV(1)(b)) This provision merely requires that the party seeking enforcement supply a ... Read more...
77. Arbitration: Grounds for refusal (Article V) in general Contents Arbitration: Grounds for refusal (Article V) in general This phase is characterized by the following general principles: – no ... Read more...
78. Arbitration: Limited discretionary power to enforce in the presence of grounds for refusal Contents Arbitration: Limited discretionary power to enforce in the presence of grounds for refusal     Courts generally refuse enforcement ... Read more...
79. International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes International Centre For Settlement Of Investment Disputes Summary of International Centre For Settlement Of Investment Disputes An international agency affiliated with the World Bank and serving as a forum for the resolution of international investment disputes. The center was established [...]...
80. Arbitration Award Contents Arbitration Award International awards differ from civil awards in having no legal sanction by which they can be enforced. ... Read more...
81. UN International Commercial Arbitration speechs Contents UN International commercial arbitration speechs Opening Speech by Ambassador Schurmann for the United Nations Conference on International commercial arbitration ... Read more...
82. Outside or beyond the scope of the arbitration agreement (Article V(1)(c)) Contents Outside or beyond the scope of the arbitration agreement (Article V(1)(c))   “The award deals with a difference not ... Read more...
83. Arbitration: Examples of Recognition and Enforcement Contents Arbitration: Examples of Recognition and Enforcement   In a German case before the Court of Appeal of Celle, the ... Read more...
84. Arbitration: Examples of Refusal of Recognition and Enforcement Contents Arbitration: Examples of Refusal of Recognition and Enforcement   Examples of refusal of recognition and enforcement under Article V(2)(b) ... Read more...
85. Private International Law Rules Contents Private International Law Rules Note: for additional information on Private international law issues, see here. Rules and Standards in ... Read more...
86. International Investment Bank A multinational development bank, membership of which is comprised of the Soviet Union and its allies. The bank was formed in 1970 to foster "economic efficiency and intensification" in the member states. The authorized capital of the bank is 1,071,300,000 transferable rubles, of which 374......
87. Inventory Investment The aggregate national increases or decreases, expressed in monetary terms, of inventories held by the private sector. Also known as inventory change, an increase or decrease in private sector inventories not offset by current consumption is viewed as an investment in the economy.......
88. Investment Bill A bill of exchange purchased at a discount and held to maturity.......
89. Investment Requirements International investment is a cornerstone of the world economy: it creates jobs, economic growth and prosperity at home, and supports development and stability worldwide. United States Office of Investment Affairs (OIA) The Office of Investment Affairs works to improve the climate for [...]...
90. Investment Protection Investment Protection in International Economic Law In international economic law, investment protection includes the following legal areas, with coverage in this world legal encyclopedia: li> Coverage in Investment Protection Right to Use and Direct Expropriation Indirect Expropriation...
91. Investment Policy Advisory Committee Investment Policy Advisory Committee (INPAC) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Investment Policy Advisory Committee (INPAC): A policy-level committee that forms part of the private sector [...]...
92. International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes: An international agency affiliated [...]...
93. Treaty Research Contents Treaty Research Multilateral conventions by subject: Atmosphere and Space conventions Flora and Fauna – Biodiversity conventions Cultural Protection conventions ... Read more...
94. Property Rules, Liability Rules, and Inalienability: One View of the Cathedral Contents Property Rules, Liability Rules, and Inalienability: One View of the Cathedral Guido Calabresi & A. Douglas Melamed   NLY ... Read more...
95. Property Rules, Liability Rules, and Inalienability: One View of the Cathedral 3 Contents Property Rules, Liability Rules, and Inalienability: One View of the Cathedral   Guido Calabresi & A. Douglas Melamed   ... Read more...
96. Arbitration resources Contents Arbitration resources See...
97. Arbitration Of Exchange Arbitration Of Exchange Summary of Arbitration Of Exchange The near- simultaneous purchase and sale of foreign bills of exchange so as to take advantage of price differentials for such instruments in different money centers.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Resources See Also [...]...
98. Arbitration Arbitration, reference of a dispute to an impartial person or persons, called arbitrators, for a decision or award based on evidence and arguments presented by the disputants. The parties involved usually agree to resort to arbitration in lieu of court proceedings to resolve an existing [...]...
99. International Arbitration International arbitration is the settlement by a mutually acceptable third party of disputes between sovereign states. Modern international arbitration began with the conclusion of Jay's Treaty (1794) by Great Britain and the United States. Numerous disputes were arbitrated during the 19th [...]...
100. Bering Sea Arbitration Contents Bering Sea Arbitration Definition The important fishery dispute between Great Britain and the United States, which was closed by ... Read more...
101. Outline of International Arbitration Contents Outline of International Arbitration See Outline of International litigation Subject-matter The history of international arbitration is dealt with in ... Read more...
102. Collection categories and entries Collection categories and entries Contents Conclusion Notes See Also References and Further Reading About the Author/s and Reviewer/s Author: international ... Read more...
103. United States Arbitration Act An act of Congress that prescribes the basis for arbitration of commercial disputes arising from maritime contracts and contracts involving foreign entities. The act is divided into two chapters.Chapter I, dealing with maritime transactions, was enacted in 1947 and based upon an earlier ......
104. International Arbitration Treaties Contents International Arbitration Treaties Legal Materials The U.S. Department of State posts links to UNCITRAL materials and other treaties concerning ... Read more...
105. Limits of International Arbitration Limits of International Arbitration...
106. International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture Contents Title of the Treaty The International Treaty on Plant ... Read more...
107. Arbitration: Grounds for refusal to be raised by the court ex officio (Article V(2)) Contents Arbitration: Grounds for refusal to be raised by the court ex officio (Article V(2))   Article V(2) of the ... Read more...
108. Hague Cases Contents Hague Cases History The pious fund of the Californias The first case decided by the Hague court was concerned ... Read more...
109. Key U.S. constitutional law cases list Contents Key United States constitutional law judicial decisions list Here are a list of the most important cases in the ... Read more...
110. Investment Law Investment Companies Law......
111. International Organizations Cases International Organizations in 2013 United States views on international law [1] in relation to International Organizations: United Nations In 2013, the United States filed a statement of interest in a case brought in U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia against U.S. Permanent [...]...
112. Investment Resources See Also Education Policy Training Policy...
113. List of main cases in the Encyclopedia Contents List of some of the main court decisions in the Wiki Encyclopedia This list provides some of the most ... Read more...
114. Some U.S. Contitution key topics, including cases Contents Some United States Contitution key topics, including cases Abington Township v. Schempp Adderley v. Florida af?rmative action Agostini v. ... Read more...
115. List of International Business Law Landmark Cases Contents List of International Business Law Landmark Court Cases List of Selected International Business Law Court Decisions, by Subject Introduction ... Read more...
116. List of International Law Selected Cases, by Subject Contents List of International Law Selected Court Decisions, by Subject   Case Tel-Oren v. Libyan Arab Republic: The Law of ... Read more...
117. Portfolio Investment A minority interest in a foreign venture from which income is derived in the form of dividends; normally such an interest does not convey any significant control over the management or operations of the foreign firm.......
118. Investment Fund Spanish Translation of investment fundThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to investment fund and / or a definition of this topic: Fondo de Inversión (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry)....
119. Investment Trusts Spanish Translation of investment trustsThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to investment trusts and / or a definition of this topic: Instituciones de Inversión Colectiva (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry)....
120. Foreign Investment THE ROLE IN THE PROTECTION AND PROMOTION OF FOREIGN INVESTMENT OF: The World Bank Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID); The Convention establishing the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency; and Bilateral Investment Protection Agreements (IPPAs). (London, 1994) The [...]...