Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. List of international arbitration topics Contents List of international arbitration topics Investment Treaty Cases: ICSID Additional Facility arbitration rules Investment Treaty Cases: SCC arbitration rules ... Read more...
2. Arbitration Organizations worldwide Contents Arbitration Organizations worldwide Arbitration Organizations worldwide: web resources Abu Dhabi Commercial Conciliation and Arbitration Center (ADCCAC) www.adcci-uae.com ADR Institute ... Read more...
3. Arbitration resources Contents Arbitration resources See...
4. List of international trade topics Contents List of international trade topics . Absolute advantage Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Asia-Pacific Economic ... Read more...
5. Rules on Transparency in Treaty-based Investor-state Arbitration Rules on Transparency in Treaty-based Investor-state Arbitration in 2013 United States views on international law [1] in relation to Rules on Transparency in Treaty-based Investor-state Arbitration: As mentioned in Mr. Arbogast's statement above, UNCITRAL finished negotiations on a set [...]...
6. Foreign Trade Arbitration Commission The Foreign Trade Arbitration Commission (USSR) Name of this Court The Foreign Trade Arbitration Commission (USSR) is the standarized name of one of the National Courts - see the entries in the corresponding legal Encyclopedia (of this project) about court rules and procedural law for more [...]...
7. Arbitration: Consequences of the non-application of the New York Convention Contents Arbitration: Consequences of the non-application of the New York Convention   The non-application or incorrect application of the New ... Read more...
8. Ad Hoc Investment Arbitration Ad hoc Investment Arbitration This section provides an overview of ad hoc investment arbitration within the legal context of Investment Arbitration Fora in international economic law, with coverage of Adjudication and Enforcement (Principles). Resources Further Reading Ucheora Onwuamaegbu, [...]...
9. Hague Court of Arbitration The Hague Court of Arbitration as a Permanent Institution Lassa Oppenheim, in the book entitled The Future of International Law, about The Hague Court of Arbitration as a Permanent Institution, wrote in 1921: 51. Until the end of the nineteenth century the society of states possessed no organ [...]...
10. International Arbitration Treaties Contents International Arbitration Treaties Legal Materials The U.S. Department of State posts links to UNCITRAL materials and other treaties concerning ... Read more...
11. United States Arbitration Act An act of Congress that prescribes the basis for arbitration of commercial disputes arising from maritime contracts and contracts involving foreign entities. The act is divided into two chapters.Chapter I, dealing with maritime transactions, was enacted in 1947 and based upon an earlier ......
12. Arbitral Institutions Contents Arbitral Institutions American Arbitration Association (AAA) Arbitration Institute of the Stockholm Chamber of Commerce (SCC) Australian Centre for International ... Read more...
13. Trade Institutions General, Trade and Investment Related Institutions in International Economic Law In international economic law, general, trade and investment related institutions includes the following legal areas, with coverage in this world legal encyclopedia: li> World Trade Organization (WTO) United [...]...
14. Arbitration Rules Contents Arbitration Rules Rules from International Institutions International Arbitration institutions have led the way in rulemaking for international commercial arbitration ... Read more...
15. International Organization Introduction to International Organization International Organization, a membership group that operates across national borders for specific purposes. Scholars of international relations consider international organizations to have growing importance in world politics. Examples of [...]...
16. Arbitration Clause Definition of Arbitration Clause in International Trade The following is a concept of Arbitration Clause in the context of international trade law, from the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A contract clause included in may international contracts, stating for example: [...]...
17. List of International Business Law Landmark Cases Contents List of International Business Law Landmark Court Cases List of Selected International Business Law Court Decisions, by Subject Introduction ... Read more...
18. Court of Conciliation and Arbitration Court of Conciliation and Arbitration Note: The Commonwealth Court of Conciliation and Arbitration was an Australian court that existed from ... Read more...
19. Anti-Trust Rules This section provides an overview of anti-trust rules within the legal context of Competition Law and Policy in international economic law (Main Regulatory Areas). Relation of IPRs to Trade, Investment and Anti-Trust Rules This section provides an overview of relation of iprs to trade, [...]...
20. Investment Arbitration Contents Investment Arbitration Symposia “Symposium on international investment law and the European Union” in Karl P. Sauvant, Yearbook on International ... Read more...
21. Investment Arbitration Investment Arbitration in Private International Law This section contain conflict of laws information and cross references related to investment arbitration on some major countries and additional jurisdictions. It covers key issues involved when citizens face international situations. [...]...
22. Investment treaty law and arbitration books Contents Investment treaty law and arbitration books See: Arbitral Institutions – Arbitration Organizations worldwide – Books by year: Andrea Bianchi ... Read more...
23. Investment treaty law and arbitration reports Contents Investment treaty law and arbitration reports See: Investment treaty law and arbitration books Investment treaty law and arbitration books ... Read more...
24. Investment treaty law and arbitration articles Contents Investment treaty law and arbitration articles See: Investment treaty law and arbitration books Investment treaty law and arbitration books ... Read more...
25. Investment treaty law and arbitration books reviews Contents Investment treaty law and arbitration books reviews See: Investment treaty law and arbitration books Investment treaty law and arbitration ... Read more...
26. Investment treaty law and arbitration books chapters Contents Investment treaty law and arbitration books chapters See: Investment treaty law and arbitration books Investment treaty law and arbitration ... Read more...
27. Investment Treaty Cases: SCC arbitration rules Contents Investment Treaty Cases: SCC arbitration rules   See: Investment Treaty Cases: ICSID arbitration rules A-E Investment Treaty Cases: ICSID ... Read more...
28. Investment Treaty Cases: arbitration rules Contents Investment Treaty Cases: arbitration rules See: Investment Treaty Cases: ICSID Additional Facility arbitration rules Investment Treaty Cases: SCC arbitration ... Read more...
29. Migration Law A Legacy of Fragmentation in Migration, Trade and Investment Law This section provides an overview of a legacy of fragmentation in migration, trade and investment law within the legal context of Trade, Investment and Migration in international economic law, with coverage of Labour Mobility [...]...
30. Investment Treaty Cases: ICSID arbitration rules A-E Contents Investment Treaty Cases: ICSID arbitration rules A-E See: Investment Treaty Cases: ICSID arbitration rules F-Q Investment Treaty Cases: ICSID ... Read more...
31. Investment Treaty Cases: ICSID arbitration rules F-Q Investment Treaty Cases: ICSID arbitration rules F-Q See: Investment Treaty Cases: ICSID arbitration rules A-E Investment Treaty Cases: ICSID arbitration ... Read more...
32. Investment Treaty Cases: ICSID arbitration rules R-Z Contents Investment Treaty Cases: ICSID arbitration rules R-Z See: Investment Treaty Cases: ICSID arbitration rules A-E Investment Treaty Cases: ICSID ... Read more...
33. Investment Treaty Cases: UNCITRAL arbitration rules Contents Investment Treaty Cases: UNCITRAL (1976) arbitration rules See: Investment Treaty Cases: SCC arbitration rules Investment Treaty Cases: ICSID arbitration ... Read more...
34. Icc International Court of Arbitration Icc International Court of Arbitration International Court of Arbitration in International Trade Meaning of ICC (International Court of Arbitration), according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The ICC International Court of Arbitration was created in 1923 as the [...]...
35. International Arbitration Procedures Working Procedures in International Arbitration This section provides an overview of working procedures in international arbitration within the legal context of Procedural Aspects in international economic law, with coverage of Adjudication and Enforcement (Principles)....
36. Investment Treaty Cases: ICSID Additional Facility arbitration rules Contents Investment Treaty Cases: ICSID Additional Facility arbitration rules See: Investment Treaty Cases: SCC arbitration rules Investment Treaty Cases: UNCITRAL ... Read more...
37. Air Transport Arbitration France–United States Air Transport Arbitration Embracing mainstream international law, this section on france–united states air transport arbitration explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "france–united states [...]...
38. Arbitration: Limited discretionary power to enforce in the presence of grounds for refusal Contents Arbitration: Limited discretionary power to enforce in the presence of grounds for refusal     Courts generally refuse enforcement ... Read more...
39. World Bank Group World Bank Group in International Trade Meaning of World Bank Group, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The World Bank Group is a specialized United Nations agency dedicated to improving living standards in developing countries through facilitation and [...]...
40. Arbitration: Incapacity of Party Contents Arbitration : Incapacity of Party   The types of issues arising under this ground include the “incapacity” defences, such ... Read more...
41. Arbitration: Right to a Fair Hearing Contents Arbitration: Right to a Fair Hearing     Article V(1)(b) requires that parties be afforded a fair hearing that ... Read more...
42. Arbitration: Examples of Recognition and Enforcement Contents Arbitration: Examples of Recognition and Enforcement   In a German case before the Court of Appeal of Celle, the ... Read more...
43. Arbitration Of Exchange Arbitration Of Exchange Summary of Arbitration Of Exchange The near- simultaneous purchase and sale of foreign bills of exchange so as to take advantage of price differentials for such instruments in different money centers.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Resources See Also [...]...
44. Venture Capital Venture Capital Definition Venture Capital may be defined as money or capital provided for new business ventures by investors other than the original proprietor. The term is sometimes also used for capital provided to rescue or turn around a company. Venture capitalists—that is, [...]...
45. Pig War Arbitration Embracing mainstream international law, this section on pig war arbitration explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "pig war arbitration" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law [...]...
46. Court of Arbitration for Sport Contents Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) The Court of Arbitration for Sport is an institution independent of any sports ... Read more...
47. DSU: Jurisdiction and Procedures Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes (DSU): Jurisdiction and Procedures This section provides an overview of Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes (DSU): jurisdiction and procedures within the legal context of WTO [...]...
48. WTO Dispute Settlement Remedies Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes (DSU): Remedies This section provides an overview of Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes (DSU): remedies within the legal context of WTO Dispute Settlement Understanding in [...]...
49. Arbitration Award Contents Arbitration Award International awards differ from civil awards in having no legal sanction by which they can be enforced. ... Read more...
50. Intellectual Property Protection Intellectual Property Protection in International Economic Law In international economic law, intellectual property protection includes the following legal areas, with coverage in this world legal encyclopedia: li> Goals, Principles and Minimum Standards of Protection of Intellectual Property [...]...
51. Permanent Court of Arbitration Introduction to Permanent Court of Arbitration Permanent Court of Arbitration, panel of arbitrators established by the Convention for the Pacific Settlement of International Disputes, signed by 24 nations at the first international peace conference at The Hague, the Netherlands, in 1899. The [...]...
52. London Court of International Arbitration London Court of International Arbitration (LCIA) in International Trade Meaning of London Court of International Arbitration (LCIA), according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The LCIA is one of the world's leading international institutions for commercial [...]...
53. Implementation in International Arbitration Implementation and Enforcement in International Arbitration This section provides an overview of implementation and enforcement in international arbitration within the legal context of Procedural Aspects in international economic law, with coverage of Adjudication and Enforcement (Principles). [...]...
54. Arbitration Institute of the Stockholm Chamber of Commerce Arbitration Institute of the Stockholm Chamber of Commerce (SCC) This section provides an overview of arbitration institute of the stockholm chamber of commerce (scc) within the legal context of Investment Arbitration Fora in international economic law, with coverage of Adjudication and [...]...
55. Investment Treaty Arbitration Contents Investment Treaty Arbitration History By Susan D. Franck Since at least 1794, arbitration has been used as a mechanism ... Read more...
56. Amicus Curiae in International Investment Arbitration Contents Amicus Curiae in International Investment Arbitration Note: this entry is a continuation of the entry about the Participation of ... Read more...
57. Resistance to Arbitration Resistance to Arbitration (Adjudication and Enforcement) This section provides an overview of resistance to arbitration (adjudication and enforcement) within the legal context of Resistance to Arbitration in international economic law, with coverage of Adjudication and Enforcement [...]...
58. Arbitration Adjudication Resistance to Arbitration (Adjudication and Enforcement) This section provides an overview of resistance to arbitration (adjudication and enforcement) within the legal context of Resistance to Arbitration in international economic law, with coverage of Adjudication and Enforcement (Principles)....
59. Jurisdiction in International Arbitration This section provides an overview of jurisdiction in international arbitration within the legal context of Procedural Aspects in international economic law, with coverage of Adjudication and Enforcement (Principles). Resources Further Reading Jan Paulsson, "Jurisdiction in International [...]...
60. Admissibility in International Arbitration This section provides an overview of admissibility in international arbitration within the legal context of Procedural Aspects in international economic law, with coverage of Adjudication and Enforcement (Principles). Resources Further Reading Veijo Heiskanen, "Admissibility in [...]...
61. Investment Rules Relationship of Competition Law to Trade and Investment Rules This section provides an overview of relationship of competition law to trade and investment rules within the legal context of Competition Law and Policy in international economic law (Main Regulatory Areas). Resources Further [...]...
62. Investment Regulation Impact of Domestic Regulation on Trade in Goods, Services and on Investment in International Economic Law In international economic law, impact of domestic regulation on trade in goods, services and on investment includes the following legal areas, with coverage in this world legal [...]...
63. Investment Protection Investment Protection in International Economic Law In international economic law, investment protection includes the following legal areas, with coverage in this world legal encyclopedia: li> Coverage in Investment Protection Right to Use and Direct Expropriation Indirect Expropriation...
64. Investment Barriers-to-Entry This section provides an overview of investment barriers-to-entry within the legal context of Market Access (Quantitative Restrictions in Goods and Services) in international economic law (Main Regulatory Areas). Resources Further Reading Wolfgang Alschner, "Investment [...]...
65. International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes International Centre For Settlement Of Investment Disputes Summary of International Centre For Settlement Of Investment Disputes An international agency affiliated with the World Bank and serving as a forum for the resolution of international investment disputes. The center was established [...]...
66. Standards in Investment Law Minimum Standards in Investment Law in International Economic Law In international economic law, minimum standards in investment law includes the following legal areas, with coverage in this world legal encyclopedia: li> Non-Arbitrariness Fair and Equitable Treatment (FET) Full Protection [...]...
67. National Treatment in Investment Law This section provides an overview of national treatment in investment law within the legal context of Non-Discrimination on Foreign Direct Investment in international economic law (Principles). Resources Further Reading Andrea K Bjorklund, "National Treatment in Investment Law," [...]...
68. Most-Favoured Nation Treatment in Investment Law This section provides an overview of most-favoured nation treatment in investment law within the legal context of Non-Discrimination on Foreign Direct Investment in international economic law (Principles). Resources Further Reading Piero Bernardini, "Most-Favoured Nation Treatment in [...]...
69. Non-Discrimination on Foreign Direct Investment Non-Discrimination on Foreign Direct Investment in International Economic Law In international economic law, non-discrimination on foreign direct investment includes the following legal areas, with coverage in this world legal encyclopedia: li> Most-Favoured Nation Treatment in Investment Law [...]...
70. Commercial Arbitration In the U.S., commercial arbitration is used most often in the construction, garment, and textile industries; in cases involving insurance and negligence; in maritime disputes; and in controversies involving members of stock and commodity exchanges. All but six states have adopted modern [...]...
71. Investment Law Investment Companies Law......
72. Investment Resources See Also Education Policy Training Policy...
73. International Investment Bank A multinational development bank, membership of which is comprised of the Soviet Union and its allies. The bank was formed in 1970 to foster "economic efficiency and intensification" in the member states. The authorized capital of the bank is 1,071,300,000 transferable rubles, of which 374......
74. Inventory Investment The aggregate national increases or decreases, expressed in monetary terms, of inventories held by the private sector. Also known as inventory change, an increase or decrease in private sector inventories not offset by current consumption is viewed as an investment in the economy.......
75. Investment Bill A bill of exchange purchased at a discount and held to maturity.......
76. Investment Fund Spanish Translation of investment fundThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to investment fund and / or a definition of this topic: Fondo de Inversión (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry)....
77. Investment Trusts Spanish Translation of investment trustsThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to investment trusts and / or a definition of this topic: Instituciones de Inversión Colectiva (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry)....
78. Investment Requirements International investment is a cornerstone of the world economy: it creates jobs, economic growth and prosperity at home, and supports development and stability worldwide. United States Office of Investment Affairs (OIA) The Office of Investment Affairs works to improve the climate for [...]...
79. Investment Measures The Agreement on Trade-Related Investment Measures and the World Trade Organization The Agreement on Trade-Related Investment Measures in relation to the World Trade Organization (WTO) covers several issues....
80. Investment Dispute Settlement Investment Dispute Settlement Under Chapter 11 of the North American Free Trade Agreement Involving the United States in 2013 United States views on international law [1] in relation to Investment Dispute Settlement Under Chapter 11 of the North American Free Trade Agreement Involving the [...]...
81. Investment Dispute Resolution Investment Dispute Resolution Under Free Trade Agreements In relation to the international law practice and investment dispute resolution under free trade agreements in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: Trade, Commercial Relations, Investment, and [...]...
82. International Investment Law Embracing mainstream international law, this section on international investment law explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "investment law, international" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of [...]...
83. Rules Relating to Investment This section provides an overview of rules relating to investment within the legal context of Impact of Domestic Regulation on Trade in Goods, Services and on Investment in international economic law, with coverage of Domestic Regulation (Behind the Borders) (Main Regulatory Areas). Resources [...]...
84. Coverage in Investment Protection This section provides an overview of coverage in investment protection within the legal context of Investment Protection in international economic law, with coverage of The Protection of Property (Main Regulatory Areas). Resources Further Reading Andrew Mitchell and Jacky Mandelbaum, [...]...
85. Investment Policy Resources See Also Economic Development Social development...
86. Investment Guaranty Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance...
87. Investment Incentive Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance...
88. Investment Promotion Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance...
89. Investment Return Resources See Also Income Distribution Bankruptcy Inequality...
90. Industrial Investment Resources See Also Industry Industrial Unionism Labor Law Industrial Disputes Business Law...
91. Arbitration: Basic features of the convention's regime on arbitration agreements Contents Arbitration: Basic features of the convention’s regime on arbitration agreements Arbitration agreements are presumed valid The drafters of the ... Read more...
92. Investment Policy Advisory Committee Investment Policy Advisory Committee (INPAC) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Investment Policy Advisory Committee (INPAC): A policy-level committee that forms part of the private sector [...]...
93. Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency: An independent agency of the World Bank group established in 1988 to [...]...
94. Investment Dispute Settlements under the Nafta Investment Dispute Settlement Under Chapter 11 of the North American Free Trade Agreement Involving the United States in 2013 (Continuation) United States views on international law [1] in relation to Investment Dispute Settlement Under Chapter 11 of the North American Free Trade Agreement [...]...
95. Investment Treaty Cases: U.S.as respondent State Contents Investment Treaty Cases: United States as respondent State See: Bilateral Investment Treaties by countries Investment treaty law and arbitration ... Read more...
96. International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes: An international agency affiliated [...]...
97. International Arbitration International arbitration is the settlement by a mutually acceptable third party of disputes between sovereign states. Modern international arbitration began with the conclusion of Jay's Treaty (1794) by Great Britain and the United States. Numerous disputes were arbitrated during the 19th [...]...
98. Interest Arbitration Description of Interest Arbitration Resources See Also Labor Employment...
99. International Business Arbitration Contents International business arbitration American Arbitration Association International Council for Commercial Arbitration International Chamber of Commerce. Court of Arbitration Permanent ... Read more...
100. International Commercial Arbitration See also International business arbitration in this international legal encyclopedia. International Commercial Arbitration Resources Treaties and Conventions on Arbitration See also Treaties in this legal [...]...
101. Invalidity of Arbitration Agreement Contents Invalidity of Arbitration Agreement     Article V(1)(a) also provides a ground for refusal where the arbitration agreement “referred ... Read more...
102. International Arbitration, Historical Contents International Arbitration International arbitration is a proceeding in which two nations refer their differences to one or more selected ... Read more...
103. International Court Of Justice Introduction to International Court of Justice International Court of Justice, also known as World Court, principal judicial organ of the United Nations (UN). It was created in 1945 under the UN Charter as the successor to the Permanent Court of International Justice under the League of [...]...
104. International Courts International Law: International Courts and Organizations Introduction to International Courts Judicial decisions rendered by international courts are important elements in identifying and confirming international legal rules. The most important international courts are the UN International [...]...
105. International Enforcement Enforcement Jurisdiction Jurisdiction to Enforce in General This include the following: National Practice with Respect to Jurisdiction to Enforce International Law Governing Jurisdiction to Enforce Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments in a Country This covers the [...]...
106. International Dispute Settlement Basic Principles of International Dispute Settlement in International Economic Law In international economic law, basic principles of international dispute settlement includes the following legal areas, with coverage in this world legal encyclopedia: li> Pacta Sunt Servanda State [...]...
107. Investor-State Conflict Management This section provides an overview of investor-state conflict management within the legal context of Forms of Enforcement in international economic law, with coverage of Adjudication and Enforcement (Principles). Resources Further Reading Roberto Echandi and Mariana Hernandez Crespo Gonstead, [...]...
108. International Arbitrator Ethics This section provides an overview of international arbitrator ethics within the legal context of Procedural Aspects in international economic law, with coverage of Adjudication and Enforcement (Principles). Resources Further Reading Catherine A Rogers, "International Arbitrator [...]...
109. International Enforcement Procedures Adjudication and Enforcement Procedural Aspects in International Economic Law In international economic law, adjudication and enforcement procedural aspects includes the following legal areas, with coverage in this world legal encyclopedia: li>Jurisdiction in International Arbitration [...]...
110. International Adjudication Adjudication and Enforcement in International Economic Law In international economic law, adjudication and enforcement includes the following legal areas, with coverage in this world legal encyclopedia: li>Investment Arbitration Fora Procedural Aspects Basic Principles of International Dispute [...]...
111. Commercial arbitration: U.S. Cases on arbitration Contents Commercial arbitration: United States court decisions on arbitration See: Commercial arbitration: U.S. Court decisions applying NY Convention 1958   ... Read more...
112. Bilateral Investment Treaties Contents Bilateral Investment Treaties Bilateral Investment Treaties resources • unctad bilateral investment Treaties online (searchable database) Free trade/sectoral agreements with ... Read more...
113. List of Investment Law e-Journals Contents List of Investment Law e-Journals 401(k) advisor 1080-2142 Accounting and business research 0001-4788 Accounting forum 0155-9982 The American Bankruptcy ... Read more...
114. Defensive Investment An investment undertaken to protect larger commercial interests rather than for the return that the investment itself generates.......
115. European Investment Bank Summary of European Investment Bank A multilateral development bank established in 1958 by the Treaty of Rome for the purpose of assisting in the balanced growth of the European economic community (read this and related legal terms for further details) (EEC). The bank grants long-term loans [...]...
116. Foreign Investment Review Act An act of the Canadian Parliament directed toward protection of Canada's economy from domination by foreign direct and portfolio investment. The act is concerned with the establishment or takeover of Canadian businesses only; the acquisition of shares in Canadian firms, where such acquisition do......
117. Portfolio Investment A minority interest in a foreign venture from which income is derived in the form of dividends; normally such an interest does not convey any significant control over the management or operations of the foreign firm.......
118. Vertical Foreign Investment Investments made by a firm, usually an oligopolistic firm in an industrially advanced nation, in a foreign source of raw or semiprocessed materials that can be used in the manufacture of the investing firm's product. ......
119. Trade and Investment Council Trade and Investment Council in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Trade and Investment Council: A forum for bilateral consultations between the United States and various countries which have [...]...
120. Bilateral Investment Treaty Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT) and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT): An agreement between two countries providing for nondiscriminatory [...]...