Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. International Trade Commission For more details on United States International Trade Commission, click here.......
2. International Trade Law Outline Following an introductory overview of the principles and structure of international trade law, this entry concentrates on the substantive obligations in the agreements that form part of the World Trade Organization Agreement, including tariff and customs?related matters, [...]...
3. International Trade International Political Economy Trends: International Trade Introduction to International Trade In the 21st century, international trade has grown to 20 percent of the world's total production of goods and services-around $6.5 trillion per year. This volume of trade is almost seven times [...]...
4. International Trade Logistics In the United States For information about International Trade Logistics in the context of international trade, click here...
5. Multilateral Trade Organization Multilateral Trade Organization (MTO) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Multilateral Trade Organization (MTO): A proposed organization that would subsume the GAIT,the General Agreement on [...]...
6. International Organization for Standardization International Organization for Standardization; sometimes referred to as the International Standards Organization (ISO) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of International Organization for [...]...
7. International Jute Organization International Jute Organization in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of International Jute Organization: An international commodity organization (Sec. I) established in 1984 to administer the [...]...
8. International Natural Rubber Organization International Natural Rubber Organization in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of International Natural Rubber Organization: An international commodity organization (Sec.l)formed in 1980 to [...]...
9. International Cocoa Organization International Cocoa Organization in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of International Cocoa Organization: An international commodity organization (Sec. I) established in 1973 to implement the [...]...
10. International Fund for Agricultural Development International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD): A specialized agency of the United Nations [...]...
11. World Trade Organization Unlike GATT, the WTO is a permanent body but not a specialized agency of the United Nations. Introduction to World Trade Organization World Trade Organization (WTO), international body that promotes and enforces the provisions of trade laws and regulations. The World Trade Organization has [...]...
12. International Tropical Timber Organization International Tropical Timber Organization in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of International Tropical Timber Organization: An international commodity organization (Sec. I)established in 1985 to [...]...
13. International Trade Administration International Trade Administration (ITA) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of International Trade Administration (ITA): Pan of the US Department of Commerce which administers portions of US [...]...
14. International Trade Theories In the United States For information about International Trade theories in the context of international trade, click here...
15. International Sugar Organization See the International Commodity Organization.......
16. International Trade Centre International Trade Centre Outline The ITC is a governmental body operating under the joint auspices of GATT and UNCTAD. It initially came into existence in 1964 as an organization supported by GATT and came under the joint auspices of GATT and UNCTAD in 1968. Its main function is to promote......
17. International Labour Organization ILO – International Labour Organization Further Reading A concise encyclopedia of the United Nations (including International Labour Organization , H Volger, KA Annan -2010) The Oxford Handbook on the United Nations (TG Weiss - 2007) International Law: A Dictionary (including [...]...
18. Japan External Trade Organization Japan External Trade Organization (JETRO) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Japan External Trade Organization (JETRO): A nationally-chartered organization with an endowment from the Japanese [...]...
19. International Maritime Satellite Organization International Maritime Satellite Organization Outline INMARSAT was established in 1979 pursuant to an international convention made in 1976 by the members of IMO: see 2.57. Its membership is open to any country. Its main task is to improve and coordinate maritime satellite communications [...]...
20. Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency: An independent agency of the World Bank group established in 1988 to [...]...
21. International Organization Introduction to International Organization International Organization, a membership group that operates across national borders for specific purposes. Scholars of international relations consider international organizations to have growing importance in world politics. Examples of [...]...
22. United Nations Industrial Development Organization Introduction to United Nations Industrial Development Organization United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), international agency established by the General Assembly of the United Nations (UN) in 1966 to promote industrialization in developing nations. The organization offers [...]...
23. International Development Association International Development Association Outline The IDA is one of the two affiliates of the World Bank. It came into existence in 1962 under the Articles of Agreement of the International Development Association of 1960. Its main function is to provide loans on more favourable and flexible terms [...]...
24. International Finance Corporation International Finance Corporation Outline The IFC is part of the World Bank. It came into force in 1956 pursuant to the Articles of Agreement of the International Finance Corporation of 1955. Its main function is to facilitate the supply of funds to private enterprises in order to encourage or [...]...
25. International Coffee Organization See the International Commodity Organization.......
26. Enforcement The Legal History of Enforcement in Islamic Law This section provides an overview of Enforcement in Islamic Law Federal Trade Commission Act and Enforcement Under the FTC Act and the Electronic Commerce Federal Trade Commission Act and Enforcement Under the FTC Act in the Online Business Law [...]...
27. Free Trade Area Summary of Free Trade Area An association of states that seeks to overcome impediments to trade among members by reducing or eliminating tariffs among the participants. The members of a free trade area do not maintain a common external tariff nor do they (usually) provide for the free flow [...]...
28. World Trade Organization Functions World Trade Organization In relation to the international law practice and world trade organization in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: Trade, Commercial Relations, Investment, and Transportation About this subject:WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement [...]...
29. Intergovernmental Organizations A list of some Intergovernmental Organizations is the following: Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization ( CTBTO ) Food and Agriculture Organization ( FAO ) Global Environment Facility ( GEF ) Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ( IPCC ) International Atomic [...]...
30. International Trade Patterns Ricardian Model and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Ricardian Model: A theory for explaining international trade patterns in terms of technological differences among countries and resulting [...]...
31. World Meteorological Organization WMO – World Meteorological Organization Further Reading A concise encyclopedia of the United Nations (including World Meteorological Organization , H Volger, KA Annan -2010) The Oxford Handbook on the United Nations (TG Weiss - 2007) International Law: A Dictionary (including World [...]...
32. Organization of East Caribbean States Organization of East Caribbean States (OECS) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Organization of East Caribbean States (OECS): A customs union including Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, [...]...
33. Customs Trade Regulations Law of Similars and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Law of Similars: Regulations limiting importation of a product or altering its tariff treatment if a "similar" [...]...
34. Economic Sanctions UN Sanctions against Iran Note: for more information, click here. United Nations Sanctions against Iran by Title, Description and Date: UN Security Council Resolution 1696: Resolution expressing the Security Council's concern about the direction of Iran's nuclear program. (July 31, [...]...
35. United Nations Commission on International Trade Law United Nations Commission On International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) United Nations Commission on International Trade Law Outline The United Nations Commission on International Trade Law was set up in 1966 by the General Assembly of the United Nations to deal with conflicts of national laws [...]...
36. Export Controls Export Controls and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Export Controls: Regulations or restrictions applied to exports by the government of the exporting country to limit [...]...
37. United Nations Conference on International Organization Embracing mainstream international law, this section on united nations conference on international organization explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "united nations conference on international organization" [...]...
38. International Civil Aviation Organization International Civil Aviation Organization Outline The ICAO came into existence in 1947 pursuant to an international agreement signed in 1944 in Chicago. The Chicago Convention sets out international standards and recommended practices for international civil aviation. The ICAO was founded to [...]...
39. Trade Sanctions Somalia Sanctions ...
40. Intergovernmental Maritime Consultative Organization Embracing mainstream international law, this section on intergovernmental maritime consultative organization explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "intergovernmental maritime consultative organization" in [...]...
41. World Tourism Organization Embracing mainstream international law, this section on world tourism organization explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Embracing mainstream international law, this section on world tourism organization explores the context, history and effect of the [...]...
42. International Maritime Organization Summary of International Maritime Organization A specialized agency of the United Nations concerned with maritime safety and protection of the marine environment. The IMO was created as the result of the United Nations Maritime Conference of 1948; the convention creating the IMO did not, [...]...
43. Unfair Trade Practices Unfair Trade Practices and the Laws of International Trade Executive review of unfair trade practices: Background Unfair Trade and Import Competition Regulation Procedure: Initiation of investigation The investigation Monitoring Recent developments The escape clause: [...]...
44. Court of International Trade Court of International Trade in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Court of International Trade: A US Federal Court (formerly the Court of Tariff Appeals) that hears appeals from proceedings [...]...
45. National Foreign Trade Council National Foreign Trade Council in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of National Foreign Trade Council: An organization of US companies engaged in international trade and investment, based in [...]...
46. Court of International Trade Proceedings In the United States For information about Court of international trade proceedings in the context of international trade, click here...
47. Record-keeping Requirements In the United States For information about Record keeping Requirements in the context of international trade, click here...
48. International Bauxite Association See the International Commodity Organization.......
49. International Operations In the United States For information about International Operations in the context of international trade, click here...
50. International Trade Organizations Contents International Trade Organizations Introduction This entry concentrates on the structure, role and competence of the World Trade Organization (WTO) ... Read more...
51. International Rice Commission International Rice Commission in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of International Rice Commission: An international organization established in 1948 in Rome to promote national and international [...]...
52. Export Control Export Control and the Laws of International Trade Export control reform initiative Export Administration System Commerce control list Export Control in Merger and Acquisitions Dual use items End-use-based controls Reexports Software and technology Regulatory requirements for all [...]...
53. Rules of Origin Rules of Origin and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Rules of Origin: The laws, regulations, and administrative practices that are applied to ascribe acountry of origin to [...]...
54. Trade Laws In the United States For information about Trade Laws in the context of international trade, click here...
55. Commission on International Commodity Trade An agency of the United Nations established in 1954 to monitor activities of primary commodities markets. The basic function of the commission is to compile statistics on commodities trading, observe the impact of the markets upon developing countries, and make reports and recommendations to [...]...
56. International Antitrust Litigation In the United States For information about International Antitrust Litigation in the context of international trade, click here...
57. International Monetary Fund International Monetary Fund Outline The UN Monetary and Financial Conference met in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, United States, from 1 to 20 July 1944. The Bretton Woods Agreement announced the establishment of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the International Bank for [...]...
58. Trade Policy Research Centre Trade Policy Research Centre in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Trade Policy Research Centre: A London-based organization established in 1968 to promote independent research and discussion of [...]...
59. Food And Agriculture Organization Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Introduction to Food and Agriculture Organization Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), specialized United Nations agency whose main goal is to eliminate hunger on a world scale. The organization's mandate is [...]...
60. Export Administration Regulations Export Administration Regulations and the Laws of International Trade The Export Administration Regulations Export Control Compliance and Administration National security-related controls Foreign policy controls Short supply controls Jurisdiction Foreign boycotts under [...]...
61. Trade Negotiations Committee Trade Negotiations Committee (TNC) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Trade Negotiations Committee (TNC): The steering group established at the outset of the GA 1TUruguay Round (Sec. I) to [...]...
62. Trade Barriers Standards-Related Activity and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Standards-Related Activity: An activity undertaken in conjunction with administration or enforcement of [...]...
63. International Wool Secretariat International Wool Secretariat in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of International Wool Secretariat: An organization established in 1937 by representatives of the Australian, South African and [...]...
64. Multilateral Control In the United States For information about Multilateral control in the context of international trade, click here...
65. Defense Policy Advisory Committee on Trade Defense Policy Advisory Committee on Trade (DPACT) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Defense Policy Advisory Committee on Trade (DPACT): A policy-Ievel committee that funds part of the [...]...
66. Diamond Trade In the United States For information about Diamond trade in the context of international trade, click here...
67. Brussels Treaty Organization Embracing mainstream international law, this section on brussels treaty organization explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "brussels treaty organization" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of [...]...
68. Organization of the Islamic Conference Embracing mainstream international law, this section on organization of the islamic conference explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "organization of the islamic conference" in the Parry and Grant [...]...
69. Multilateral Trade Negotiations Negotiations among many nations acting in concert for the purpose of reducing trade barriers. Since the inception of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (read about the GATT for further details). in 1947, the mos......
70. World Intellectual Property Organization Summary of World Intellectual Property Organization A specialized agency of the United Nations charged with fostering international agreements to protect rights to intellectual property, with the object of facilitating international technology transfer. WIPO serves as the nucleus for new [...]...
71. Trade and Investment Council Trade and Investment Council in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Trade and Investment Council: A forum for bilateral consultations between the United States and various countries which have [...]...
72. International Regulatory Compliance In the United States For information about International Regulatory Compliance in the context of international trade, click here...
73. International Olive Oil Council See the International Commodity Organization.......
74. International Meat Council International Meat Council in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of International Meat Council: A group established within the GA 1T framework to oversee the Bovine Meat Arrangement (Sec. I). In [...]...
75. International Compliance In the United States For information about International Compliance in the context of international trade, click here...
76. Trade Legislation In the United States For information about Trade Legislation in the context of international trade, click here...
77. International Commodity Organization An organization of the producing nations of a particular commodity. The principal motive for the organization is to foster price collaboration among the producers; the organization may establish buffer stocks to prevent wide swings in the market price of the commodity. The principal [...]...
78. International Lead and Zinc Study Group See the International Commodity Organization.......
79. Organization For European Economic Cooperation Organization For European Economic Cooperation Summary of Organization For European Economic Cooperation A post-World War II organization established to coordinate the reconstruction of Europe. The OEEC arose in response to an Anglo-French declaration in 1947 calling for European [...]...
80. Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries Organization Of Petroleum Exporting Countries Summary of Organization Of Petroleum Exporting Countries A cartel of oil-producing nations founded at Baghdad in 1960 by Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Saudi Arabia, and Venezuela. The cartel was joined subsequently by Qatar (1961), Indonesia [...]...
81. Trade Control In the United States For information about Trade Control in the context of international trade, click here...
82. History of the World Trade Organization Origins of the World Trade Organization: History ...
83. International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes: An international agency affiliated [...]...
84. Export Clearance In the United States For information about Export clearance in the context of international trade, click here...
85. Preferential Treatment In the United States For information about Preferential treatment in the context of international trade, click here Embracing mainstream international law, this section on preferential treatment explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further [...]...
86. Trade Regulations In the United States For information about Trade Regulations in the context of international trade, click here...
87. Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe Embracing mainstream international law, this section on organization for security and cooperation in europe explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "organization for security and cooperation in europe" in the [...]...
88. Organization of Arab Oil Exporting Countries Embracing mainstream international law, this section on organization of arab oil exporting countries explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "organization of arab oil exporting countries" in the Parry and [...]...
89. Supranational Organization Embracing mainstream international law, this section on supranational organization explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "supranational organization" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of [...]...
90. International Tea Committee International Tea Committee in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of International Tea Committee: An international organization established in London in 1933 to administer the International Tea [...]...
91. Foreign Trade Control Law In the United States For information about Foreign Trade Control Law in the context of international trade, click here...
92. Trade Competition Patent, copyright, and trademark laws ...
93. International Law of Trade International Law of TradeFurther ReadingA concise encyclopedia of the United Nations (including International Law of Trade, H Volger, KA Annan -2010) The Oxford Handbook on the United Nations (TG Weiss - 2007) International Law: A Dictionary (including International Law of Trade, Boczek, [...]...
94. International Dispute Resolution Process In the United States For information about International Dispute resolution process in the context of international trade, click here...
95. Exceptions Products specifically exempted from trade liberalization, such as duty reductions; usually, exceptions are made to protect domestic industries that would suffer serious harm from increased imports.......
96. Intra-Industry Trade Inter-Industry and Intra-Industry Trade and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Inter-Industry and Intra-Industry Trade: Inter-industry trade involves exchanges between countries that link [...]...
97. Antitrust Enforcement In the United States For information about Antitrust enforcement in the context of international trade, click here...
98. International Labor Organization International Labor Organization Outline The ILO was established in 1919 in Washington. It became a specialized agency of the UN with independent status after the Second World War. The organization has representation from both the governments and trade unions of the member countries, and is a [...]...
99. International Dairy Products Council International Dairy Products Council in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of International Dairy Products Council: A group established within the GATT framework to oversee the International Dairy [...]...
100. Advisory Committee on Trade Policy and Negotiations Advisory Committee on Trade Policy and Negotiations (ACTPN) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Advisory Committee on Trade Policy and Negotiations (ACTPN): The highest-level group in the [...]...
101. Fair Trade Fair Trade and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Fair Trade: International trade involving shipments that do not benefit from government assistance. Fair trade --and the related concept of unfair [...]...
102. Information Exports In the United States For information about Information exports in the context of international trade, click here...
103. Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Flora and Fauna Known commonly by the acronym CITES, a multilateral agreement to suppress international trade in endangered species of wildlife and plants. The convention was signed at Washington in 1973; in 1984, sixty-nine nations were signatories. Adherents to the convention pledge to interdict the [...]...
104. Committee on Trade and Development Committee on Trade and Development (CTD) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Committee on Trade and Development (CTD): A GATT standing committee responsible for monitoring and discussing the [...]...
105. Negotiations Item-by-Item Negotiations and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Item-by-Item Negotiations: A method of tariff negotiations in which the expected trade effects of each [...]...
106. Imports Minimum Import Price and International Trade Sea Turtle Conservation and Shrimp Imports In relation to the international law practice and Sea Turtle Conservation and Shrimp Imports in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: Environment, Transnational Scientific Issues [...]...
107. Trade Authorization In the United States For information about Trade authorization in the context of international trade, click here...
108. International Cotton Advisory Committee See the International Commodity Organization.......
109. Trade Creation The substitution of lower- cost foreign goods for higher-cost domestic manufactures.......
110. Trade War Introduction to Trade War Trade War, economic tug-of-war between nations in which each side tries to limit the other's exports while flooding the other's market with its own goods." (1) Resources Notes and References Information about "http://lawi......
111. International Whaling Commission International Whaling Commission (IWC) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of International Whaling Commission (IWC): An organization established in 1946 in Washington, DC, under the International [...]...
112. International Committee of the Red Cross Embracing mainstream international law, this section on international committee of the red cross explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization [...]...
113. European Free Trade Association Summary of European Free Trade Association A free trade area consisting of seven European countries among which tariffs and quantitative restrictions on industrial imports have been eliminated. Established in 1960 by the Stockholm Convention, EFTA originally included Austria, Denmark, [...]...
114. Sanctions United Nations Sanctions Further Reading A concise encyclopedia of the United Nations (including Sanctions , H Volger, KA Annan -2010) The Oxford Handbook on the United Nations (TG Weiss - 2007) International Law: A Dictionary (including Sanctions , Boczek, Boleslaw Adam -2005) Spanish [...]...
115. Baltic Free Trade Area Baltic Free Trade Area in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Baltic Free Trade Area: A prospective free trade area linking Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. Objectives include elimination of [...]...
116. International Wheat Organization See the International Commodity Organization.......
117. International Cocoa Agreement And International Cocoa Organization International Cocoa Agreement and International Cocoa Organization OutlineThe International Cocoa Agreement has been made for the purpose of stabilising the cocoa market and preventing excessive fluctuations in the prices of cocoa. The first agreement was made in the 1972 UN Cocoa Conferenc......
118. International Textiles and Clothing Bureau International Textiles and Clothing Bureau (ITCH) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of International Textiles and Clothing Bureau (ITCH): A group of 18 developing countries formed to coordinate [...]...
119. World Health Organization and Egypt Interpretation of the Agreement of 25 March 1951 Between the World Health Organization and Egypt Embracing mainstream international law, this section on interpretation of the agreement of 25 march 1951 between the who and egypt explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law [...]...
120. International Standards Organization International Standards Organization (ISO) This section provides an overview of international standards organization (iso) within the legal context of Standard-Setting Organizations in international economic law, with coverage of Architecture. Resources Further Reading Olia Kanevskaia, [...]...