International Reserves
Summary of International Reserves
Gold, hard currencies, and special drawing rights (read this and related legal terms for further details) issued by the international monetary fund (read this and related legal terms for further details) which can be used to settle a nation’s international obligations.
(Main Author: William J. Miller)
Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:
- List of international public law topics Contents List of international public law topics This is a comprehensive list of entries dealing with public international law, including ... Read more...
- Crime: International Conventions Contents Crime: International Conventions Convention on the Marking of Plastic Explosives for the Purpose of Detection 1.3.1991 International Convention against ... Read more...
- Telecommunications international conventions Contents Telecommunications international conventions Final Acts of the Plenipotentiary Conference of the International Telecommunications Union with Instruments Amending the Constitution ... Read more...
- International Patent Law Patent International patent lawIntroduction to International patent lawThe first treaty to deal with international patent law was the Paris Convention of 1883, which was originally adopted by 20 countries from around the world and has since been adopted by most others. In addition,......
- Health international conventions Contents Health international conventions Multilateral Agreement for the Operation of the Caribbean Epidemiology Centre 27.9.1990 International Health Regulations 25.7.1969 WHO ... Read more...
- International law index G Contents International law index G Gab?Ã kovo-Nagymaros Case (Hungary/Slovakia) Gacaca Courts Gali? Case Ganges River GATT and the Goods Council ... Read more...
- International criminal law: Organized Crime and Narcotics Contents International Criminal Law :Organized Crime and Narcotics 1. Major Treaties and Documents United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in ... Read more...
- International Law Treaties International Law System: TreatiesIntroduction to International Law TreatiesTreaties are written agreements between two or more sovereign states. International organizations may also be given the capacity to make treaties, either with sovereign states or other international organiz......
- International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights See also: Human Rights, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Treaty, Legislation International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) Optional Protocol 1 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) ...
- Education and culture international conventions Contents Education and culture international conventions Convention for the Protection of the Architectural Heritage of Europe 3.10.1985 Agreement Establishing a ... Read more...
- Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties between States and International Organizations Contents Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties between States and International Organizations PART I INTRODUCTION Article 1 ... Read more...
- International Convention Convention and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Convention provided by the European Union Commission: The term "convention" again can have both a generic and a specific meaning. (a) Convention as a generic term: Art.38 (1) (a) of the Statute of the International [...]...
- International Court of Justice Part 24 Contents International Court of Justice Part 24 418 DRAFT CONVENTION ON JURISDICTION AND RECOGNITION OF JUDGMENTS IN INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ... Read more...
- International humanitarian law Part 1 Contents International humanitarian law Part 1 1 Where Precision Is the Aim: Locating the Targeted Killing Policies of the ... Read more...
- International Convention for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas 3 Contents International Convention for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas Article XI 1. The Contracting Parties agree that there should ... Read more...
- International Trade and Commercial Relations resources Contents International Trade and Commercial Relations resources International Trade and Commercial Relations web resources...
- International Criminal Court Part 25 Contents International Criminal Court Part 25 480 Contextualizing the Agreement on the Privileges and Immunities of the International Criminal ... Read more...
- International Environment, Biodiversity and Climate resources Contents International Environment, Biodiversity and Climate resources Antarctic Treaty System – Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR), Cambridge, United Kingdom. ... Read more...
- International Tropical Timber Agreement Contents International Tropical Timber Agreement Chapter I Objectives Article 1 Objectives With a view to achieving the relevant objectives ... Read more...
- Drugs international conventions Contents Drugs international conventions List of Drugs international conventions They are: Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic ... Read more...
- Hague Conferences On Private International Law Hague Conferences on Private International Law OutlineThe word 'conference' here refers to an intergovernmental organization established under the Statute of the Hague Conference on Private International Law of 1951, which came into force in 1955. Prior to 1951, there had been six c......
- International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage 3 Contents International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage ARTICLE X 1. Any judgment given by a court ... Read more...
- Human rights international conventions Contents Human rights international conventions Protocol No 2 to the European Convention for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or ... Read more...
- International Court of Justice Part 26 Contents International Court of Justice Part 26 424 Australia-Australia Withdraws Maritime Disputes from the Compulsory Jurisdiction of the International ... Read more...
- International Convention for the Suppression of Terrorist Bombings Contents International Convention for the Suppression of Terrorist Bombings Article 1 For the purposes of this Convention 1. “State ... Read more...
- International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution of the Sea by Oil Contents International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution of the Sea by Oil Article I 1. For the purposes ... Read more...
- Food Reserves A nation's stockpile of food in excess of current requirements; used primarily in relation to measurement of the shortfall or excess of food production by developing nations.......
- Monetary Reserves Precious metal, or foreign currencies convertible into metal, held by a national treasury or central bank as security for money in circulation.......
- Sea international law resources Contents Sea international law resources Law of the Sea(C.O.L.) Links to 1982 Convention, 1994 Modifications U.N. Division for Ocean Affairs ... Read more...
- International Criminal Court Part 1 Contents International Criminal Court Part 1 1 The Evolution of International Criminal Law : Prosecuting ‘New’ Crimes before the ... Read more...
- International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of all Migrant Contents International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of all Migrant PART I Scope and definitions Article 1 ... Read more...
- International Organization Introduction to International Organization International Organization, a membership group that operates across national borders for specific purposes. Scholars of international relations consider international organizations to have growing importance in world politics. Examples of [...]...
- International Security Part 21 Contents International Security Part 21 251 Investigation Proprio Motu for the Maintenance of International Peace and Security Hitoshi Nasu ... Read more...
- International Convention on Salvage Contents International Convention on Salvage CHAPTER I GENERAL PROVISIONS Article 1 Definitions For the purpose of this Convention: (a) ... Read more...
- Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Flora and Fauna Known commonly by the acronym CITES, a multilateral agreement to suppress international trade in endangered species of wildlife and plants. The convention was signed at Washington in 1973; in 1984, sixty-nine nations were signatories. Adherents to the convention pledge to interdict the [...]...
- International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes International Centre For Settlement Of Investment Disputes Summary of International Centre For Settlement Of Investment Disputes An international agency affiliated with the World Bank and serving as a forum for the resolution of international investment disputes. The center was established [...]...
- International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea Issues International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea in 2013 (Continuation) United States views on international law [1] in relation to International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea: 12. In deciding how broadly to interpret and apply Article 21 of the Tribunal's Statute, the Tribunal should [...]...
- Agreement on the Privileges and Immunities of the International Criminal Court Contents Agreement on the Privileges and Immunities of the International Criminal Court (ICC) Title of the Agreement Agreement on the ... Read more...
- Locarno Agreement establishing an International Classification for Industrial Designs Locarno Agreement establishing an International Classification for Industrial Designs Title of the Treaty Locarno Agreement Establishing an International Classification for ... Read more...
- International law index V Contents International law index V Van Gend & Loos Case Velásquez Rodrà guez v Honduras Case Venice Commission Verification of ... Read more...
- International Court of Justice Part 1 Hello Contents International Court of Justice Part 1 1 Current Legal Developments International Court of Justice Hamid, Abdul Ghafur ... Read more...
- International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda Part 1 Contents International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda Part 1 1 THE IMPUNITY GAP OF THE International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda ... Read more...
- International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda Part 4 Contents International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda Part 4 43 Current developments in the jurisprudence of the International Criminal Tribunal ... Read more...
- International Criminal Court Part 23 Contents International Criminal Court Part 23 450 The Definition of “Gender”in the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court ... Read more...
- International Criminal Court Part 8 Contents International Criminal Court Part 8 147 The Exercise of Jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court : A Legal ... Read more...
- International Arbitration Treaties Contents International Arbitration Treaties Legal Materials The U.S. Department of State posts links to UNCITRAL materials and other treaties concerning ... Read more...
- Mutual Legal Assistance in Argentina Mutual Legal Assistance in Argentina List of Mutual Legal Assistance Treaties related to this Country Below is a list of ... Read more...
- International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response and Co-Operation, 1990 Contents International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response and Co-Operation, 1990 ARTICLE 1 General provisions (1) Parties undertake, individually ... Read more...
- International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response and Co-Operation, 1990 2 Contents International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response and Co-Operation, 1990 ARTICLE 6 National and regional systems for preparedness ... Read more...
- International Cocoa Organization International Cocoa Organization in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of International Cocoa Organization: An international commodity organization (Sec. I) established in 1973 to implement the [...]...
- International Agreement International Agreement in International Trade Meaning of International Agreement, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A broad term for legally binding arrangements covered by international law between or among countries. Such arrangements are variously [...]...
- International Fisheries Company Case Embracing mainstream international law, this section on international fisheries company case explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "international fisheries company case" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic [...]...
- Transport Conventions Contents Transport Conventions Main Conventions: Protocol to the Convention on the Contract for the International Carriage of Goods by Road ... Read more...
- International Criminal Court Part 33 Contents International Criminal Court Part 33 617 HAGUE INTERNATIONAL TRIBUNALS: International Criminal Court Leiden Journal of International Law Volume ... Read more...
- International Convention for the High Seas Fisheries of the Pacific Ocean Contents International Convention for the High Seas Fisheries of the Pacific Ocean Article I 1. The area to which ... Read more...
- International Copyright Introduction to International CopyrightAlmost every nation has some form of copyright protection for authors and artists. Several important international treaties also deal with copyright law among nations. The first and perhaps the most important international treaty concerning copyright l......
- International Sanctions Cross References of Sanctions, Export Controls, International Restrictions in International Law United Nations resolution condemning Iran-supported plot against Saudi ambassador, information on International Criminal Law in this legal Encyclopedia.B.1.b. Designation of Foreign Terrorist [...]...
- International Convention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants Contents International Convention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants Article I (1) The purpose of this ... Read more...
- International Convention for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas Contents International Convention for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas Article I The area to which this Convention shall apply, ... Read more...
- Preventing war in international law. Bibliography Contents Preventing war in international law. Bibliography The most ambitious undertaking of international law has been to create rules to ... Read more...
- International law index W Contents International law index W Waiver Walvis Bay War Crimes War Graves War Materials War Reparations War Zones War, ... Read more...
- International trade law Part 13 Contents International trade law Part 13 158 National Regulation and Trade Liberalization in Services: The Legal Impact of the ... Read more...
- List of International Human Rights Treaties Contents List of International Human Rights Treaties There are nine core international human rights treaties, each established with a committee ... Read more...
- Judicial Cooperation In relation to Inter-American Treaties, Conventions and Agreements adopted within the framework of the OAS The Organization of American States (a list of Members of the Organization of American States is here) adopted the following international instruments regarding Judicial Cooperation, [...]...
- Amendments to the Convention on the International Hydrographic Organization Protocol of Amendments to the Convention on the International Hydrographic Organization Title of the Treaty Protocol of Amendments to the ... Read more...
- International Humanitarian Law Part 4 Contents International humanitarian law Part 4 56 MAPPING A RESPONSIBILITY OF CORPORATIONS FOR VIOLATIONS OF International humanitarian law SAILING ... Read more...
- International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations Contents International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations Article 1 Protection granted under ... Read more...
- International law index L Contents International law index L La Bretagne, Arbitral Award La Plata Basin Labour Law, International Labour Organization Lac Lanoux ... Read more...
- International Humanitarian Law Part 2 Contents International humanitarian law Part 2 17 E. Wilmshurst; S. Breau, eds., Perspectives on the ICRC Study on Customary ... Read more...
- International copyright Part 1 Contents International copyright Part 1 1 The Path Dependence of European Copyright Stefan Larsson SCRIPTed: a Journal of Law, ... Read more...
- International copyright Part 5 Contents International copyright Part 5 26 Copyright Enforcement at All Costs? Finding a Place for Balance in the International ... Read more...
- International Criminal Court Part 36 Contents International Criminal Court Part 36 676 Getting to Peace by Reconciling Notions of Justice: The Importance of Considering ... Read more...
- International trade law Part 23 Contents International Trade law Part 23 245 DISCIPLINING GLOBALIZATION: INTERNATIONAL LAW, ILLEGAL TRADE, AND THE CASE OF NARCOTICS Chantal ... Read more...
- Impact of the UN on International Law Contents Impact of the UN on International Law The UN began its life with a membership of 50 nations. In ... Read more...
- International Economic Institutions Institutions Related to International Economic Law In international economic law, institutions related to international economic law includes the following legal areas, with coverage in this world legal encyclopedia: li> International Labour Organization (ILO) Food and Agriculture Organization [...]...
- Gold Reserves The gold held by a nation as reserves for currency issued. After U.S. abandonment of the gold standard in 1933, Congress mandated that the Federal Reserve banks would have to hold gold certificates, reflecting gold on deposit with the U.S. Treasury equivalent to at least 25 percent of currency [...]...
- Reserves In insurance industry usage, funds set aside to satisfy claims which have arisen but not yet paid. Such reserves fall into two categories: (11 Those arising from claims made upon the insurer but not yet actually paid; and (2) claims which have been incurred but not yet reported. In the latter case, ......
- Technical Reserves Spanish Translation of technical provision, technical reserves, underwriting reservesThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to technical provision, technical reserves, underwriting reserves and / or a definition of this topic: Provisiones Técnicas (in Spanish, [...]...
- Underwriting Reserves Spanish Translation of technical provision, technical reserves, underwriting reservesThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to technical provision, technical reserves, underwriting reserves and / or a definition of this topic: Provisiones Técnicas (in Spanish, [...]...
- Payment under Reserves Payment Under Reserves in International Trade Meaning of Payment Under Reserves, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): In a letter of credit payment made against a non-complaint or questionable presentation, against which the beneficiary agree to repay if [...]...
- Lending Against Oil Reserves Lending Against Oil and Gas Reserves in relation with Oil and Gas Reserve Lending This content deals with legal and regulatory aspects of Lending Against Oil and Gas Reserves covered in connexion with Oil and Gas Reserve Lending and banking / lending Institutions....
- International crimes and international law. Bibliography International crimes and international law. Bibliography Core international crimes are crimes against peace, crimes against humanity, and war crimes. Crimes ... Read more...
- International Bank For Economic Cooperation A clearinghouse for international settlements among COMECON members established at Moscow in 1963. The object of the bank was to eliminate the need for strict bilateral settlement of trade balances among members by use of accounts in "transferable rubles." The tranferable ruble, however, h......
- International Banking Facilities Expanded powers granted to U. S. banks to participate in offshore financing, largely beyond domestic U. S. banking regulation. Recognizing that American reserve requirements and other regulatory factors were inhibiting the competitiveness of U. S. banks in international transactions, the Federal Res......
- International Bauxite Association See the International Commodity Organization.......
- International Boycott Factor An element of Section 999 of the Internal Revenue Code dealing with income derived in support of an international boycott. U.S. policy generally opposes international economic boycotts against friendly nations, and income derived by U.S. firms in furtherance of such boycotts receives adverse tax tre......
- International Clearing Union An international credit-creating institution proposed by John Maynard Keynes as a prime vehicle for reestablishing postwar liquidity. During World War II, Keynes proposed the clearing union, suggesting it would extend overdraft rights to member nations suffering payment deficits. It was anticipated ......
- International Coffee Organization See the International Commodity Organization.......
- International Commodity Agreement A multilateral trade agreement aimed at promoting price and supply stability as related to the production of a particular commodity. Such agreements are characterized by the adherence of the principal producing and consuming nations, and the establishment of a commission to ensure the orderly implem......
- International Cotton Advisory Committee See the International Commodity Organization.......
- International Gold Bullion Standard A Gold Bullion standard (read this and related legal terms for further details) that permits redemption of currency into gold only for purposes of export.......
- International Investment Bank A multinational development bank, membership of which is comprised of the Soviet Union and its allies. The bank was formed in 1970 to foster "economic efficiency and intensification" in the member states. The authorized capital of the bank is 1,071,300,000 transferable rubles, of which 374......
- International Olive Oil Council See the International Commodity Organization.......
- International Price Index A price index that serves as a standard to measure inflation in industrialized countries. The index consists of the C.I.F. value (in U.S. dollars) of exports of industrial country manufactures to developing countries.......
- International Sugar Organization See the International Commodity Organization.......
- International Trade Commission For more details on United States International Trade Commission, click here.......
- International Traffic In Arms Regulations Known commonly by the acronym ITAR, a body of Federal regulations designed to restrain, regulate, and control the manufacture, exportation, and importation of military equipment and weapons. The regulations which derive their authority primarily from which the Arms Export Control Act of 1976 (22 U.S......
- International Wheat Organization See the International Commodity Organization.......
- International Commercial Law Scope Legal Issues'International commercial law' appears to be wider because of the unsettled meanings of 'commercial law', which is more or less a mysterious term capable of covering anything relating to commerce. For example, the United Nations Commission on International Trade ......
- International Commercial Law Sources Legal IssuesInternational commercial law has come from three sources: customs, domestic legislation and international treaties… It is difficult to set out an order of priority among the sources of international commercial law. Generally speaking, an international convention may prevai......
- International Economic Law Legal Issues International economic law is more likely to fall under the rubric of public international law, as it deals with international economic relationships between states. See, for example, Petersmann, 'International Economic Theory and International Economic Law: On the Tasks of a [...]...
- International Trade Law Scope Legal IssuesBurnett's The Law of International Business Transactions (The Federation Press, Sydney, 1994) covers the areas of sale of goods, carriage of goods, financing of international transactions, GATT, export and import control, and international services trade. Day's The Law o......
- International Trade Centre International Trade Centre Outline The ITC is a governmental body operating under the joint auspices of GATT and UNCTAD. It initially came into existence in 1964 as an organization supported by GATT and came under the joint auspices of GATT and UNCTAD in 1968. Its main function is to promote......
- International Lead and Zinc Study Group See the International Commodity Organization.......
- International Tanker Nominal Freight Scale A schedule of nominal rates for movements of tankers between world ports. Publication was ceased in 1969; it has been succeeded by Worldscale (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
- International Cocoa Agreement And International Cocoa Organization International Cocoa Agreement and International Cocoa Organization OutlineThe International Cocoa Agreement has been made for the purpose of stabilising the cocoa market and preventing excessive fluctuations in the prices of cocoa. The first agreement was made in the 1972 UN Cocoa Conferenc......
- International Coffee Agreement And International Coffee Organization International Coffee Agreement and International Coffee Organization OutlineThe International Coffee Agreement was made for the purpose of regulating coffee markets, preventing excessive fluctuation in coffee prices and ensuring an adequate supply to the markets. There had been a number of ......
- International Commercial Law Contents International Commercial law See also Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods, Treaty, Legislation: United Nations Convention ... Read more...
- International law topics Contents International law topics The following are some of the topics employed in the section of international law at Lawi: ... Read more...
- International Aviation law Contents International Aviation law See also: International Aviation Law, Convention for the Unification of International Transportation by Air, Treaty, Legislation: ... Read more...
- International law databases resources Contents Treaty Tools and Databases...
- International law quotes “The burden therefore rests with the American legal community and with the American human-rights lobbies and non-governmental organizations. They can ... Read more...
- International law popular books Contents International law popular books The Islamic Law of Nations: Shaybani’s Siyar (Paperback) by Majid Khadduri (Translator) 40 – 13 ... Read more...
- International Crime law resources Contents International Crime law resources General International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL) Introduction; Basic Principles; Administration and Structure; Finances; Machinery for ... Read more...
- International Law General resources International Law – General resources Contents General Key Resources on the Internet for International Law Research(Lyonette Louis-Jacques) A Concise Guide ... Read more...
- International Environment resources Contents International Environment resources POPULATION Cairo Conference on Population (IISD) Search the Page; Conference Follow-Up; Historical Record of Conference; Preparatory ... Read more...
- International law tags Related Tags about International law ”New York Convention 1958” – ”pacta sunt servanda” – Andes Mountains – Bolivia – Burundi ... Read more...
- International criminal law tags International Criminal Law tags International Criminal Law (overview) History Sources Of International Criminal Law The Importance Of Prosecuting International Crimes ... Read more...
- International Court of Justice tags Contents Related Tags about International Court of Justice Related Topics about International Court of Justice ”Nicaragua” case – Abdulqawi Ahmed ... Read more...
- International economic law sources Contents International economic law sources Some of these sources pertain specifically to international economic law. Others do not, but offer ... Read more...