Contents
- International Organizations
- International Organizations in the 20th Century
- Introduction to International Organizations
- Cross References of International Organizations in International Law
- International organizations
- Contents of International organizations
- International Organizations in Constitutional Law
- Other Organizations
- International Organizations
- The Legal Relationship of International Organizations
- International Organizations
- Resources
- Resources
- Resources
- Resources
International Organizations
Introduction
An International Organization can be defined, following the International Law Commission, as an “organization established by a treaty or other instrument governed by international law and possessing its own international legal personality.
International Organizations in the 20th Century
Introduction to International Organizations
One sign of the important role of international organizations is how they have endured as international power relations shift. In 1991, the Soviet Union dissolved and the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States ended. Russia and other formerly communist countries in Eastern Europe ceased to pose a threat to the capitalist democracies of Western Europe. One might have expected NATO, which defended Western European nations, to go out of business, but it did not. Similarly, the creation of the WTO did not cause smaller free-trade associations such as NAFTA to end. Instead, the mosaic of international organizations continues to expand, particularly as new communications and information-processing technologies make international groups more practical and effective.
International organizations have emerged as important actors in international relations. The International Campaign to Ban Landmines won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1997 for its work coordinating the efforts of IGOs, NGOs, and states to write, sign, and ratify the international treaty banning the use of land mines. International organizations are now able to pressure states into adopting certain courses of action. When a state will not act, international organizations can mobilize individuals to take action. In some matters, such as disaster assistance or aid for refugees, states have come to rely on international organizations to provide essential services that states are unwilling or unable to offer.
The interdependence of nations in the modern world means that no single nation can dictate the outcome of international conflicts. Nor can private groups and individuals rely on national governments to solve major world problems. Therefore, both governments and individuals will continue to turn to international organizations as an important way to address these problems and to protect their own interests. ” (1)
Cross References of International Organizations in International Law
- Human Rights Council, information on International Human Rights in this legal Encyclopedia.
- Immunities of international organizations, information on Privileges and Immunities in this legal Encyclopedia.
- Outer space, information on Nationality, Citizenship and Immigration in this legal Encyclopedia.
- Mid-east peace process, information on Nationality, Citizenship and Immigration in this legal Encyclopedia.
International organizations
Contents of International organizations
Contents of this subject matter include:
- Basic Concepts of the law of International organizations
- The Legal Status and Powers of International organizations
- Participation in International organizations
- Internal Operation of International organizations
- Rule-Making by International organizations
- Dispute Settlement through International organizations
- Enforcement of Decisions by International organizations
- Peace and Security Activities
- The Responsibility and Accountability of International organizations
- Future development of International organizations
International Organizations in Constitutional Law
From the Comparative Constitutions Project: An international organization (also called intergovernmental organization) is an organization of international scope or character. There are two main types of international organizations: international intergovernmental organizations, whose members are sovereign states; and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), which are private organizations. Generally the term international organization is used to mean intergovernmental organizations only.
Other Organizations
In relation to the international law practice and other organizations in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section:
International Organizations
About this subject:
Gulf Cooperation Council
Note: there is detailed information and resources under these topics during the year 2013, covered by this entry on other organizations in this law Encyclopedia.
International Civil Aviation Organization—Taiwan
Note: there is detailed information and resources under these topics during the year 2013, covered by this entry on other organizations in this law Encyclopedia.
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
Note: there is detailed information and resources under these topics during the year 2013, covered by this entry on other organizations in this law Encyclopedia.
Organization of American States
Note: there is detailed information and resources under these topics during the year 2013, covered by this entry on other organizations in this law Encyclopedia.
Puerto Rico’s Participation in International Organizations
Note: there is detailed information and resources under these topics during the year 2013, covered by this entry on other organizations in this law Encyclopedia.
List of International Organizations included that are intergovernmental organizations:
- African Development Bank
- African Union (AU)
- Andean Community
- Arctic Council
- Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme
- Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
- Asian and Pacific Coconut Community
- Asian Development Bank
- Asian Productivity Organization
- Asociacion Latinoamericana de Integration
- Association of Southeast Asian Nations
- Helsinki Commission – Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission
- Bank for International Settlements
- CAB International
- Caribbean Community and Common Market
- Caribbean Export Development Agency
- Central American Bank for Economic Integration
- Central Bank of West African States (BCEAO)
- Centre on Integrated Rural Development for Asia and the Pacific
- Chemical Weapons Convention. See OPCW
- North American Commission for Environmental Cooperation
- Commission for Labor Cooperation
- Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR)
- Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa
- The Commonwealth
- Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)
- Community of Portuguese Speaking Nations (CPLP)
- Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO)
- Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research
- Consultative Group to Assist the Poorest
- Convention on Biological Diversity
- Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora Secretariat
- Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW)
- Council of the Baltic States
- Council of Europe ?Directorate General I – Legal Affairs – Treaty Office
- European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
- European Court of Human Rights ?HUDOC (Database of the case-law of the supervisory organs of the European Convention on Human Rights )
- European Free Trade Association
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)
- European Central Bank (ECB)
- European Patent Office
- EUTELSAT [European Telecommunications Satellite Organization]
- Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
- Organisation Internationale de La Francophonie
- Forum Fisheries Agency (of the South Pacific Forum) (FFA)
- Free Trade Area of the Americas
- G8 (Group of 8) Information Centre
- G20 (Group of 20)
- G77 (Group of 77)
- General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean (GFCM)
- Global Environment Facility Secretariat
- Gulf Cooperation Council
- Helsinki Commission: see Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission
- International Pacific Halibut Commission (IPHC)
- Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC)
- Inter-American Development Bank (IADB) ?Statistics and Quantitative Analysis Unit
- Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission (IATTC)
- Inter-Governmental Consultations on Asylum, Refugee and Migration Policies in Europe, North America and Australia
- Inter-governmental Authority on Development
- International Atomic Energy Agency
- International Baltic Sea Fishery Commission (IBSFC) (ceased)
- International Bureau of Education
- International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM)
- International Civil Aviation Organization
- International Coffee Organization
- International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT)
- International Copper Study Group (ICSG)
- International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
- International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL)
- International Development Association
- International Finance Corporation ?Publications
- International Fund for Agricultural Development
- International Hydrographic Organization
- International Institute for the Unification of Private Law (UNIDROIT)
- International Labour Organization (ILO)
- International Maritime Organisation
- International Monetary Fund (IMF) ?IMF Finances – Financial Data
- International Organization for Migration (IOM)
- International Rubber Study Group ?Rubber Statistics
- International Seabed Authority
- International Telecommunication Union
- International Trade Centre
- International Whaling Commission ?Publications
- Inter-Parliamentary Union ?PARLINE Database [parliamentary, electoral system, and election results database]
- INTERPOL See International Criminal Police Organization
- Islamic Development Bank Group
- Latin Union
- League of Arab States
- Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency
- Nordic Council and Council of Ministers
- North American Agreement on Labor Cooperation. See Commission for Labor Cooperation
- North American Development Bank
- North American Free Trade Agreement Secretariat (NAFTA)
- Non-Aligned Movement (NAM)
- North Atlantic Salmon Conservation Organization (NASCO)
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) ?Online Library
- North-East Atlantic Fisheries Commission (NEAFC)
- North Pacific Anadromous Fish Commission (NPAFC)
- North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES)
- The Northern Forum
- Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization NAFO
- Nuclear Energy Agency
- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
- Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (The Chemical Weapons Convention Website)
- Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)
- Organization of American States (OAS)
- Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC)
- Organization of the Islamic Conference
- Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
- OSPAR Commission for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic
- Paris Club
- Parlamento Amazónico
- Pacific Islands Forum
- Pacific Salmon Commission
- Pan-American Health Organization (PAHO)
- Permanent Commission for the South Pacific (CPPS)
- Secretariat of the Pacific Community
- South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation
- South Centre (An Intergovernmental Organization of Developing Countries)
- South Pacific Applied Geoscience Commission
- Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organization
- UNIDROIT See International Institute for the Unification of Private Law
- Universal Postal Union
- Western European Union
- The World Bank Group ?Data and Maps
- World Conservation Union (IUCN)
- World Customs Organization
- World Food Programme
- World Health Organization (WHO)
- World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)
- World Meteorological Organization
- World Trade Organization (WTO) ?Download material
- World Tourism Organization (WTO)
Other classification of international organizations:
Global institutions
This includes:
- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
- OECD members list
- United Nations
International financial institutions
This includes:
- Bank for International Settlements (BIS)
- European Central Bank (ECB)
- European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD)
- Institute of International Finance
- Inter-American Development Bank (IADB)
- International Monetary Fund (IMF)
- IMF Dissemination Standards Bulletin Board
- World Bank
Commodity cartels
This includes:
- Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
- International Primary Aluminium Institute (IPAI)
World trade
This includes:
- International Standardisation Organisation (ISO)
- International Trade Centre
- United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)
- World Customs Organisation (WCO)
- World Trade Organisation (WTO)
- WTO members list – WTO observers list
Sustainable economic development
This includes:
- Sustainable development in general
- Global Futures Foundation
- Group of 77
- International Development Research Centre
- International Institute for Environment and Development
- International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD)
- Natural Capitalism
- Resources for the Future
- United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
Food security
This includes:
- Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO)
- The Hunger Site
- Institute for Agriculture and Food Policy
- Hungerweb
- World Food Programme
- World Hunger Year
Human rights
This includes:
- International Human rights
- Amnesty International
- Anti-Slavery
- Ethical Trade Initiative (ETI)
- European Court of Human Rights
- International Labour Organisation (ILO)
- US government reports on Human Rights
- International Court of Justice
- Minority Rights Group
- UN High Commissioner for Human RightsUniversal Declaration of Human Rights in several languages
The environment
This includes:
- International environment law
- Environmental Treaties and Resource Indicators
- Friends of the Earth International
- Global Environment Facility
- The Rainforest Site
- Trade and Environment Database
- United Nations Environment Programme
- World Meterological Organisation (WMO)
- World Wildlife Fund (WWF)
Regional organisations
This includes:
- Asia Pacific Economic Co-operation (APEC)
- Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
- European Union (EU)
- North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
- Organization of American States (OAS)
- Organization of African Unity/African Economic Community (OAU/AEC)
International Organizations
In relation to the international law practice and international organizations in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section:
Privileges and Immunities
Note: there is detailed information and resources under these topics during the year 2013, covered by this entry on international organizations in this law Encyclopedia.
The Legal Relationship of International Organizations
This section provides an overview of the legal relationship of international organizations within the legal context of Architecture in international economic law..
International Organizations
In relation to the international law practice and International Organizations, please see the information on this world legal Encyclopedia.
Resources
See Also
- International Organizations
Resources
See Also
- International Organization
- Foreign Relations
- Organization
Resources
Further Reading
- Marina Foltea, “The Legal Relationship of International Organizations,” Elgar Encyclopedia of International Economic Law, Cheltenham Glos (United Kingdom), Northampton, MA (United States)
Resources
Notes and References
- Information about International Organizations in the Encarta Online Encyclopedia
Reference works
- Klabbers, Research handbook on the law of international organisations, 2011
- Klabbers, An Introduction to International Institutional Law, 2009
- Schermers & Blokker, International institutional law : unity within diversity, 2003
Bibliographies
- DIMITROV, Th. D., Documents of International Organisations : a Bibliographic Handbook covering the United Nations and other Intergovernmental Organisations, Unifo, 1975
- HAAS, M., International Organization : an Interdisciplinary Bibliography, Hoover Institution Press, 1971
- Code des organisations internationales
- International Organization
- International Organizations Law Review
- Yearbook of International Organizations
- BOWETT, D.W., Bowett’s Law of International institutions , 6th ed., London : Sweet & Maxwell, 2009
- KLABBERS, J., An Introduction to International Institutional Law, 2nd ed., Cambridge etc. : Cambridge University Press, 2009
- KLABBERS, J.A.M. and àÂ…. WALLENDAHL, Research Handbook on the Law of International Organisations, Cheltenham etc. : Edward Elgar, 2011
- PASTOR RIDRUEJO, J.A., Curso de derecho internacional público y organizaciones internacionales, Madrid : Tecnos, 2009
- REINALDA, B., Routledge History of International Organizations : from 1815 to the Present Day, London etc. : Routledge, 2009
- RUFFERT, M. and Ch. WALTER, Institutionalisiertes Vülkerrecht : das Recht der Internationalen Organisationen und seine wichtigsten Anwendungsfelder : ein Studienbuch, München : Beck, 2009
- SCHECHTER, M.G., Historical Dictionary of International Organizations, Lanham etc. : The Scarecrow Press Inc., 2010
- SCHERMERS, H. and N. BLOKKER, International Institutional Law : Unity within Diversity, Boston : N?hoff, 2003
- ALVAREZ, J., International Organizations : Then and Now, in: Globalization and International Organizations, Burlington, VT : Ashgate, 2011, pp. 3-26
- BLOKKER, N., International Organisations as Independent Actors : Sweet Memory or Functionally Necessary?, in: Accountability for Human Rights Violations by International Organisations, Antwerp etc. : Intersentia, 2010, pp. 37-50
- HAFNER, G., Is the Topic of Responsibility of International Organizations Ripe for Codification ? : Some Critical Remarks, in: From Bilateralism to Community Interest : Essays in Honour of Judge Bruno Simma, Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2011, pp. 695-717
- KEOHANE. R., The Promise of Institutionalist Theory, in: Theories of International Relations, Farnham etc. : Ashgate, 2008, pp. 425-437
- MEARSHEIMER, J., The False Promise of International institutions , in: International Organization, Farnham etc. : Ashgate, 2009, pp.237-281
- TOMUSCHAT, C., International Organizations as Third Parties under the Law of International Treaties , in: The Law of Treaties beyond the Vienna Convention, Oxford etc. : Oxford University Press, 2011, pp. 206-224
Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law , International Organizations or Institutions, General Aspects, by Kirsten Schmalenbach - HAJNAL, P.I. (ed.), International Information : Documents, Publications, and Electronic Information of International Governmental Organizations, 2nd ed., Englewood, CO : Libraries Unlimited, 1997-2001, 2 vols.
- KAPTEYN, P.J.G. (ed.), International Organization and Integration : Annotated Basic Documents and Descriptive Directory of International Organizations and Arrangements, 2nd ed., The Hague etc. : Nijhoff, 1981-1997, 5 vols.
- RIBEIRO, de ALMEIDA, M., Textos de direito internacional público : organizações internacionais, 2a ed., Lisboa : Universidade de Técnica de Lisboa, Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Polàticas, 2003
- SOHN, L.B. (ed.), International Organization and Integration : Annotated Basic Documents of International Organizations and Arrangements, Dordrecht etc. : Nijhoff, 1986
Periodicals and Serial Publications
Books
Articles
Documents
See Also
Mentioned in these Entries
1994 Draft Declaration of Principles on Human Rights and the Environment, Agreement Relating to the “INTELSAT”, Agreement for Controlling the Desert Locust in the Eastern Region of its Distribution Area in South-West Asia 2, Agreement for Controlling the Desert Locust in the Eastern Region of its Distribution Area in South-West Asia, Agreement for Controlling the Desert Locust in the Near East 2, Agreement for Controlling the Desert Locust in the Near East, Agreement on the Conservation of Cetaceans of the Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea and Contiguous Atlantic Area, Arbitration: Grounds for refusal to be raised by the court ex officio (Article V(2)), Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movement of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal 4, Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movement of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal 5, Charter of the Organization of American States 4, Charter of the Organization of American States 7, Charter of the United Nations 5, Code of Ethics on the International Trade in Chemicals 2, Code of Ethics on the International Trade in Chemicals 3, Code of Ethics on the International Trade in Chemicals, Codification, Conference on Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks 4, Conference on Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks 8, Conference on Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks 9, Constitutional Text: Argentina 1994, Constitutional Text: Brazil Constitution of 1988, Convention for the Conservation of Salmon in the North Atlantic Area, Convention for the Establishment of the Lake Victoria Fisheries Organization 2, Convention for the Establishment of the Lake Victoria Fisheries Organization 5, Convention for the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea, Convention for the Prevention of Marine Pollution from Land-Based Sources 2, Convention for the Prevention of Marine Pollution from Land-Based Sources 3, Convention for the Prevention of Marine Pollution from Land-Based Sources, Convention for the Protection of the Mediterranean Sea Against Pollution 2, Convention for the Protection of the Mediterranean Sea Against Pollution, Convention for the Protection, Management and Development of the Marine and Coastal Environment of the Eastern African Region 2, Convention for the Protection, Management and Development of the Marine and Coastal Environment of the Eastern African Region, Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency 2, Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency, Convention on Biological Diversity, Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident, Convention on Future Multilateral Cooperation in the North-East Atlantic Fisheries, Convention on Future Multilateral Cooperation in the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries, Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution, Convention on Protection of the Alps (Alpine Convention), Convention on the (INMARSAT) 5, Convention on the Conservation of the Living Resources of the South East Atlantic 2, Convention on the Conservation of the Living Resources of the South East Atlantic, Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, Convention on the Prohibition of Military or any Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques, Convention on the Protection of the Black Sea Against Pollution, Convention on the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Baltic Sea Area 3, Convention on the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Baltic Sea Area 4, Convention on the Transboundary Effects of Industrial Accidents 3, Conventions: Chronological Index 1971-1990, Development International Law -9, Development and Transfer of Marine Technology, Diplomacy, Education, Efficacy of international law. Bibliograpy, Encyclopedia of Public International Law update in August, Encyclopedia of Public International Law update, Encyclopedia of Public International Law, Environment and international law. Bibliography, European Convention on Human Rights, European Energy Charter 2, European Energy Charter 4, European Union law Part 21, European Union law Part 5, European Union law4, Exclusive Economic Zone 2, Exclusive Economic Zone 3, Exclusive Economic Zone 4, Flatow v. The Islamic Republic of Iran, General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 10, High Seas 3, Human Rights resources, Institutions in International Law, Inter-American Convention Against Terrorism, Inter-American Convention Against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms 2, Inter-American Convention Against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms 3, Inter-American Convention to Facilitate Disaster Assistance, International Convention for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas, International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response and Co-Operation, 1990 2, International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of all Migrant, International Court of Justice Part 20, International Court of Justice Part 22, International Court of Justice Part 7, International Court of Justice, International Criminal Court Part 2, International Criminal Court Part 27, International Criminal Court Part 29, International Criminal Court3, International Criminal Court5, International Criminal Court8, International Criminal Law Links, International Criminal Law. Bibliography, International Law Encyclopedia 4, International Law Encyclopedia 5, International Law Encyclopedia 6, International Law Encyclopedia, International Law General resources, International Security Part 21, International Security Part 7, International Security Part 9, International Security5, International Trade Law Resources, International Trade and Commercial Relations resources, International commercial arbitration, International economic law sources, International institutions Part 2, International institutions Part 3, International institutions Part 4, International institutions Part 5, International institutions Part 7, International institutions Part 8, International institutions, International institutions3, International institutions4, International institutions6, International judicial institutions, International law databases resources, International law index A, International law index C, International law index E, International law index H, International law index I, International law index, International law sources, International organizations articles of conventions, International trade law Part 20, Kyoto Protocol to the Convention on Climate Change 4, Law Journals ranking worldwide, Law Journals, Laws of war Part 7, List of International Business Law Selected Cases, by Subject, List of International Law Online Journals, List of International Organizations, List of International periodicals, List of Labor and Employment Law Online Journals, List of international law publications in english, List of international public law topics, London Guidelines for the Exchange of Information on Chemicals in International Trade, MPEPIL: Diplomacy and consular relations, MPEPIL: History of international law, MPEPIL: Human rights, MPEPIL: Immunities, MPEPIL: Individuals and non-state actors, MPEPIL: International co-operation, MPEPIL: International courts and tribunals, MPEPIL: International organizations: general aspects, MPEPIL: International responsibility, MPEPIL: Law of treaties, MPEPIL: Overview articles, MPEPIL: Procedural law in international organizations, MPEPIL: Public Law: A, MPEPIL: Public Law: C, MPEPIL: Public Law: E, MPEPIL: Public Law: H, MPEPIL: Public Law: I, MPEPIL: Public Law: V, MPEPIL: Regional organizations, institutions and developments, MPEPIL: Relationship between international and domestic law, MPEPIL: Settlement of disputes, MPEPIL: Sources, foundations and principles of international law, MPEPIL: Specific treaties and instruments, MPEPIL: Subjects of international law, MPEPIL: Universal international organizations and institutions, Marine Scientific Research 2, Marine Scientific Research 3, Marine Scientific Research, Marine and Coastal conventions, Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law, Moralization of international politic and law, New actors in international law. Bibliography, Outline of Sources of public international law, Outline to Global Business Law, Protection & Preservation of the Marine Environment 2, Protection & Preservation of the Marine Environment 3, Protection & Preservation of the Marine Environment 4, Protection & Preservation of the Marine Environment 5, Protection & Preservation of the Marine Environment, Protocol to the Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter 2, Protocol to the Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter 3, Protocol to the Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter, Public International Law Classification (Max Planck Institute), Refugees Part 2, Regional Convention for the Conservation of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden Environment 2, Settlement of Disputes 3, Statute of the International Court of Justice 4, Statute of the International Court of Justice 6, Statute of the International Court of Justice, Top Specialized US Law Journals, Trade law Part 6, Trade law Part 60, Treaties, Treaties. Bibliography and links, Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, UN: International cooperation and the ESC, United Nations Conference on the Human Environment 2, United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 11, United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 15, United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 17, United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 18, United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 19, United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 20, United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 21, United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 24, United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 25, United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 26, United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 27, United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 29, United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 30, United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 31, United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 34, United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 35, United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 36, United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 4, United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 6, United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification 5, Universal Copyright Convention as revised at Paris 5.