Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. Trade and Commercial Relations conventions Contents Trade and Commercial Relations international conventions Trade and Commercial Relations multilateral conventions General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (1947) ... Read more...
2. UNIDROIT Conventions UNIDROIT International Agreements and Conventions UNIDROIT Main Treaties and Conventions This includes: UNIDROIT Convention on Substantive Rules for Intermediated Securities ... Read more...
3. Intermediate Consignee A person named in a bill of lading or other shipping paper as authorized to receive cargo for the purpose of effecting delivery to the ultimate consignee.......
4. Intermediate Products Goods that constitute inputs to the manufacture of other goods; for example, flour is an intermediate product in the manufacture of bread. The oven in which the bread was baked is not an intermediate product, however; instead, it is a capital good. Capital goods, such as buildings and equipment, us......
5. International organizations articles of conventions Contents International Organizations articles of conventions Agreement Establishing the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development 29.5.1990 Convention Establishing the Multilateral ... Read more...
6. Vienna Convention Treaty: The Vienna Convention Introduction to Vienna Convention Rules of international law governing the conclusion, validity, effects, interpretation, modification, suspension, and termination of treaties were codified in the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, adopted in 1969......
7. United Nations Commission on International Trade Law United Nations Commission On International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) United Nations Commission on International Trade Law Outline The United Nations Commission on International Trade Law was set up in 1966 by the General Assembly of the United Nations to deal with conflicts of national laws [...]...
8. International Contracts International Contracts in International Trade Meaning of International Contracts, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): International contracts refers to a legally binding agreement between parties, based in different countries, in which they are obligated to [...]...
9. Export Value Summary of Export Value The price at which a foreign manufacturer customarily freely offers for sale a given product for export to the United States in the usual wholesale quantities, less export discounts, packing, and costs of preparing the goods for export. The use of this value [...]...
10. Outline of Legal framework for international business transactions Contents Outline of Legal framework for international business transactions a. International Conflicts of law i. Private International Law : The ... Read more...
11. United Nations Convention Relating to the Status of Refugee Contents United Nations Convention Relating to the Status of Refugee (1951) See also Refugee & Asylum Law , Convention Against ... Read more...
12. International trade law Part 10 Contents International trade law Part 10   118 United Nations Commission on International trade law (UNCITRAL) / Commission des Nations ... Read more...
13. International making law in descentralized systems Contents International making law in descentralized systems Statute of the International Court of Justice Vienna Convention on the Law of ... Read more...
14. Counterpurchase A form of countertrade (read this and related legal terms for further details) in which two parties agree to purchase specified quantities of merchandise from each other at a fixed price. The effect is that each party si......
15. International Business Transactions International Business Transactions and the Law Contents of International Business Transactions and the Law Contents of this subject matter include: Introduction The International Element in Contracts Incoterms The International Sale of Goods Under the Vienna Convention International Carriage [...]...
16. Asylum Law Contents Refugee & Asylum Law See also Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment , ... Read more...
17. Sale At Less Than Fair Value The sale of merchandise to a foreign purchaser at a price below the price that would be charged for a like sale in the home market. Such sales may serve as the basis for an allegation of Dumping (read this and related legal ......
18. Comparative Contract Law Contents Comparative Contract Law This entry provides an overview of comparative contract law. It shows several differences between the civil ... Read more...
19. List of international public law topics Contents List of international public law topics This is a comprehensive list of entries dealing with public international law, including ... Read more...
20. Sales of Services Sales of Goods and Services......
21. International Commercial Law Scope Legal Issues'International commercial law' appears to be wider because of the unsettled meanings of 'commercial law', which is more or less a mysterious term capable of covering anything relating to commerce. For example, the United Nations Commission on International Trade ......
22. International Law of Trade International Law of TradeFurther ReadingA concise encyclopedia of the United Nations (including International Law of Trade, H Volger, KA Annan -2010) The Oxford Handbook on the United Nations (TG Weiss - 2007) International Law: A Dictionary (including International Law of Trade, Boczek, [...]...
23. Import Substitution Summary of Import Substitution The act of eliminating imports of a given product by commencing production locally, often accompanied by controls such as increased duties, quotas, or outright bans to discourage or prevent continued foreign imports. This approach is fairly common on the part [...]...
24. Trade Barrier Summary of Trade Barrier Constraints upon the exchange of goods among nations imposed by governments; such constraints are manifested in the form of tariffs, quotas, exchange controls, and a variety of so-called nontariff barriers. Barriers usually arise to protect domestic industries, [...]...
25. Trade and Electronic Commerce Trade and Electronic Commerce and the World Trade Organization Trade and Electronic Commerce in relation to the World Trade Organization (WTO) covers several issues....
26. Customs Conventions Contents Customs Conventions Convention on Temporary Admission 26.6.1990 International Convention on the Harmonisation of Frontier Controls of Goods 21.10.1982 Customs ... Read more...
27. Trade law Part 35 Contents Trade law Part 35   370 USA Ct. App. 7th Cir. 9 Nov. 2006 – Distribution of software under ... Read more...
28. Brussels Definition Of Value A system for the valuation of imports for the application of ad valorem duties, adopted in 1953 following attempts to establish a European customs union. The European Customs Union Study Group submitted to the contracting states the Convention on the Valuation of Goods for Customs Purposes, along w......
29. United Nations Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees Contents United Nations Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees See also Refugee & Asylum Law , Convention Against Torture ... Read more...
30. Nairobi Treaty On The Protection Of The Olympic Symbol An international agreement to protect the Olympic symbol against commercial use without the approval of the International Olympic Committee (IOC). The treaty specifies that adhering states will prohibit use of the Olympic symbol on goods or advertising or as a trademark except under license from th......
31. After-sale Service Definition of After-sale Service in International Trade The following is a concept of After-sale Service in the context of international trade law, from the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A collective term for attention to a transaction that normally takes place after [...]...
32. Stock in Trade Stock In Trade What is “stock-in-trade”? Stock in trade is the inventory of goods, and merchandise, held by a business ... Read more...
33. International Trade and Commercial Relations resources Contents International Trade and Commercial Relations resources International Trade and Commercial Relations web resources...
34. Investment Treaty Cases: U.S.as respondent State Contents Investment Treaty Cases: United States as respondent State See: Bilateral Investment Treaties by countries Investment treaty law and arbitration ... Read more...
35. Spot Market A market for commodities or currency in which the sale results in an immediate or nearly immediate exchange of the goods or instruments for cash, as compared with a futures market, which trades in contracts for the future delivery of the product.......
36. International Copyright Introduction to International CopyrightAlmost every nation has some form of copyright protection for authors and artists. Several important international treaties also deal with copyright law among nations. The first and perhaps the most important international treaty concerning copyright l......
37. General Conditions of International Sale General Conditions of International Sale in International Trade Meaning of General Conditions of International Sale, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): It is a document that details the general conditions that a seller (exporter) offers to a buyer [...]...
38. Termination of Contracts Termination of Contracts in International Trade Meaning of Termination of Contracts, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Termination clauses in international contracts, specially agency and distribution contracts, usually involve rights under local [...]...
39. International law tags Related Tags about International law ”New York Convention 1958” – ”pacta sunt servanda” – Andes Mountains – Bolivia – Burundi ... Read more...
40. Certificate of Free Sale A document issued by an agency of government, usually the health authority, certifying that a given product is in compliance with all local regulations and may be offered freely for sale within the country of origin. Normally, such certificates are issued to cover food products which are being [...]...
41. International law topics Contents International law topics The following are some of the topics employed in the section of international law at Lawi: ... Read more...
42. Trust Receipt An instrument in which a borrower pledges certain specific goods as collateral for a loan. The trust receipt certifies that the named goods are held in trust for the creditor or are segregated in the borrower's premises on behalf of the lender. Proceeds from the sale of the pledged goods [...]...
43. International Road Transportation Convention International Road Transportation Convention in International Trade Meaning of International Road Transportation Convention, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The Convention on the Contract for the International Carriage by Road was adopted in Geneva in [...]...
44. Sale by weight, count or measure Contents Sale by weight, count or measure, Lump sale There may also be sales by weight, count, or measure, where ... Read more...
45. Accepted for Value Contents Accepted for Value Acceptance for Value In commercial law, acceptance for value is relating to contracts. See in this ... Read more...
46. Ab Kai In German, a term of sale signifying that the goods are sold free at the pier.......
47. International Organisations And Treatie Legal IssuesInternational organisations and treaties or conventions are inseparable. An international organisation is always based on an international treaty or convention. On the other hand, an international treaty or convention often, though not always, needs a mechanism (organisation) to......
48. International Conventions and Protocols International Conventions And Protocols in 2016 A matrix of the ratification status of 18 of the international conventions and protocols related to terrorism can be found here: https://www.unodc.org/tldb/universal_instruments_NEW.html...
49. International Trade Center International Trade Center (ITC) This section provides an overview of international trade center (itc) within the legal context of Development Institutions in international economic law, with coverage of Architecture. Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations [...]...
50. International Aviation law Contents International Aviation law See also: International Aviation Law, Convention for the Unification of International Transportation by Air, Treaty, Legislation: ... Read more...
51. Transport Conventions Contents Transport Conventions Main Conventions: Protocol to the Convention on the Contract for the International Carriage of Goods by Road ... Read more...
52. International law index U Contents International law index U   Ultimatum Underwater Cultural Heritage Unfriendly Act UNIDROIT Unification and Harmonization of Laws Uniform Sales ... Read more...
53. International Organizations Cross References International Organizations Cross-References International Organizations are Institutions which have membership from several states, and they are usually international in scope. ... Read more...
54. Common Market Summary of Common Market A supranational organization of trading nations, created to promote economic collaboration and minimize constraints on the free movement of goods among the member states. Features of a common market include elimination of tariffs on goods moving between member [...]...
55. Exempted Company A company exempted from income taxes of the jurisdiction in which it is organized in return for a stipulation by the company that it will not trade in that country.......
56. Graduation Summary of Graduation The act of recognition by the world community that formerly less developed Countries (read this and related legal terms for further details) have undergone sufficient economic development to be regarded as "developed"or industrialized nations. The recognition [...]...
57. Trademark History Introduction to Trademark HistoryThroughout history, makers of goods have put their names or other marks on things they produce. Items such as medieval swords and ancient Chinese pottery were marked with identifiable symbols so buyers could trace their origin and determine their quality. Be......
58. Investment Regulation Impact of Domestic Regulation on Trade in Goods, Services and on Investment in International Economic Law In international economic law, impact of domestic regulation on trade in goods, services and on investment includes the following legal areas, with coverage in this world legal [...]...
59. Crime: International Conventions Contents Crime: International Conventions Convention on the Marking of Plastic Explosives for the Purpose of Detection 1.3.1991 International Convention against ... Read more...
60. Assist Inputs to production, including tools, dies, blueprints, designs, or development engineering provided by an American importer to a foreign manufacturer for use in producing merchandise for export to the United States. Such inputs must be declared to U.S. Customs on the first importation of the [...]...
61. Economic Integration Summary of Economic Integration The process of unifying two or more national economies through conscious coordination of trade, fiscal, and monetary activities. Economic integration is normally preceded by the reduction or abolition of tariffs, quotas, and similar constraints upon trade [...]...
62. No Arrival, No Sale A contractual arrangement between a buyer and seller under which the buyer assumes no interest in the goods and no risk of loss or damage until actual delivery has been accomplished.......
63. Export Diversification Summary of Export Diversification The movement of a nation away from the export of a single or limited number of products as the principal source of foreign exchange earnings. Export diversification programs are usually the priority objectives of small or underdeveloped nations, [...]...
64. Trading Company A firm engaged in the purchase, distribution, and marketing of products in international trade. Generally, the trading company deals with products of unrelated firms as well as the manufacturers of joint ventures in which it is involved.......
65. Bonded Goods Goods stored in a bonded warehouse prior to release from customs jurisdiction.......
66. Complementary Goods Products so related that a change in the demand for one similarly affects demand for the other; e.g., increased consumption of automobiles will normally increase consumption for gasoline, all things being equal.......
67. Fungible Goods Goods of a given type or class, any unit of which is interchangeable with any other unit and would be equally acceptable in settling obligations denominated in terms of the commodity. For example, corn is fungible in that one bushel of corn of a given grade is interchangeable on an equal footing wit......
68. Nondurable Goods Products, usually consumer items, that have a short useful life. In the United States the criterion is a life of three years or less. Such items are usually purchased as needed.......
69. Collective Goods Introduction to International Political Economy The Problem of Collective GoodsScholars who study how nations achieve cooperation despite the lack of a centralized world government to enforce rules pay special attention to the collective goods problem. A collective good is any benefit enjo......
70. Intermingled Goods In the United States For information about Intermingled goods in the context of international trade, click here...
71. International Sale of Goods Bibliography International Sale of Goods Bibliography ABDULLAH, Abdullah Abdulkarim 2012. The Scope of the Application of the United Nations Convention on ... Read more...
72. American Goods Returned A provision, contained in Item 800.00, of the Tariff Schedules of the United States that permits duty-free return of merchandise of American manufacture. In order to qualify for duty-free return, the goods must not have been manipulated or advanced in value, except for the packaging of the product.......
73. Balance On Goods And Services A component of a nation's BALANCE OF PAYMENTS (read this legal term for further details)......
74. Transaction Value Of Similar Goods Sold An alternative method of valuing goods for customs purposes under the Customs Valuation Agreement (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
75. International Sale of Goods CISG in International Trade Meaning of Cisg, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The United Nations Convention on Contract for the International Sale of Goods. known as Vienna Convention, is a 1980 international treaty signed by most leading trading nations [...]...
76. Madrid Agreement For The Repression Of False Or Deceptive Indications Of Source On Goods An international agreement, commonly known as the Madrid Union, concluded for the purpose of suppressing false or misleading origin markings on goods sold in international commerce. Adhering states are obligated to seize and deny importation to merchandise bearing false markings indicating origin in......
77. Carriage Of Goods By Sea Act Carriage Of Goods By Sea Act Summary of Carriage Of Goods By Sea Act Known commonly by the acronym COGSA, the principal U.S. statute governing carrier liabilities and immunities for loss and damage arising during the transport of goods by water in the foreign commerce of the United States. [...]...
78. Substitute Goods Products related in such a way that an increased demand for one will be reflected by a decreased demand for the other.......
79. Entry of Goods Entry of Goods and the Laws of International Trade Entry of goods: Overview Customs Trade Law The entry process Evidence of right to make entry Entry for consumption Entry documents Surety Entry summary documentation Electronic entry: Automated Commercial [...]...
80. Carriage of Goods by Sea Comparative Overview International Overview The Hague Rules, 1924 Bills of Lading Convention, Brussels, 25 August 1924), entered into force 2 June 1931. The Visby Rules, (1968 Protocol to Amend the Bills of Lading Convention, Brussels, 23 February 1968), entered into force 23 June 1977, [...]...
81. Goods In Free Circulation Merchandise not subject to customs restrictions. These goods would include locally produced (i.e., not imported) merchandise and goods that have been cleared by customs and upon which all duties and taxes have been paid.......
82. Environmental Goods Agreement Contents Environmental Goods Agreement (EGA) Negotiations on the Environmental Goods Agreement (EGA) began on July 8, 2014, among the United ... Read more...
83. Outline of International trading of goods agreements Contents Outline of International trading of goods agreements Introduction I. Factors to Consider-how are international commercial transactions different from domestic ... Read more...
84. Free Ships/free Goods A position asserted by certain authorities in international law that all cargo carried aboard a neutral vessel is exempt from seizure by belligerents in time of war. This view conflicts with a more widely held attitude that belligerents have a legal right to interdict munitions and supplies with war......
85. Goods Flow of Goods and Services In this global economy, the flow of goods and services across borders, otherwise known as trade, is a critical factor to the health and growth of a country’s economy. Yet many developing countries struggle with legal, institutional, and operational constraints that [...]...
86. Law and Public Goods Contents Law and Public Goods “To the extent that law embodies the contractual origins discussed above, or that law may ... Read more...
87. Carriage of Goods Definition of Carriage of Goods By AirIn accordance with the work A Dictionary of Law, this is a description of Carriage of Goods By Air : The act of carrying goods by air, which is normally under a contract between the consignor and a *carrier. International carriage has been the subject of [...]...
88. Unentered Goods In the United States For information about Unentered goods in the context of international trade, click here...
89. Dangerous Goods Dangerous Goods in International Trade Meaning of Dangerous Goods, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Articles or substances which are capable of posing a significant risk to health, safety, o property when transported by air and which are classified [...]...
90. Public Goods Global Public Good(s) (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Global Public Good(s) means: a global public good is a good that has the three following properties : 1. It is non-rivalrous. Consumption of this good by anyone does not reduce the quantity available to other agents; 2. It [...]...
91. Cession of Goods Cession of Goods Resources See Also Bankruptcy proceedings...
92. Confusion of Goods Resources See Also Commingle...
93. Hard Goods Resources See Also Durable goods...
94. Capital Goods Resources See Also Industrial Production Industrial Property Regulation...
95. Goods Transport Resources See Also International Trade Trade Regulation International Economic Law Export License International Trade Law Foreign Trade Safeguard Transport...
96. Gray Market Goods In the United States For information about Gray market goods in the context of international trade, click here...
97. Dangerous Goods Declaration Dangerous Goods Declaration in International Trade Meaning of Dangerous Goods Declaration, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Shippers of dangerous goods are required to declare them to carriers per the International Air Transport Association (IATA) and the [...]...
98. Free Movement of Goods Free Movement of Goods and Europe There is an entry on free movement of goods in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Free Movement of Goods" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by [...]...
99. Different Functions in Goods and Services This section provides an overview of different functions in goods and services within the legal context of National Treatment in international economic law, with coverage of Non-Discrimination in Trade of Goods and Services (Principles). Resources Further Reading Nicolas F Diebold, [...]...
100. Non-Discrimination in Trade of Goods Non-Discrimination in Trade of Goods and Services This section provides an overview of non-discrimination in trade of goods and services within the legal context of Non-Discrimination in Trade of Goods and Services in international economic law (Principles)....
101. Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods Contents United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods   Article 95 Any State may declare at ... Read more...
102. Acceptable Identification of Goods and Services Manual Description of Acceptable Identification of Goods and Services Manual In this reference work, acceptable identification of goods and services manual is a sort of the Trademarks category. Resources See Also Trademarks Trademarks...
103. United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods Contents United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods Legal Materials The text of the CISG is ... Read more...
104. United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods 2 Contents United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods   Article 18 (1) A statement made by ... Read more...
105. United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods 3 Contents United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods   Article 32 (1) If the seller, in ... Read more...
106. United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods 4 Contents United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods   Article 43 (1) The buyer loses the ... Read more...
107. United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods 5 Contents United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods   Article 55 Where a contract has been ... Read more...
108. United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods 6 Contents United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods   Article 67 (1) If the contract of ... Read more...
109. United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods 7 Contents United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods   Article 77 A party who relies on ... Read more...
110. United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods 8 Contents United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods   Article 87 A party who is bound ... Read more...
111. Unidroit Convention on Agency in the International Sale of Goods Contents Unidroit Convention on Agency in the International Sale of Goods   CHAPTER I – SPHERE OF APPLICATION AND GENERAL ... Read more...
112. Unidroit Convention on Agency in the International Sale of Goods 2 Contents Unidroit Convention on Agency in the International Sale of Goods   Article 13 (1) Where the agent acts on ... Read more...
113. Unidroit Convention on Agency in the International Sale of Goods 3 Contents Unidroit Convention on Agency in the International Sale of Goods   CHAPTER V – FINAL PROVISIONS Article 21 The ... Read more...
114. Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods Contracting States Contents United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) Contracting States At the United Nations Diplomatic ... Read more...
115. Carriage of Goods by Road, Rail and Inland Waterways Carriage of Goods by Road, Rail and Inland Waterways in Private International Law This section contain conflict of laws information and cross references related to carriage of goods by road, rail and inland waterways on some major countries and additional jurisdictions. It covers key issues [...]...
116. Consumer Goods Resources See Also Consumer product...
117. Sale Contracts and Sale of Goods Sale Contracts and Sale of Goods in Private International Law This section contain conflict of laws information and cross references related to sale contracts and sale of goods on some major countries and additional jurisdictions. It covers key issues involved when citizens face international [...]...
118. In Regular Turn Synonymous with berth Clause (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
119. Income Explosion A dramatic increase in per capita income, especially where the income increases are well dispersed throughout the population. Such income increases will stimulate consumer demand, usually reflected in an increase of imports.......
120. Indent Agent A sales agent abroad who markets the products of a foreign supplier on a commission basis.......