Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. Green Rate A special rate of exchange used in converting agricultural prices fixed in units of account into national currencies, within the framework of the Common Agricultural Policy (read this and related legal terms for further deta......
2. Common Financing A feature of the Common Agricultural Policy (read this and related legal terms for further details) of the European Economic Community.......
3. Common Pricing A feature of the COMMON AGRICULTURAL policy (read this and related legal terms for further details) of the European Economic Community.......
4. Single Market Summary of Single Market A component feature of the Common Agricultural policy (read this and related legal terms for further details) of the European Economic Community.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Single Market and Europe There is an entry on single market in the European [...]...
5. Compensatory Tax A special import levy imposed by the European Economic Community upon certain agricultural imports when the entry price of such products falls below a reference, or minimum target, price and the import is priced so as to reflect an export subsidy. Compensatory taxes are institutionalized in the [...]...
6. Restitutions Export and producer subsidies granted by the European Economic Community to EEC farmers and processors. The subsidies are a feature of the Common Agricultural Policy (read this and related legal terms for further details......
7. Financial Solidarity A component principle of the Common Agricultural Policy (read this and related legal terms for further details) of the European Economic Community.......
8. Supplementary Levy An additional tax that may be imposed upon imports of pork, poultry, or eggs into the European Economic Community when the purchase price of such items falls below the Gate Price ("https://lawin.org/list-of-international-trade-law-terms/">read this and related legal terms for [...]...
9. Buyer's Premium A subsidy offered by a member state of the European Economic Community to domestic tobacco processors to encourage the use of EEC, rather than imported, tobaccos. The program, which is a feature of the common AGRICULTURAL POLICY (...
10. Variable Import Levy A duty applicable to imports of certain significant agricultural commodities into the European Economic Community. The Common Agricultural Policy (read this and related legal terms for further details). of the EEC specif......
11. Monetary Compensatory Amounts Settlements between member states of the European Economic Community to reflect the market rate of currencies used in agricultural transactions and the periodically revised Green Rate (read this and related legal terms for f......
12. Sale At Less Than Fair Value The sale of merchandise to a foreign purchaser at a price below the price that would be charged for a like sale in the home market. Such sales may serve as the basis for an allegation of Dumping (read this and related legal ......
13. Additional Product Aid A feature of the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Economic Community, which provides price supports to EEC producers affected by import competition. The "community preference" mechanism of the CAP eliminates external competition for most items but does not respond for certain pro......
14. Community Preference Summary of Community Preference A component principle of the Common Agricultural Policy (read this and related legal terms for further details) of the European Economic Community.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Community Preference and Europe There is an entry on community [...]...
15. International Reserves Gold, hard currencies, and special drawing rights (read this and related legal terms for further details) issued by the international monetary fund (...
16. Chicken War A protracted dispute between the United States and the European Economic Community arising from the adoption of Europe's COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY (read this and related legal terms for further details) on chicken i......
17. Dillon Round A series of multinational trade discussions conducted during 1960-1962 under the sponsorship of the general agreement of tariffs and Trade (read this and related legal terms for further details). The principal result of ......
18. Montant De Soutien A plan devised by the European Economic Community in 1963 as the basis of agricultural trade negotiations during the Kennedy round. The plan is predicated upon a reference price for a given agricultural commodity; any imports below the reference price would incur a levy equal to the spread between t......
19. Ocean Freight Differential A sum rep resenting the difference in freight costs associated with moving subsidized agricultural exports on American rather than cheaper foreign vessels. The differential is provided for shipments under the Agricultural Trade Development And Assistance Act (...
20. Ordinary Course Of Trade A concept routinely applied in customs valuation that holds that the dutiable value of goods is the price at which they would normally sell if customary channels of distribution were observed. For example, where it was industry practice for a product to be sold directly by a manufacturer to an end u......
21. Offshore Finance Company Synonymous with Foreign Base Finance Company (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
22. Cooley Loans Foreign-currency-denominated loans by the U.S. government to foreign nations to permit the purchase of American agricultural commodities. The loans are authorized by an amendment to the Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act (...
23. Collective Reserve Unit An artificial currency unit proposed in 1965 by Valéry Giscard d'Estaing of France. The cru, as it was known, was to have been linked to gold to create international reserves. The GROUP OF ten (read this and relat......
24. Fair Market Value The value an imported product would fetch, under similar circumstances of sale, were the goods sold in the country of origin. Customs authorities are usually interested in the fair market value of imported merchandise inasmuch as sales below such value may serve as the basis of a Dumping (...
25. Free Market The economic system of a nation in which market forces determine which goods and services are produced, and at what price they are offered. Free market economies do not contain substantial government controls on resource availability, price levels, or central planning of economic objectives.......
26. Notional Concept Of Valuation An approach to the application of ad valorem duties that holds that duties should be applied upon the price the goods "ought to fetch" under specified conditions; this view was widely held for many years and was embraced in the Brussels Definition Of Value (...
27. Sliding Scale Tariff A customs tariff in which rates of DUTY (read this and related legal terms for further details) vary according to the price of a given import. Usually, as the price of the item declines, the duty is reduced. Duties may b......
28. Tramp A vessel that offers nonscheduled service between such ports as afford cargoes of opportunity. Unlike a Liner (read this and related legal terms for further details), a tramp seeks to acquire a full load from one shipper......
29. Green Clause A provision in a letter OF CREDIT (read this and related legal terms for further details) similar to a RED CLAUSE (read this and related legal t......
30. East- West Trade A general reference to trade between the industrial nations of the West, particularly those nations that are members of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development ("https://lawin.org/list-of-international-trade-law-terms/">read this and related legal terms for [...]...
31. Positive Concept Of Valuation An approach to the application of ad valorem duties that holds that duties should be applied upon the actual value of the transaction, as defined by buyer and seller. This view has been substantially fulfilled by the recent adoption of the transaction value basis of valuation in the Customs Valuatio......
32. Trade Agreements Act Of 1979 An act of Congress implementing certain agreements negotiated under the Tokyo Round (read this and related legal terms for further details). The act replaced the Countervailing Duty Law and Antidumping Act of 1921 and ab......
33. Safeguard Measures Actions taken by a nation to protect its domestic industry and commerce from what it views as unfair or improper practices by a trading partner. For example, a trading partner's use of improper subsidies designed to artificially stimulate exports might result in such safeguard measures as the im......
34. Unilinear Tariff Synonymous with general TARIFF (read this and related legal terms for further details). Union D'Assureurs Des Credits Inter- Nationaux. The full, formal name of the Berne Union (...
35. Berth No Berth A stipulation that may be included in a vessel charter party (read this and related legal terms for further details) providing that if the point of loading or discharge is a berth, and if the berth is not immediately ava......
36. Economic Nationalism A conscious, articulated national drive toward economic self-sufficiency. Economic nationalism is comparable to Autarchy (read this and related legal terms for further details) but does not mandate the economic isolation......
37. Economic Union Summary of Economic Union Also known as an economic community, an advanced form of economic integration on the part of several states. The economic union incorporates the features of a Common market (read this and related legal terms for further details)—unrestricted free trade among [...]...
38. Findley Amendment An amendment to the AGRICULTURAL TRADE DEVELOPMENT AND ASSIST-ANCE ACT (read this and related legal terms for further details) of 1954 (P.L. 480) that precludes sales of agricultural produce under Title I of the act to a......
39. Snake A medium for the stabilization of the exchange rates of European currencies. In October 1970 the Werner Plan addressed the adoption of a common European currency as a vehicle for the full economic and political integration of Europe. The demise of the bretton woods agreement (...
40. Switching Also known as switch trading, a Countertrade (read this and related legal terms for further details) arrangement under which a purchaser in one country assigns to a seller in another country an obligation due from a thir......
41. Intermediate Goods Synonymous with Intermediate Products (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
42. Less Than Fair Value An export sale price below that charged on like sales in the country of origin. Such sales are usually regarded as dumping (read this and related legal terms for further details), which may result in the imposition by th......
43. Visby Amendment A proposed revision to the Hague Agreement (read this and related legal terms for further details) of 1924 on the liability of ocean carriers for loss and damage to cargo. The Visby Amendment does not contemplate materia......
44. Werner Report A report on the subject of European integration, prepared by a committee under the leadership of Pierre Werner, prime minister of Luxembourg. The report, published in October 1970, urged full economic and monetary union within the European Economic Community as "a catalyst for the development o......
45. Pivot Charge The minimum charge imposed by an air carrier for the use of a Unit Load Device (read this and related legal terms for further details), or air container. The charge is based upon a Pivot Weight (...
46. Trade Agreements Act Of 1962 An act that authorized the president, during the period of July 1, 1962, through June 30, 1967, to reduce or eliminate certain tariffs in return for similar concessions on the part of other trading nations. The act was largely in response to the elimination of internal duties by members of the Europ......
47. First Englargement The addition of Great Britain, Ireland, and Denmark in 1972 to the original six members (France, Federal Republic of Germany, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg) of the European Economic Community (read this and related......
48. Foreign Trade Antitrust Improvements Act A 1982 act of Congress, constituting Title IV of the export trading company act (read this and related legal terms for further details), which amends the Sherman Act and Federal Trade Commission Act to clarify their inap......
49. European Economic Community Summary of European Economic Community One of the three components of the European Communities. In March 1957, the members of the European Coal and Steel Community (France, Federal Republic of Germany, Italy, and the Benelux countries) expanded the sphere of economic cooperation through the [...]...
50. Floor In the case of a variable rate loan (read this and related legal terms for further details), a prearranged minimum rate of interest that will be imposed, irrespective of how low the money market index falls.......
51. Reciprocal Trade Agreements Program An act of Congress which authorized the president to reduce tariffs in exchange for like concessions by trading partners. The Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act of 1934, enacted as an amendment to the Smoot-Hawley Act (read thi......
52. Common Market Summary of Common Market A supranational organization of trading nations, created to promote economic collaboration and minimize constraints on the free movement of goods among the member states. Features of a common market include elimination of tariffs on goods moving between member [...]...
53. Quantitative Restriction A limitation on the quantity of a given commodity that may be imported into a country during a specified period of time. A quantitative restriction is manifested as a Quota ("https://lawin.org/list-of-international-trade-law-terms/">read this and related legal terms for further [...]...
54. Superimposed Clause A notation on the face of a Bill Of lading (read this and related legal terms for further details) that indicates a defect in the cargo or its mode of transport. Such notations include "received in damaged condition......
55. Berth A stipulation in a vessel charter party (read this and related legal terms for further details) that laytime ("https://lawin.org/list-of-international-trade-law-terms/">read this and related legal terms ......
56. Fecom The French acronym for the European Monetary Cooperation Fund. (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
57. Section 204 A provision of the Agricultural Act of 1956 authorizing the president to negotiate bilateral agreements to limit exports to the United States of "any agricultural commodity or product manufactured therefrom or textiles or textile products." The president is also empowered to take steps to ......
58. Franchise A provision in a marine cargo policy that partial losses will be adjusted if the loss exceeds a certain percentage of the total value of the shipment. A clause providing "with average if amounting to 3 percent," for example, would oblige the underwriter to settle a partial-loss claim [...]...
59. Gold Tranche Position A drawing of foreign exchange from the international monetary FUND (read this and related legal terms for further details), by a member nation up to or equal with that country's gold on deposit with the IMF. In effec......
60. Indicative World Plan A comprehensive investigation of world agricultural production and trade begun in 1946 by the Food and Agricultural Organization. The object of the investigation was to assess (then) current conditions in agriculture, identify future needs and opportunities, and recommend strategies. Significant obj......
61. Paper Gold A common reference to Special Drawing Rights (read this and related legal terms for further details) issued by the International Monetary Fund.......
62. Captive Insurance Company A subsidiary formed to insure the risks of its noninsurance parent or affiliated companies. The captive may also reinsure risks that have been placed with third- party insurers, all or a portion of which have been transferred subsequently to the captive; in this arrangement, the unrelated insurer is......
63. Invisibles Synonymous with Invisible Exports And Imports (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
64. Imperial Preference A synonym occasionally used for commonwealth preference (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
65. Transaction Value The primary method of valuing goods for customs purposes under the Customs Valuation Agreement (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
66. Yugen Kaisha A form of limited company organization used in Japan for small or family-con- trolled corporations. This form, usually identified by the letters YK, resembles the American dosed corporation and usually includes restrictions on the transfer of stock. A large or public company is usually organized as ......
67. Intervention Price The price at which the European Economic Community, in accordance with the Common Agricultural Policy (read this and related legal terms for further details), will intervene in the market to buy excess agricultural produ......
68. International Price Index A price index that serves as a standard to measure inflation in industrialized countries. The index consists of the C.I.F. value (in U.S. dollars) of exports of industrial country manufactures to developing countries.......
69. Adjusted Cif Price A factor in determining the variable import levy imposed by the European Economic Community on grain imports. The adjusted C.I.F. (cost, insurance, and freight) price is derived by assigning a quality factor to grain imported from non-EEC countries so as to put the import on a quality basis comparab......
70. Base Price As used in conjunction with the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Economic Community, a trigger price for specific commodities at which member states will intervene to support the market price of a commodity. Member states may respond to a decline in market prices below the base price by la......
71. Entry Price Under the common agriculture POLICY (read this and related legal terms for further details) of the European Economic Community, the price at which certain imported agricultural products enter EEC commerce. If the entry p......
72. Gate Price The minimum price at which pork, poultry, and eggs werw permitted to enter the European Economic Community under the common AGRICULTURAL POLICY (read this and related legal terms for further details) without imposition o......
73. Guide Price As used in conjunction with the European Economic Community's Common Agricultural Policy on cattle and calves, it is synonymous with Orientation Price (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
74. Orientation Price As used in conjunction with the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Economic Community it is the target price (read this and related legal terms for further details) for cattle and calves, i.e., the equilibrium pr......
75. Purchase Price Defined in 19 U.S.C. 162 as the price at which imported merchandise has been purchased, or will be purchased, prior to exportation. It is usually based on the ex factory price excluding any export duties levied in the country of manufacture. Within the framework of the European Economic Community......
76. Standard Price The target price (read this and related legal terms for further details) for tobacco under the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Economic Community.......
77. Target Price An important concept within the common agricultural policy (read this and related legal terms for further details) of the European Economic Community. It represents an optimum wholesale price within the community for a g......
78. Threshold Price A minimum import price for commodities established under the common Agricultural Policy (read this and related legal terms for further details) of the European Economic Community, set so as not to hamper sales of EEC pro......
79. Withdrawal Price A floor price at which European Economic Community producers of certain food products may withhold their goods from the market. The withdrawal price is generally below the base price (i.e., the target price set for a given commodity) and the purchase price at which EEC governments will intervene in ......
80. Minimum Import Price As used in conjunction with the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Economic Community, Gate price (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
81. Arm's Length Price The price at which a given commodity would sell in a sale between an unrelated buyer and seller. Arm's length pricing is the functional opposite of transfer pricing, in which the buyer and seller are related and the price is influenced by that relationship.......
82. Cash Price The same as SPOT price (read this and related legal terms for further details), as used in grain transactions.......
83. Constructed Price A value for customs purposes that ignores the invoice price of the merchandise but is derived by computing the cost inputs of the product (materials plus reasonable manufacturing expenses in the country of origin plus a profit factor), to which are added the normal costs associated with preparing th......
84. Normal Price Within the scope of the Brussels Definition Of Value (read this and related legal terms for further details), the value basis upon which ad valorem duties will be assessed on imports. The normal price is the price the go......
85. Price Cartel An agreement among business entities to fix prices, to establish ranges within which prices may move, or to establish methods by which prices may be determined.......
86. Price Supports A program of governmental action designed to stabilize or lift the price that producers receive for their products. These actions may include direct cash payments, government purchase of output to force up market prices, or special financing. Such supports are most commonly applied to agriculture.......
87. Reference Price A mechanism of the Common Agricultural policy (read this and related legal terms for further details) of the European Economic Community designed to prevent disruptive import competition for certain vegetables, fruits, f......
88. Spot Price The price of a commodity in the Spot Market (read this and related legal terms for further details), i.e., the price quoted for immediate sale and delivery. ......
89. World Price The price at which a given commodity is selling internationally under market conditions in effect at the time of sale. To provide a valid comparison between prices, the world price quoted must normally include quality, location, and perhaps other factors, depending upon the commodity.......
90. American Selling Price A method formerly employed in the United States to establish the value for duty of a limited number of imported products. Under the ASP scheme, an imported product's value for duty was based upon the selling price of like products manufactured in the United States, irrespective of the price the ......
91. Commodity Price Index An index of prices for a stipulated list of commodities. Prices may be on a spot or futures basis. Customarily, major commodities are traded on exchanges (although there are some exceptions), and price fluctuations can be monitored accordingly. The U.S. Department of Labor maintains an index of twen......
92. Consumer Price Index Summary of Consumer Price Index An index of the retail price of four hundred consumer products and services, computed monthly by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Formerly known as the Cost of Living Index, the compilation includes retail price inputs of given items from many cities across [...]...
93. Foreign Market Price For purposes of customs valuation comparisons, generally the price of like merchandise sold for consumption in the country of origin.......
94. Resale Price Method Synonymous with Arm's Length Price (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
95. Trigger Price Mechanism A program of import surveillance instituted by the U.S. government in 1977. Under this scheme, a floor price is established for designated import items; this floor is predicated upon the production cost of the most efficient foreign producer, with adjustments for freight and currency [...]...
96. Price Base Price or Basic Price and International Trade Resources See Also Further Reading Information related to price in the Max Planck Encyclopedia of International Law(MPEPIL), Germany, United Kingdom Resources See Also Common Agricultural Policy Gate Price and International Trade Resources [...]...
97. Net Price Net Price in International Trade Meaning of Net Price, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The price paid or payable after all discounts and rebates have been applied....
98. Going Price Resources See Also Fair market value...
99. Exercise Price The price at which the holder of an option contract may buy or sell a specified quantity of a given commodity, security, or currency.......
100. Price Discrimination Price Discrimination and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Price Discrimination: The practice of charging unequal prices to different buyers of products that are essentially identical, when such [...]...
101. Price Competitiveness Price Competitiveness and International Trade Economy Resources See Also competitiveness...
102. Price Bands Price Bands and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Price Bands: A form of variable levy linked to a system of domestic price controls. Countries such as Chile and Colombia [...]...
103. Price Undertaking Price Undertaking and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Price Undertaking: An agreement by an exporting firm with the government of an " importing country to raise the [...]...
104. Norm Price Norm Price and International Trade Resources See Also Common Agricultural Policy...
105. Price Restrictions In the United States For information about Price restrictions in the context of international trade, click here...
106. Price Differentiation Price Differentiation in International Trade Meaning of Price Differentiation, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Price strategy for international markets that allows each local subsidiary or partner (agent, distributor. etc.) to set a price that is [...]...
107. Price Standardization Price Standardization in International Trade Meaning of Price Standardization, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Price strategy for international markets based on setting a price for the product as it leaves de factory. At its simplest it involves setting [...]...
108. Strike Price Strike Price in International Trade Meaning of Strike Price, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Price at which the option buyer obtains the right to purchase (call option) or sell (put option) the underlying security or currency....
109. Price Policy Related Fields Related topics include: Economic Development Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Social development Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Price Policy Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Price Control Find this subject in this World [...]...
110. Current Price Resources See Also Current market value Fair market value...
111. Call Price Resources See Also Redemption...
112. Administered Price Resources See Also Price Policy Price Control Pricing Strategy Dumping...
113. Price Control Resources See Also Price Policy Price Control Pricing Strategy Dumping...
114. Price Stabilization Resources See Also Price Policy Price Control Pricing Strategy Dumping...
115. Price Support Resources See Also Price Policy Price Control Pricing Strategy Dumping...
116. Retail Price Resources See Also Price Policy Price Control Pricing Strategy Dumping...
117. Wholesale Price Resources See Also Price Policy Price Control Pricing Strategy Dumping...
118. Equilibrium Relative Price Of Currencies Synonymous with rate of exchange, i.e., the price, in terms of one national currency, at which another currency can be purchased under market conditions.......
119. Uniform Delivered Price A single delivered price that is offered to all customers within a defined geographic area, irrespective of the actual cost of delivering the merchandise.......
120. Allowance for Differences of Price Spanish Translation of allowance for differences of priceThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to allowance for differences of price and / or a definition of this topic: Prelevement (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry)....