Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. Mutual Legal Assistance in Hong Kong Mutual Legal Assistance in Hong Kong List of Mutual Legal Assistance Treaties signed by Hong Kong Below is a list ... Read more...
2. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) The United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, abbreviated as UNECE, is one of five regional commissions of the United Nations. UNECE was set up in 1947 to promote pan-European economic integration. To do so, it groups 56 countries [...]...
3. EC EC and Europe There is an entry on ec in the European legal encyclopedia. EC and the European Union Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration Resources See Also European Community Resources See [...]...
4. Asia Dynamic Asian Economies (DAEs) and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Dynamic Asian Economies (DAEs): In recent OECD discussions and publications, this term has been used to [...]...
5. Graduation Summary of Graduation The act of recognition by the world community that formerly less developed Countries (read this and related legal terms for further details) have undergone sufficient economic development to be regarded as "developed"or industrialized nations. The recognition [...]...
6. EEC Embracing mainstream international law, this section on eec explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. EEC and Europe There is an entry on eec in the European legal encyclopedia. EEC and the European Union Resources See Also International Organization [...]...
7. European Trade Union Confederation Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration...
8. Efta Efta Efta in International Trade Meaning of Efta, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The European Free Trade Association is an intergovernmental organization set up for the promotion of free trade and economic integration to the benefit of its four Member [...]...
9. EURATOM Embracing mainstream international law, this section on euratom explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Euratom (European Atomic Energy Community) and Europe There is an entry on euratom (european atomic energy community) in the European legal [...]...
10. Commission of the European Community Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration...
11. European Regional Development Fund European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and the European Union Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration Resources See Also Structural funds...
12. Association of Southeast Asian Nations Association Of Southeast Asian Nations Summary of Association Of Southeast Asian Nations Commonly known by the acronyn ASEAN, a regional cooperation association concerned with the promotion of economic development and trade among the member states. The group was founded at Bangkok in 1967 [...]...
13. WEU WEU (Western European Union) and Europe There is an entry on weu (western european union) in the European legal encyclopedia. Common Foreign and Security Policy, NATO and WEU and the European Union WEU and the European Union Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations [...]...
14. Southern Africa Development Community Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration...
15. EC Commission EC Commission in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of EC Commission: The "executive branch" of the European Community, which is responsible for carrying out policies approved by the EC [...]...
16. EAC The East African Community, abbreviated as EAC, is a regional intergovernmental organisation with its headquarters in Arusha (Tanzania), consisting of the following member countries: Burundi BI Rwanda RW Uganda UG Kenya KE Tanzania TZ The Treaty for Establishment of the East African [...]...
17. ESA ESA and the European Union Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration Resources See Also European Space Agency...
18. Single European Market Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration...
19. Andean Community Andean Community, organization of South American countries located along the Andes Mountains, whose aim is to facilitate development of member nations through economic and social cooperation. The Andean Community (also known as the Andean Group) was established in 1969 by authority of an [...]...
20. ECSC Embracing mainstream international law, this section on ecsc explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. ECSC and the European Union Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional [...]...
21. EC Court of Justice Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration...
22. European Court of Justice Introduction to European Court of Justice European Court of Justice, court of law of the European Union (EU), established in 1957. The court is charged with ruling on all questions brought before it concerning the founding treaties of the EU and legislation made under those treaties. Since [...]...
23. European Development Fund EDF and the Treaties of the European Union Description of EDF provided by the European Union Commission: The European Development Fund is the main instrument for Community aid for development cooperation in the African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) countries and the Overseas Countries and [...]...
24. Organization of African Trade Union Unity Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration...
25. China Trade Act Corporation A corporation formed under the China Trade Act of 1922, which provided special tax incentives to firms engaged in trade with China. Following the collapse of the Nationalist government on mainland China in 1949, the act was amended to cover only Taiwan and Hong Kong. In its final form, the act provi......
26. EEA See EEA disambiguation page for other meanings of EEA The European Economic Area, abbreviated as EEA, consists of the 28 Member States of the European Union (EU) and three countries of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) (all except Switzerland, namely: Iceland, Liechtenstein and [...]...
27. European Social Fund European Social Fund (ESF) and the European Union Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration Resources See Also Structural funds...
28. Court of Justice of the European Communities Court of Justice of the European Communities and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Court of Justice of the European Communities provided by the European Union Commission: The Court of Justice is composed of the same number of judges as there are Member States. At present it has [...]...
29. South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC): A regional cooperation organization [...]...
30. Lebanon Countries currently subject to sanctions by the United States: Lebanon Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration...
31. Trade Union Federation Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration...
32. International Trade Center International Trade Center (ITC) This section provides an overview of international trade center (itc) within the legal context of Development Institutions in international economic law, with coverage of Architecture. Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations [...]...
33. Permanent Secretariat of the General Treaty on Central American Economic Integration Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration...
34. Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC): A regional cooperation organization including Australia, Brunei. Canada. [...]...
35. East African Community East African Community (EAC) The East African Community, abbreviated as EAC, is a regional intergovernmental organisation with its headquarters in Arusha (Tanzania), consisting of the following member countries: Burundi BI Rwanda RW Uganda UG Kenya KE Tanzania TZ The Treaty for [...]...
36. Nafta Nafta Nafta in International Trade Meaning of Nafta, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A free trade agreement comprising Canada, Mexico and the United States. The objectives of the agreement are to eliminate barriers to trade, promote conditions of fair [...]...
37. United Arab Emirates Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration...
38. West Indies Associated States Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration...
39. Regionalization Regionalization Further ReadingA concise encyclopedia of the United Nations (including Regionalization , H Volger, KA Annan -2010) The Oxford Handbook on the United Nations (TG Weiss - 2007) International Law: A Dictionary (including Regionalization , Boczek, Boleslaw Adam -2005)...
40. European Space Agency Embracing mainstream international law, this section on european space agency explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. European Space Agency and the European Union Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental [...]...
41. Western European Union Embracing mainstream international law, this section on western european union explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Western European Union and the European Union Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental [...]...
42. Organization For European Economic Cooperation Organization For European Economic Cooperation Summary of Organization For European Economic Cooperation A post-World War II organization established to coordinate the reconstruction of Europe. The OEEC arose in response to an Anglo-French declaration in 1947 calling for European [...]...
43. European Center for the Development of Vocational Training Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration...
44. International Trade Union Confederation Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration...
45. International Trade Union Organizations Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration...
46. International Organizations Cross References International Organizations Cross-References International Organizations are Institutions which have membership from several states, and they are usually international in scope. ... Read more...
47. Commonwealth of Independent States Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS): An organization of II countries -- including all former Soviet republics [...]...
48. Europe Central and East European Countries (CEECs) and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Central and East European Countries (CEECs): Includes Albania, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, [...]...
49. Economic Community European Economic Community (EEC) and Europe There is an entry on european economic community (eec) in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "European Economic Community (EEC)" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from [...]...
50. Single European Act Single European Act and the European Union Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration Resources See Also SEA...
51. Arbitration: Limited discretionary power to enforce in the presence of grounds for refusal Contents Arbitration: Limited discretionary power to enforce in the presence of grounds for refusal     Courts generally refuse enforcement ... Read more...
52. Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration...
53. United Nations Environment Programme UNEP – United Nations Environment Programme Further Reading A concise encyclopedia of the United Nations (including United Nations Environment Programme , H Volger, KA Annan -2010) The Oxford Handbook on the United Nations (TG Weiss - 2007) International Law: A Dictionary (including [...]...
54. Treaty on European Union Maastricht Treaty and Treaty on European Union and the European Union Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration Resources See Also Treaty of Maastricht...
55. Arab Labor Organization Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration...
56. Central Treaty Organization Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration...
57. Africa African nations include Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo (Brazzaville), Congo (Democratic Republic), Djibouti, Egypt, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, [...]...
58. Chamber of Commerce WCF in International Trade Meaning of WCF, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The World Chambers Federation is a ICC's specialized division for its chamber of commerce members worldwide. WCF also manages the ATA Carnet System and its guarantee chain for [...]...
59. Caribbean Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration Resources See Also Legal System Country Jurisdiction Immigration Consulate...
60. Employers Organization Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration...
61. Nongovernmental Organization Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration...
62. Organization of Central American States Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration...
63. United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Organization United Nations United Nations System...
64. United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Organization United Nations United Nations System...
65. United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Organization United Nations United Nations System...
66. International Organization Introduction to International Organization International Organization, a membership group that operates across national borders for specific purposes. Scholars of international relations consider international organizations to have growing importance in world politics. Examples of [...]...
67. Peru The Legal History of Peru This section provides an overview of Peru Implementation: United States-Peru Trade Promotion Agreement ("ptpa") In relation to the international law practice and Implementation: United States-Peru Trade Promotion Agreement ("ptpa") in this world [...]...
68. Apec Definition of Apec in International Trade The following is a concept of Apec in the context of international trade law, from the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation is a forum of 21 Pacific Rim countries (including United States, Canada, [...]...
69. Council for Mutual Economic Assistance Embracing mainstream international law, this section on council for mutual economic assistance explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization [...]...
70. Antigua and Barbuda Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration...
71. APEC Countries Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration...
72. Inter-American Committee on the Alliance for Progress Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration...
73. Monetary Union Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration...
74. New Partnership for Africa's Development Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration...
75. Permanent Inter-American Committee on Social Security Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration...
76. Petroleum Exporting Countries Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration...
77. Saint Kitts and Nevis Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration...
78. Saint Lucia Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration...
79. Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration...
80. South Asia Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration...
81. South East Asia Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration...
82. Syrian Arab Republic Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration...
83. UNI Global Union Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration...
84. Western Europe Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration...
85. World Council of Churches Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration...
86. United Nations Economic and Social Council Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Organization United Nations United Nations System...
87. United Nations Economic Commission for Africa Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Organization United Nations United Nations System...
88. CIS Countries Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration...
89. IDRC Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration...
90. LAES Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration...
91. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development United Nations Conference On Trade And Development (UNCTAD) Introduction to the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, permanent arm of the United Nations General Assembly. The conference, established in December 1964, followed [...]...
92. World Intellectual Property Organization Summary of World Intellectual Property Organization A specialized agency of the United Nations charged with fostering international agreements to protect rights to intellectual property, with the object of facilitating international technology transfer. WIPO serves as the nucleus for new [...]...
93. International Chamber of Commerce International Chamber Of Commerce International Chamber of Commerce Outline The ICC was established in 1919 as a non-governmental organization. Its main purposes are to facilitate international trade and commerce, serve the needs of the international business community (for example, in 1989 [...]...
94. United Nations Commission on International Trade Law United Nations Commission On International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) United Nations Commission on International Trade Law Outline The United Nations Commission on International Trade Law was set up in 1966 by the General Assembly of the United Nations to deal with conflicts of national laws [...]...
95. International Court Of Justice Introduction to International Court of Justice International Court of Justice, also known as World Court, principal judicial organ of the United Nations (UN). It was created in 1945 under the UN Charter as the successor to the Permanent Court of International Justice under the League of [...]...
96. United Nations Introduction to United Nations United Nations (UN), international organization of countries created to promote world peace and cooperation. The UN was founded after World War II ended in 1945. Its mission is to maintain world peace, develop good relations between countries, promote [...]...
97. China Legal Materials For information, call the National Committee on United States-China Relations(NCUSCR) at 212-645-9677. Other possibilities: the Chinese embassy (202-495-2266) or the U.S. State Department. Legal: The National People's Congress posts a free Database of Laws and [...]...
98. Japan Legal Materials Business Information: Matthew Bender publishes a guide to Doing Business in Japanthat is available through Lexis (MATBEN;DBJAPN). Deloitte posts a Tax and Investment guide for Japan. See also the sources listed in "Doing Business in Foreign Countries." [...]...
99. Singapore Legal Materials Singapore statutes in force are posted in English by the Singapore Attorney General's Office. The Library of Congress' Guide to Law Online: Singaporelinks to the major Singapore law sites. Halsbury's Laws of Singapore (Lexis/Butterworths) provides a detailed summary of [...]...
100. North American Free Trade Agreement North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) On January 1, 1994 the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) established a single trade zone. North American Free Trade Agreement Resources There is a great deal of research material available on this subject. The difficulty is not in [...]...
101. Jamaica Legal Materials Legal: For an introduction to Jamaican legal materials see The Jamaican Legal System and Guide to Legal Research by Jeanne Slowe and Claudette Solomon. The Laws of Jamaica (Acts) are posted by the Office of the Parliamentary Counsel, although a Disclaimer says the [...]...
102. International Organization for Migration International Organization for Migration (IOM) Introduction Established in 1951, the International Organization for Migration is the leading intergovernmental organization in the field of migration. With 157 member states, an additional 10 states holding observer status, and offices in over [...]...
103. Supreme Courts Supreme Court of Argentina (Corte Suprema de Justicia de la Nación) In relation to the supreme court of argentina (corte suprema de justicia de la nación) and constitutional law, José Sebastián Elias[1] made the following observation: The Supreme Court of [...]...
104. Legal Words Contents Legal Words Doubling legal Words (Doublets and Triplets) Doubling legal words that mean the same thing can be confusing. ... Read more...
105. Foreign Laws Contents Foreign Laws Secondary Sources: The subscription-based Foreign Law Guide: Current Sources of Codes and Basic Legislation in Jurisdictions of ... Read more...
106. United Nations Secretariat Contents United Nations Secretariat See: ? Charter of the United Nations ? UN: Purposes, principles and membership ? United Nations ... Read more...
107. Human Trafficking See International Criminal Law - Transnational crime In late 2000, the United Nations for the first time in international law defined human trafficking in the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children (the Trafficking Protocol also called [...]...
108. League of Nations The League of Nations was the ill-fated predecessor of the United Nations. Origins To Alexander of Russia's scheme of a Holy Alliance we need only briefly allude. Though admirable in intention it was rejected as "sublime nonsense and mysticism” by Castlereagh, and it eventually [...]...
109. History of the International Labour Organization Contents History of the International Labour Organization (ILO) Origins of the ILO An important part of the scheme for a ... Read more...
110. World Trade Organization Unlike GATT, the WTO is a permanent body but not a specialized agency of the United Nations. Introduction to World Trade Organization World Trade Organization (WTO), international body that promotes and enforces the provisions of trade laws and regulations. The World Trade Organization has [...]...
111. Alliance For Progress Alliance For Progress Summary of Alliance For Progress An economic development program for Latin America sponsored by the Organization of American States (OAS) at the 1961 Punta del Este Conference. The program called for ten years of concerted efforts directed towards economic growth, [...]...
112. Arab League Summary of Arab League An association of independent Arab states formed for the purpose of advancing cooperation among the members in political, economic, and social matters. The league, formed in Cairo in 1945, has a permanent council and secretariat. A principal objective of the league [...]...
113. Bank For International Settlements Bank For International Settlements Summary of Bank For International Settlements An international bank owned and controlled by the central banks of twenty-four European and five non-European central banks. The BIS was formed at the Hague Conference of 1930 in response to pressures for the [...]...
114. Benelux Benelux Summary of Benelux An acronym for Belgium-Nether- lands-Luxembourg. Following World War II, the three nations formed a customs union with long- range objectives of establishing a single monetary and fiscal system. The localized objectives of the three Benelux countries were [...]...
115. Cartagena Agreement Summary of Cartagena Agreement Considered in Andean Group.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration...
116. Central American Common Market Summary of Central American Common Market A free trade area among the nations of Central America, established in 1960 by a treaty between El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua. The common market began operations in 1961, and Costa Rica joined the group in 1962. Honduras dropped [...]...
117. Common Market Summary of Common Market A supranational organization of trading nations, created to promote economic collaboration and minimize constraints on the free movement of goods among the member states. Features of a common market include elimination of tariffs on goods moving between member [...]...
118. Council of Europe Hello Council Of Europe Summary of Council Of Europe An association of twenty- one European states formed to identify and collectively pursue areas of common interest, and to provide a forum for the articulation of European unity. The council was formed by treaty in London on May 5, 1949; [...]...
119. Diplomatic Immunity An immunity from local laws and regulations accorded by host states to accredited foreign diplomats. It is recognized in international law that diplomatic officers are the personal representatives of sovereign states and, as such, are themselves inviolable on the same basis as the states they [...]...
120. Economic Community of West African States Economic Community Of West African States Summary of Economic Community Of West African States An organization of sixteen West African states committed to the elimination of trade barriers among the member states and the promotion of economic development in the region. Formed at Lagos, [...]...