History of International Law

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1. Promissory Note Introduction to Promissory Note Promissory Note, in the law of negotiable instruments, written instrument containing an unconditional promise by a party, called the maker, who signs the instrument, to pay to another, called the payee, a definite sum of money either on demand or at a specified [...]...
2. History of International Law Ancient History The need for some principles and rules of conduct between independent states arises whenever such states enter into mutual relations. Rules governing the treatment of foreign traders, travelers, and ambassadors, as well as the conclusion and observance of treaties, [...]...
3. Negotiable Instruments Introduction to Negotiable Instruments Negotiable Instruments, in law, contracts in writing that are transferable by endorsement or by delivery and to which the holder takes title free from any defenses or objections to their validity that might have been good against the transferor. As [...]...
4. Convention on International Bills of Exchange and International Promissory Notes 10 Contents Convention on International Bills of Exchange and International Promissory Notes   Article 76 (1) Nothing in this Convention prevents ... Read more...
5. International Currency Trends in International Political Economy: International CurrencyIntroduction to International CurrencyExplosive growth in the exchange of foreign currencies in international markets has also transformed the global political economy (see foreign exchange). Advanced telecommunicatio......
6. Ancient Near Eastern Law The Legal History of Ancient Near Eastern LawThis section provides an overview of Ancient Near Eastern Law ResourcesSee AlsoLegal Biography Legal Traditions Historical Laws History of Law Further Reading Ancient Near Eastern Law in the Oxford International Encyclopedia of Legal History (Oxford [...]...
7. Company Law The Legal History of Company Law This section provides an overview of Company Law Applied Company Law Contents of Applied Company Law Contents of this subject matter include: Introduction; Alternative Business Structures Characteristics of a Company Company's liability in Crime, Contract [...]...
8. Ancient Greek Law Ancient Greek Law Overview and Historical SurveyFor more information about this section, in the context of legal history, see the main entry in this legal encyclopedia. SourcesFor more information about this section, in the context of legal history, see the main entry in this [...]...
9. History of Chinese Law Shang Dynasty (c.16th?11th Century BCE)For more information about this section, in the context of legal history, see the main entry in this legal encyclopedia. Western Chou Dynasty (c.1045?771 BCE)For more information about this section, in the context of legal history, see the [...]...
10. Greece The Legal History of Literature and Law in Ancient Greece This section provides an overview of Literature and Law in Ancient Greece Greece in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): On July 17, 2011, the [...]...
11. History of the International Labour Organization Contents History of the International Labour Organization (ILO) Origins of the ILO An important part of the scheme for a ... Read more...
12. Oaths The Legal History of Oaths in Ancient AthensThis section provides an overview of Oaths in Ancient Athens ResourcesSee AlsoLegal Biography Legal Traditions Historical Laws History of Law Further Reading Oaths in Ancient Athens in the Oxford International Encyclopedia of Legal History (Oxford [...]...
13. Rhetoric The Legal History of Rhetoric in Ancient Greek LawThis section provides an overview of Rhetoric in Ancient Greek Law ResourcesSee AlsoLegal Biography Legal Traditions Historical Laws History of Law Further Reading Rhetoric in Ancient Greek Law in the Oxford International Encyclopedia of Legal [...]...
14. History of Private International Law History of Private International Law This section contain conflict of laws information and cross references related to history of private international law on some major countries and additional jurisdictions. It covers key issues involved when citizens face international situations. [...]...
15. Promissory Notes Promissory Notes regarding Banking Law This content deals with legal and regulatory aspects of Promissory Notes covered in connexion with financial law and banking / lending Institutions....
16. Witness The Legal History of Witnesses in Ancient AthensThis section provides an overview of Witnesses in Ancient Athens ResourcesSee AlsoLegal Biography Legal Traditions Historical Laws History of Law Further Reading Witnesses in Ancient Athens in the Oxford International Encyclopedia of Legal [...]...
17. Prostitution Criminal Law: Crimes Against Sexual Morality: Prostitution Introduction to Prostitution The crime of prostitution involves the exchange of sexual contact or favors for money or its equivalent. The crime of pandering involves the promotion of prostitution by enticing or procuring persons to [...]...
18. Bills of Exchange The Legal History of Bills of Exchange in English Common Law This section provides an overview of Bills of Exchange in English Common Law Bills of Exchange, Drafts, Checks, and Trade Acceptances in relation with Negotiable Instruments This content deals with legal and regulatory aspects of [...]...
19. Humanism Liberalism: HumanismIntroduction to HumanismIn postmedieval European culture liberalism was perhaps first expressed in humanism, which redirected thinking in the 15th century from the consideration of the divine order of the world and its reflections in the temporal social order to......
20. World Health Organization History Introduction to World Health Organization HistoryThe idea for a global health agency was proposed in 1945 at the United Nations Conference on International Organization, held in San Francisco, California, to complete a charter for the UN. Following several more gatherings, the UN approved W......
21. History of Censorship Contents History of Censorship Early History Censorship and the ideology supporting it go back to ancient times. Every society has ... Read more...
22. History of Diplomacy Contents History of Diplomacy Introduction to the History of Diplomacy As soon as people organized themselves into separate social groups, ... Read more...
23. History of Government Contents History of Government Introduction The despotic empires of Egypt, Sumer, Assyria, Persia, and Macedonia were followed by the rise ... Read more...
24. History of Courts Contents History of Courts Legal History of the Courts Ancient Greek: Courts and Magistrates in Ancient Athens See the main ... Read more...
25. History of Law Enforcement Most Popular Entries related to History of Law Enforcement Law Enforcement (in the World) Law Enforcement Careers (in the World) Law Enforcement Definition (in the World) Law Enforcement Officers (in the World) Law Enforcement Agency (in the World) History of Law Enforcement (in the World)...
26. Convention on International Bills of Exchange and International Promissory Notes 2 Contents Convention on International Bills of Exchange and International Promissory Notes   Article 81 For the purpose of making protest ... Read more...
27. International Patent Law Patent International patent lawIntroduction to International patent lawThe first treaty to deal with international patent law was the Paris Convention of 1883, which was originally adopted by 20 countries from around the world and has since been adopted by most others. In addition,......
28. Education and culture international conventions Contents Education and culture international conventions Convention for the Protection of the Architectural Heritage of Europe 3.10.1985 Agreement Establishing a ... Read more...
29. Adultery Adultery, voluntary sexual intercourse between a married person and someone other than the lawful spouse. (1) Description of Adultery Resources See Also Illicit cohabitation Resources See Also Fornication; Infidelity Adultery Divorce Resources Notes and References Encarta Online [...]...
30. Duress • Why is duress a problem? We want to know people actually agreed to contract of their own free will. (either under subjective or objective theory). Also violates pareto superior economic model, where at least one of the parties is better off and the other is at least not worse off. [...]...
31. Oxford International Encyclopedia of Legal History Contents Oxford International Encyclopedia of Legal History Bibliographic Details Title: Oxford International Encyclopedia of Legal History ISBN: 9780195134056 Author: Katz, ... Read more...
32. Private International Law Scope International Law: Private ConcernsIntroduction to Private International Law ScopePrivate international law is concerned with various matters that are handled by a court of law in the following order. (1) The court must first decide whether or not it has jurisdiction in a case invo......
33. Oxford International Encyclopedia of Legal History Contents Oxford International Encyclopedia of Legal History Details of the Oxford International Encyclopedia of Legal History Volumes: 6-Volume Set Editor ... Read more...
34. Cambodia The Legal History of Cambodia This section provides an overview of Cambodia Resources See Also Legal System Country Jurisdiction Immigration Consulate Resources See Also Legal Biography Legal Traditions Historical Laws History of Law Further Reading Cambodia in the Oxford International [...]...
35. Convention on International Bills of Exchange and International Promissory Notes 3 Contents Convention on International Bills of Exchange and International Promissory Notes   Article 9 (1) An instrument is deemed to ... Read more...
36. Inheritance Introduction to InheritanceInheritance, in law, succession to the real and personal property of a deceased individual. Inheritance may be by will or, in the absence of a will, by operation of the statutes governing intestacy. The transfer of property by testate and intestate succession is o......
37. Exchange Rates Multiple Exchange Rates (also known as Differential Exchange Rates) and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Multiple Exchange Rates (also known as Differential Exchange Rates): [...]...
38. International Copyright Introduction to International CopyrightAlmost every nation has some form of copyright protection for authors and artists. Several important international treaties also deal with copyright law among nations. The first and perhaps the most important international treaty concerning copyright l......
39. Athens The Legal History of AthensThis section provides an overview of Athens ResourcesSee AlsoLegal Biography Legal Traditions Historical Laws History of Law Further Reading Athens in the Oxford International Encyclopedia of Legal History (Oxford University Press) The Oxford Encyclopedia of American [...]...
40. History The Legal History of Uses of History This section provides an overview of Uses of History Resources See Also Further Reading Information related to history in the Max Planck Encyclopedia of International Law(MPEPIL), Germany, United Kingdom Resources See Also Legal Biography Legal [...]...
41. History of Citation Indexing Contents History of Citation Indexing Legal Citation indexing originated with a table of cases that Joseph Story began in 1743. ... Read more...
42. History of Year Books Contents History of Year Books English-language first case reports, Year Books, were manuscript law reports prepared from 1292 to 1535.[1] ... Read more...
43. History of the State of Exception History of the State of Exception A Brief History of the State of Exception by Giorgio Agamben An excerpt from ... Read more...
44. History of Taxation Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including History of Taxation) ...
45. History of Economic Law International Economic Law Historical Perspective In international economic law, historical perspective includes the following legal areas, with coverage in this world legal encyclopedia: li> Mercantilism Sovereignty Bilateralism in International Economic Law Multilateralism in International [...]...
46. MPEPIL: History of international law Contents MPEPIL: History of International Law   Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (MPEPIL) list of articles of this ... Read more...
47. International Criminal Court History International Criminal Court Creation of the Court Historical BackgroundIntroduction to International Criminal Court HistoryLaws and customs governing wartime conduct have existed since ancient times, but historically, few people have been prosecuted or punished for war crimes, gen......
48. International Organizations History International Organization: Historical Development of International OrganizationsIntroduction to International Organizations HistoryHistorically, international organizations and regimes have reflected the interests of the world's most powerful nations, or great powers. Many int......
49. History of the Law of the Sea Law of the Sea and Related Boundary Issues In relation to the international law practice and law of the sea and related boundary issues in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: Territorial Regimes and Related Issues About this subject:Maritime Security and Law [...]...
50. History of Legal Treatises Contents History of Legal Treatises In the United States While the earliest law treatises predate the systematic dissemination of court ... Read more...
51. History of Yugoslavia Contents Introduction This is the first part of the history of Yugoslavia, which has had hugue implications in international law, ... Read more...
52. History of Trade Unions Contents History of Trade Unions Trade Unions was defined as “combinations for regulating the relations between workmen and masters, workmen ... Read more...
53. History of Nationalization Contents History of Nationalization Introduction The fact that “Nationalization” had become in 1916-21 one of the burning political questions of ... Read more...
54. History of Industrial Councils Contents History of Industrial Councils History of Industrial Councils in the United Kingdom The formation of joint industrial councils (or, ... Read more...
55. History of Labor Legislation Contents History of Labor Legislation Introduction In comparing legislation affecting factories, mines, shops and truck in the chief industrial countries ... Read more...
56. History of Working Time Contents History of Working Time Regulations History of Working Time until 1920 The decade following 1910 witnessed a rapid advance ... Read more...
57. History of Zionism Contents History of Zionism History of Zionism before 1910 During the middle ages, though the racial character of the Jews ... Read more...
58. History of Social Darwinism Contents History of Social Darwinism Origins Social Darwinism originated in Britain during the second half of the 19th century. Darwin ... Read more...
59. History of Sociology Contents History of the Sociology As a discipline, or body of systematized knowledge, sociology is of relatively recent origin. The ... Read more...
60. History of Migration Contents History of Migration Migration in Ancient History Among the most far-reaching series of ancient migrations were those of the ... Read more...
61. Sovereignty History Legal IssuesThe term 'sovereign' has its origin in the Latin word 'supra' or in medieval times 'superanus'. It was first used in early French as 'sovrains' and appeared later as 'soverain', in Italian as 'sovrano'. The meaning of this early te......
62. Census History Census HistoryCensuses have been taken since ancient times by emperors and kings trying to assess the size and strength of their realms. These early censuses were conducted sporadically, generally to levy taxes or for military conscription. Clay tablet fragments from ancient Babylon indicat......
63. City Planning History City Planning History of City Planning Archaeological excavations of ancient cities reveal evidence of some deliberate planning: the arrangement of housing in regular, rectangular patterns and the prominent location of civic and religious buildings along main thoroughfares. ...
64. Civil Law History Civil Law Historical DevelopmentThe civil law tradition traces its origin to the Roman Republic, a city-state that emerged in the 6th century bc and became an important commercial and military power (see Ancient Rome). The early custom and laws of Rome were put in writing for the first time......
65. Government History Introduction to Government HistoryThe despotic empires of Egypt, Sumer, Assyria, Persia, and Macedonia were followed by the rise of city-states, the first self-governing communities, in which the rule of law predominated and state officials were responsible to the citizens who chose them. T......
66. History of Democracy Democracy in Western Europe and the U.S.Introduction to History of DemocracyBeginning with the first popular rebellion against monarchy in England (1642), which was brought to a climax by the execution of King Charles I, political and revolutionary action against autocratic Europea......
67. Maritime Law History Introduction to Maritime Law HistoryThe origins of maritime law go back to antiquity. Because no country has jurisdiction over the seas, it has been necessary for nations to reach agreements regarding ways of dealing with ships, crews, and cargoes when disputes arise. The earliest agreement......
68. Prison History Introduction to Prison HistoryHistorians note the existence of prisons in ancient Greece and Rome. For example, the Mamertine Prison, constructed in Rome in the 7th century bc, consisted of a vast network of dungeons under the city's main sewer. These subterranean cells held political d......
69. Property History Introduction to Property HistoryThe concept of property originated in ancient times. Societies apparently held most property rights-such as the right to hunt or fish in a given area-in common. Although some private ownership of personal property, such as weapons and cooking utensils, existe......
70. Rape History Rape Legal History of RapeIntroduction to Rape HistoryLaws defining and setting punishments for rape have varied enormously among different cultures and during different time periods. Throughout history, rape laws have illustrated a culture's social and political attitudes abo......
71. History Of the United Nations History of the Foundation of the United Nations Further ReadingA concise encyclopedia of the United Nations (including History of the United Nations , H Volger, KA Annan -2010) The Oxford Handbook on the United Nations (TG Weiss - 2007) International Law: A Dictionary (including History of the [...]...
72. Legal History Contents Legal History “This abstraction called the Law,” Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., once observed, is “a magic mirror, [wherein] ... Read more...
73. History of Trials The Legal History of Witch TrialsThis section provides an overview of Witch Trials ResourcesSee AlsoLegal Biography Legal Traditions Historical Laws History of Law Further Reading Witch Trials in the Oxford International Encyclopedia of Legal History (Oxford University Press) The Oxford [...]...
74. Political History Contents Political History Introduction From the beginning of recorded history, one aspect of the political world that has become clear ... Read more...
75. History of Intellectual Property History and Theory of Intellectual Property Contents of History and Theory of Intellectual Property Contents of this subject matter include: Introduction to legal history History of Copyright Law History of Trademark Law History of Patent Law History of trade secrets/confidence Overview of IP [...]...
76. History of Emergency History and Concepts of Emergency In relation to the history and concepts of emergency and constitutional law, Giacomo Delledonne[1] made the following observation: According to standard accounts of constitutionalism, a constitutional framework, specifying the allocation of powers and [...]...
77. History of Mixed Governments History and Theory of Mixed Governments In relation to the history and theory of mixed governments and constitutional law, Cesare Pinelli[1] made the following observation: The concept of mixed government originated in the second century BC with the Greek historian Polybius' attempt to [...]...
78. History of Land Use Archaeological Gis for Land Use in South Etruria Urban Revolution in Ix-viii Centuries B.c., the Law and other Social Sciences A GIS is developed for analysis of formation, growth and collapse of past societies. The Urban Revolution in Mediterranean area between IX-VIII centuries B.C. pushed [...]...
79. History of Codification See the information on Codification in France and Louisiana in the legal encyclopedias of Europe and the United States. Resources See Also Civil Code History Codification History...
80. History of the Church and State Relationship Contents History of the Church and State Relationship Church and State, relationship between the organized church and the government of ... Read more...
81. History of the World Trade Organization Origins of the World Trade Organization: History ...
82. History of Women’s Rights in the 20th Century Contents History of Women’s Rights in the 20th Century Women’s in the 20th-Century Developments Socialists Movements and Communism Governments After ... Read more...
83. History of Foreign Trade until the 20th Century Contents History of Foreign Trade until the 20th Century Although foreign trade was an important part of ancient and medieval ... Read more...
84. Hallam's Constitutional History Contents Lord Macaulay’s Essay on Hallam’s Constitutional History See also Thomas Babington Macaulay and Speech on the Government of India ... Read more...
85. Legal History Resources Contents Legal History Resources Legal History Resources in the Legal encyclopedias Legal history in the International Encyclopedia of Law>: Entries ... Read more...
86. History of Women’s Rights Contents History of Women’s Rights until the 20th Century Traditional Status Some scholars argue that the discovery throughout the European ... Read more...
87. Habeas Corpus History Introduction to Habeas Corpus HistoryThe earliest use of the writ as a constitutional remedy against the tyranny of the Crown took place in the latter part of the 16th century, when it was applied in behalf of persons committed to prison by the Privy Council. Many ways of avoiding the effec......
88. Patriarchy History Patriarchy History of Patriarchy in Political ThoughtIntroduction to Patriarchy HistoryIn the 17th century some political thinkers drew a comparison between the power of the father and the power of the king. For example, English political theorist Sir Robert Filmer argued that sons......
89. Dictionary of Concepts in History Contents Dictionary of Concepts in History Details of the Dictionary of Concepts in History (Contributions in Legal Studies) Hardcover: 514 ... Read more...
90. Legislative History Legislative History as Secondary Authority in Legal Research Federal Legislative History Sources There is more information about this subjet related to the field of legal research in the legal encyclopedia.Researching Federal Legislative History There is more information about this subjet [...]...
91. History of the Peaceful Means of Settlement Contents Peaceful Settlement of International Disputes Note: this entry is based on the article, authored by Alain Pellet, “Peaceful Settlement ... Read more...
92. List of Legal History Broader Databases Contents List of Legal History Broader Databases The following databases are comprehensive, covering a wide selection of time periods, and ... Read more...
93. Princeton Encyclopedia of American Political History Contents The Princeton Encyclopedia of American Political History Bibliographic Details Title: The Princeton Encyclopedia of American Political History Description: Two ... Read more...
94. Encyclopedia of Social Welfare History in North America Contents Encyclopedia of Social Welfare History in North America Bibliographic Details Title: Encyclopedia of Social Welfare History in North America ... Read more...
95. Abridgment of English History “The Saxon laws, imperfect and various as they were, served in some tolerable degree a people who had by their ... Read more...
96. Lawyer’s history Contents Lawyer’s history Ancient Greece The earliest people who could be described as “lawyers”were probably the orators of ancient Athens ... Read more...
97. U.S. Labor law and movement history Contents Labor law and organized labor history of the United States See U.S. Labor law and movement history 2 Labor ... Read more...
98. U.S. Labor law and movement history 2 Contents U.S. Labor law and movement history 2 See U.S. Labor law and movement history World War I During World ... Read more...
99. Arab League History Arab League HistoryThe Egyptian government first proposed the Arab League in 1943. Egypt and some of the other Arab states wanted closer cooperation without the loss of self-rule that would result from total union. The original charter of the league created a regional organization of sovere......
100. Balance of Power History Balance of Power From Ancient Times to World war IIHistorical examples of power balancing are found throughout history in various regions of the world, leading some scholars to characterize balance of power as a universal and timeless principle. During the Period of the Warring States in Ch......
101. Commercial Treaties History History of Commercial TreatiesCommercial treaties have a history going back to ancient times. With the resurgence of trade in the early medieval period, the commercial treaty began its modern evolution. This early commercial treaty was usually bilateral, and its prime objective was to estab......
102. Censorship Early History Censorship Early HistoryCensorship and the ideology supporting it go back to ancient times. Every society has had customs, taboos, or laws by which speech, play, dress, religious observance, and sexual expression were regulated. (1)Resources......
103. Checks And Balances History Checks and Balances: Origins of the ConceptThe concept of checks and balances can be traced to ancient political philosophers, such as Aristotle and Plato. In their view, the best form of government included a mix of different types of power. An ideal government would include elements of mo......
104. Extradition History Contents Extradition History Introduction The U. S. Supreme Court, in United States v. Rauscher (1886), expressed the dominant doctrine in ... Read more...
105. Copyright History History of Copyright LawIntroduction to Copyright HistoryBefore the invention of the printing press in Europe in the 15th century, copyright law did not exist. Books were expensive and difficult to produce and few people knew how to read, so there was little need for copyright prot......
106. Crime Detection History Crime Detection Historical BackgroundIntroduction to Crime Detection HistoryEarly criminal investigation was a crude process, relying on eyewitnesses, inferences, and confessions extracted under torture. In early 19th-century France, for instance, the principal technique for catchi......
107. Divorce History Introduction to Divorce HistoryBefore 1857 in Britain, freedom to remarry could be obtained only by an act of Parliament following a separation decree given by an ecclesiastical court on the basis of some wrong (such as adultery or abandonment) done by the defendant to the plaintiff. This s......
108. Fingerprinting History Introduction to Fingerprinting HistoryThe first recorded use of fingerprints was by the ancient Assyrians and Chinese for the signing of legal documents. Probably the first modern study of fingerprints was made by the Czech physiologist Johannes Evangelista Purkinje, who in 1823 proposed a ......
109. Freedom of Speech History Introduction to Freedom of Speech HistoryThe modern concept of freedom of speech emerged gradually during the struggles of the Middle Ages. In England, for example, the struggle for freedom of speech extended from the 16th through the 18th centuries and was a vital part of the larger strugg......
110. Freedom of the Seas History Introduction to Freedom of the Seas HistoryDuring the Middle Ages, freedom of navigation on the high seas was curtailed by maritime powers that asserted territorial sovereignty over various bodies of water. Challenges by other countries to such claims increased markedly during the 16th and ......
111. Genocide History Introduction to Genocide HistoryGenocide has occurred since ancient times. When a group or a nation conquered another group, it was common practice to kill all the men-civilians and soldiers alike-of the conquered group. Well-known examples of such genocides include the widespread killings ......
112. Grand Jury History Introduction to Grand Jury HistoryThe institution of the grand jury has been important in history as a bulwark against tyranny. Despite the existence of the grand jury in England as far back as the 12th century, the Crown also enjoyed the right of initiating criminal prosecutions, and the a......
113. Intellectual Property History Intellectual Property: History of Intellectual Property LawIntroduction to Intellectual Property HistorySome forms of intellectual property, such as trademarks, date to ancient times. But comprehensive legal protection for intellectual property did not become common until the 18th ......
114. Landlord and Tenant History Introduction to Landlord and Tenant HistoryThe relationship between landlord and tenant created by the lease agreement had its origin in the feudal system of land tenure, under which all freehold lands, including fees, were held by a superior lord. All landholdings formed a chain of vassals......
115. NATO History North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO): History Early YearsIntroduction to NATO HistoryUntil 1950 NATO consisted primarily of a pledge by the United States to defend other members of the alliance under the terms of Article 5 of the treaty. However, there was no effective militar......
116. Pacifism History Introduction to Pacifism HistoryAlthough organized peace movements did not appear until the 19th century, the modern search for a means of preventing war began with the rise of nation-states at the end of the Middle Ages. In the 14th century Dante proposed a world empire to abolish war; in ......
117. Political Science History Political Science: History of the Discipline Origins and DevelopmentIntroduction to Political Science HistoryThe systematic study of politics dates to ancient times. The oldest legal and administrative code that survives in its entirety is the Code of Hammurabi, inscribed on a pill......
118. Public Health History Public Health History of Public HealthIntroduction to Public Health HistoryPeople in ancient societies were concerned about personal hygiene and sanitation for religious reasons. The Bible contains many rules for cleanliness, and describes public health measures still important tod......
119. Refugee History Introduction to Refugee HistoryThe UN definition of a refugee was developed following World War II. During that war millions of people were displaced by the fighting and by the Holocaust. But the concept of a refugee dates back much earlier. Throughout recorded history, oppression and disas......
120. Republicanism History Republic (government) Modern RepublicsIntroduction to Republicanism HistoryThe era of modern republicanism began with the American Revolution of 1776 and the French Revolution of 1789. Elements of republican government were present in the administrative institutions of the English ......