Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. Gray Market Goods In the United States For information about Gray market goods in the context of international trade, click here...
2. Common External Tariff Summary of Common External Tariff The uniform customs tariff applied by all the member states of a customs union or common market to imports from nonmember nations.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Common External Tariff and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT [...]...
3. Customs Trade Regulations Law of Similars and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Law of Similars: Regulations limiting importation of a product or altering its tariff treatment if a "similar" [...]...
4. Gray-market Adoption Description of Gray-market Adoption In this reference work, gray-market adoption is a sort of the Family law category. Resources See Also Private Adoption Family law...
5. Free Trade Area Summary of Free Trade Area An association of states that seeks to overcome impediments to trade among members by reducing or eliminating tariffs among the participants. The members of a free trade area do not maintain a common external tariff nor do they (usually) provide for the free flow [...]...
6. European Community European Community (EC) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of European Community (EC): (Previously known as the European Economic Community, or EEC; the term "European Communities" [...]...
7. Tariffs Introduction to Tariffs Tariff, tax levied by a government on imports and exports. The money collected from tariffs is called a customs duty. Although tariffs are a source of government revenue, tariffs are also used as part of political and economic policies. For example, import taxes protect [...]...
8. Czech-Slovak Customs Union Czech-Slovak Customs Union in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Czech-Slovak Customs Union: A customs union linking the Czech Republic and Slovakia, intended to preserve trade relations between [...]...
9. Import Licensing Import Licensing and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Import Licensing: Procedures requiring the submission of an application or other documentation (other than those [...]...
10. Customs Administration In the United States For information about Customs Administration in the context of international trade, click here...
11. Customs Brokers In the United States For information about Customs brokers in the context of international trade, click here...
12. Customs Bulletin In the United States For information about Customs Bulletin in the context of international trade, click here...
13. Customs Law Enforcement In the United States For information about Customs Law enforcement in the context of international trade, click here...
14. Customs Law Procedures In the United States For information about Customs Law Procedures in the context of international trade, click here...
15. Customs Meaning In the United States For information about Customs Meaning in the context of international trade, click here...
16. Customs Regulations In the United States For information about Customs Regulations in the context of international trade, click here...
17. Labor Advisory Committee Labor Advisory Committee (LAC) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Labor Advisory Committee (LAC): A policy-level committee that forms part of the private sector advisory system established by [...]...
18. Customs Law Rules In the United States For information about Customs Law Rules in the context of international trade, click here...
19. Customs Law ......
20. Southern African Customs Union Southern African Customs Union (SACU) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Southern African Customs Union (SACU): A customs union including Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa, and [...]...
21. Economic Union Summary of Economic Union Also known as an economic community, an advanced form of economic integration on the part of several states. The economic union incorporates the features of a Common market (read this and related legal terms for further details)—unrestricted free trade among [...]...
22. International Trade Organization International Trade Organization (ITO) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of International Trade Organization (ITO): (Not to be confused with Multilateral Trade "Organization, Sec. I). An [...]...
23. Social Dialogue Social dialogue in the International Trade Union Rights Area Definition of Social dialogue provided by ITUC-CSI-IGB: Discussion and co-operation between the social partners on matters of common interest, such as economic and social policy. Involves participation by the state where tripartism [...]...
24. Transaction Value The primary method of valuing goods for customs purposes under the Customs Valuation Agreement (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
25. Trade Bloc Trade Bloc and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Trade Bloc: A general term referring to regional arrangements among countries that have established formal mechanisms for [...]...
26. Customs Union Summary of Customs Union An arrangement among participating countries whereby tariffs are eliminated or virtually eliminated on products moving between members, and a common external tariff (read this and related legal terms for further details) is adopted to provide uniform treatment to [...]...
27. Import Law In the United States For information about Import Law in the context of international trade, click here...
28. Customs Clearance In the United States For information about Customs clearance in the context of international trade, click here...
29. Preferences Preferences and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Preferences: Special trade advantages granted by an importing country to certain trading partners, in contrast to [...]...
30. Customs Compliance In the United States For information about Customs Compliance in the context of international trade, click here...
31. Customs Violations In the United States For information about Customs violations in the context of international trade, click here...
32. Trade In the United States For information about Trade in the context of international trade, click here Trade and the Laws of International Trade Prohibited actions Export Administration System Trade and the Laws of International Trade Intent Export Administration System American Coasting Trade: [...]...
33. Economic Integration Summary of Economic Integration The process of unifying two or more national economies through conscious coordination of trade, fiscal, and monetary activities. Economic integration is normally preceded by the reduction or abolition of tariffs, quotas, and similar constraints upon trade [...]...
34. Tariff Schedule Tariff Schedule and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Tariff Schedule: A comprehensive list of the goods, which a country imports, and the import duties applicable to each [...]...
35. Goods Flow of Goods and Services In this global economy, the flow of goods and services across borders, otherwise known as trade, is a critical factor to the health and growth of a country’s economy. Yet many developing countries struggle with legal, institutional, and operational constraints that [...]...
36. Manufacturing In the United States For information about Manufacturing in the context of international trade, click here Resources See Also Industry Industrial Unionism Labor Law Industrial Disputes Business Law Resources See Also Further Reading Information about Manufacturing in the Encyclopedia of [...]...
37. Customs Legal Issues Customs were the original form of international commercial law. As we have seen in the history of lex mercatoria, the customs existed before any statute of commercial law was made and were often the basis for legislation.(1) Customs in International Trade Meaning of Customs, [...]...
38. Group of Seven Group of Seven (G- 7) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Group of Seven (G- 7): The seven leading industrial countries of the world: the United States, Japan, Germany, France, the United [...]...
39. Export Customs Clearance In the United States For information about Export Customs Clearance in the context of international trade, click here...
40. Merchandise In the United States For information about Merchandise in the context of international trade, click here...
41. Importer In the United States For information about Importer in the context of international trade, click here...
42. Customs Territory The geographical area of a country, its possessions, and surrounding waters within which the customs authority is empowered to impose duties and controls upon foreign merchandise entering therein. The customs territory need not necessarily incorporate all the territory over which a nation [...]...
43. Customs Tariff In the United States For information about Customs Tariff in the context of international trade, click here...
44. Informed Compliance In the United States For information about Informed Compliance in the context of international trade, click here...
45. Works Council Works council in the International Trade Union Rights Area Definition of Works council provided by ITUC-CSI-IGB: 1. A body elected to represent the interests of workers within a workplace through communication and consultation with the employer e.g. concerning working conditions and health and [...]...
46. Arab Mahgreb Union Arab Mahgreb Union (AMU) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Arab Mahgreb Union (AMU): A moribund common market including Algeria, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, and Tunisia. founded in 1989. [...]...
47. Market Definition Resources See Also Business Law Antitrust Laws...
48. Shop Steward Shop steward in the International Trade Union Rights Area Definition of Shop steward provided by ITUC-CSI-IGB: A union worker who represents the members of a union in dealings with the employer. Often elected by union members who work in the same establishment. Resources See Also Labor [...]...
49. Chicken War A protracted dispute between the United States and the European Economic Community arising from the adoption of Europe's COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY (read this and related legal terms for further details) on chicken i......
50. Trade Diversion The shift in purchases from sources outside a free-trade area (within which tariffs have been eliminated) to a union member, even though the cost of purchasing outside the union (before duty) is less than procuring from within. The absence of duty among members of the free- trade area more than [...]...
51. Rules-Oriented Trade Policy Rules-Oriented Trade Policy and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Rules-Oriented Trade Policy: An idealized approach to trade policy under which governments establish a set of rules for the [...]...
52. Customs Tariff Code In the United States For information about Customs Tariff Code in the context of international trade, click here...
53. Market Definition and Scope References See Also Business Law Antitrust Laws...
54. Trade Creation The substitution of lower- cost foreign goods for higher-cost domestic manufactures.......
55. Labor Law Glossary Most Popular Entries related to Labor Law Glossary Labor Law (in the World) Labor Law Outline (in the World) Labor Law Career (in the World) Labor Law Overtime (in the World) Child Labor Law (in the World) Labor Law Key Terms (in the World) Labor Law Glossary (in the World)...
56. Labor Relations Related Fields Related topics include: Labor Relations Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Industrial Relations Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Employment Relationship Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Trade Unionism Find this subject in [...]...
57. International Trade Commission For more details on United States International Trade Commission, click here.......
58. Central African Customs and Economic Union Central African Customs And Economic Union Central African Customs and Economic Union Outline The Central African Customs and Economic Union (CACEU or UDEAC: Union Douanier et Economique de l'Afrique Centrale) The union came into existence in 1966 pursuant to a treaty signed in 1964 by [...]...
59. CIS Economic Union CIS Economic Union in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of CIS Economic Union: A prospective customs union among most members of the Commonwealth of Independent States, intended to restore economic [...]...
60. Gray's Inn Resources See Also Inns of Court...
61. Gerald Gray Fitzmaurice Sir Gerald Gray Fitzmaurice (1901–1982): Life and Work Within the context of international law, this section explores the context, historical significance and the main work of Sir Gerald Gray Fitzmaurice (1901–1982).1901-1 982. Legal Adviser, U.K. Foreign Office, 1953-1960. Member, I.L.C. [...]...
62. Customs Definition In the United States For information about Customs Definition in the context of international trade, click here...
63. Customs Law Definition In the United States For information about Customs Law Definition in the context of international trade, click here...
64. Informed Compliance Definition In the United States For information about Informed Compliance Definition in the context of international trade, click here...
65. Market Disruption A condition in which foreign imports of a given product increase in quantity so rapidly as to cause, or threaten to cause, material injury to a competing domestic industry. A finding of market disruption before the International Trade Commission may result in retaliatory actions against the [...]...
66. Grey Market Grey Market in International Trade Meaning of Grey Market, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A situation that consists of unauthorized traders buying and selling a company's product in different countries. Companies confronted with a grey situation can [...]...
67. Genocide Definition Introduction to Genocide DefinitionGenocide, crime of destroying or conspiring to destroy a group of people because of their ethnic, national, racial, or religious identity. Raphael Lemkin, a Polish legal scholar, coined the term in 1944 to describe Nazi Germany's annihilation of groups......
68. Market Market Reserve Policies and International Trade Resources See Also Economy Economic System Legal System Capitalism Resources See Also Law of Similars...
69. Common Market Summary of Common Market A supranational organization of trading nations, created to promote economic collaboration and minimize constraints on the free movement of goods among the member states. Features of a common market include elimination of tariffs on goods moving between member [...]...
70. Market Access Summary of Market Access The degree of participation in the domestic market that a nation allows to foreign suppliers. Tariffs, quotas, and similar protective devices are devices imposed to limit market access. (Main Author: William J. Miller) Market Access and National Treatment in the [...]...
71. Market Failure Market Imperfections or Market Failure and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Market Imperfections or Market Failure: Often refers to two sources of departure from perfect competition, i.e., [...]...
72. Market Structure Market Structure and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Market Structure: Refers to the structure of an industry or market, as reflected in the number and size distribution of sellers and buyers, [...]...
73. Market Power Market Power and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Market Power: The ability of an individual firm to exert control over prices prevailing in the markets for its products or services. The highest [...]...
74. Market Performance Market Performance and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Market Performance: The principal focus of competition policy, market performance refers to the degree to which a particular industry or [...]...
75. Central American Common Market Summary of Central American Common Market A free trade area among the nations of Central America, established in 1960 by a treaty between El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua. The common market began operations in 1961, and Costa Rica joined the group in 1962. Honduras dropped [...]...
76. Arab Common Market Arab Common Market Outline The ACM came into existence in 1965, pursuant to an agreement signed in 1964 by the Arab League states. Its initial members included Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Libya, Mauritania, Palestine Liberation Organisation, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, United Arab Emirates, Yeme......
77. Caribbean Community and Common Market Caribbean Community and Common Market (CARICOM), organization established in 1973 to promote regional unity and to coordinate economic and foreign policy among Caribbean nations. Member countries include Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Belize, Dominica, G......
78. Southern Common Market Southern Common Market in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Southern Common Market: Mercado Common del Sur (MERCOSUR) or Mercado Comum do Sui (MERCOSUL). A common market including Argentina, [...]...
79. Islamic Common Market Islamic Common Market in International Trade Resources See Also Economic Cooperation Organization....
80. Caribbean-Canadian Common Market Caribbean-Canadian Common Market (CARIBCAN) and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Caribbean-Canadian Common Market (CARIBCAN): A non-reciprocal preferential [...]...
81. Market Access Negotiations Market Access Negotiations and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Market Access Negotiations: In the context of the Uruguay Round as well as bilateral trade negotiations, [...]...
82. Brussels Definition Of Value A system for the valuation of imports for the application of ad valorem duties, adopted in 1953 following attempts to establish a European customs union. The European Customs Union Study Group submitted to the contracting states the Convention on the Valuation of Goods for Customs Purposes, along w......
83. Territory Definition Legal Issues'Territory' has vital importance in international law. A state does not have a statehood if it does not have a territory. 'Territory' refers to a definite, although sometimes disputable, boundary or demarcation of a state's frontier on the surface of the eart......
84. Treaty Definition Legal IssuesTreaty can perhaps be understood in two different senses. In a narrower sense, it refers to an international agreement entered into between states; in a wider sense, it refers to international agreements not only between states, but also between a state and an inter-national org......
85. Terrorism Definition ContentsTerrorism DefinitionIntroduction to the Problems of the Terrorism DefinitionControversy in Defining TerrorismIn the United NationsIn the European UnionIn the United ... Read more...
86. Taxation Definition Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Taxation Definition) ...
87. Mediation Definition Mediation......
88. Natural Law Definition ContentsNatural Law DefinitionResourcesNotesSee Also Natural Law Definition The natural-law school of thought emphasizes that law should be based on a ... Read more...
89. Common Law Definition ContentsCommon Law DefinitionThe Common Law: Property, Torts, and ContractsHistorical PerspectiveResourcesNotesSee AlsoFurther Reading Common Law Definition The term “common law” is ... Read more...
90. Administrative Law Definition ContentsAdministrative Law DefinitionThe Future of Administrative LawResourcesNotes and ReferencesSee AlsoFurther Reading Administrative Law Definition Administrative law refers to the body ... Read more...
91. Consumer Law Definition Most Popular Entries related to Consumer Law Definition Consumer Law (in the World) Consumer Law Definition (in the World) Consumer Lawyer (in the World) Consumer Law Questions (in the World) Consumer Law Outline (in the World) Consumer Rights Law (in the World) Consumer Law Cases (in [...]...
92. Employment Law Definition Most Popular Entries related to Employment Law Definition Employment Law (in the World) Employment Law Cases (in the World) Employment Law Definition (in the World) Employment Law Discrimination (in the World) Employment Law Advice (in the World) Employment Law Outline (in the World)...
93. Juvenile Law Definition Most Popular Entries related to Juvenile Law Definition Juvenile Law (in the World) Juvenile Law Outline (in the World) Juvenile Law Definition (in the World) Juvenile Law Breakers (in the World) Juvenile Law and Order (in the World) Juvenile Law Enforcement (in the World)...
94. Law Enforcement Definition Most Popular Entries related to Law Enforcement Definition Law Enforcement (in the World) Law Enforcement Careers (in the World) Law Enforcement Definition (in the World) Law Enforcement Officers (in the World) Law Enforcement Agency (in the World) History of Law Enforcement (in the World)...
95. Municipal Law Definition Most Popular Entries related to Municipal Law Definition Municipal Law (in the World) Municipal Law Handbook (in the World) Municipal Lawyer (in the World) Municipal Enforcement (in the World) Municipal Law Definition (in the World) Municipal Water Law (in the World) Municipal Law [...]...
96. Probate Definition Most Popular Entries related to Probate Definition Wills Trusts and Probate (in the World) Information Wills Probate (in the World) Legal Questions Trusts (in the World) Legal Questions Wills (in the World) Legal Advice Probate (in the World) Legal Advice Trusts (in the World) Changing [...]...
97. Securities Law Definition Most Popular Entries related to Securities Law Definition Securities Law (in the World) Securities Law Definition (in the World) Securities Law Career (in the World) Securities Law Overview (in the World) Securities Law Firms (in the World) Securities Law Directive (in the World) [...]...
98. Islamic Law Definition ContentsIslamic Law DefinitionIslamic Law DefinitionIslamic Law in a Changing WorldResourcesFurther Reading Islamic Law Definition Islamic Law Definition For a definition ... Read more...
99. Treaties Definition Embracing mainstream international law, this section on treaties definition explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "treaties, definition" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law [...]...
100. Transnational Law Definition Related Work and Conclusions Resources See Also References (Papers) Ethics In International Arbitration: A Critical Examination Of The Lcia General Guidelines For The Parties' Legal Representatives, Vincent S. Dattilo, Jun 2017 "Local Data" In European Choice Of Law: A Trojan [...]...
101. Definition Resources See Also Language Legal English Language Policy Language Law...
102. Definition of Trade Union Definition of trade union in the International Trade Union Rights Area Definition of Definition of trade union provided by ITUC-CSI-IGB: Resources Trade Union Topics Trade Union Act Trades Union Congress (TUC) Trade Union Density Definition of Trade Union Socialist Coalition Socialist Party [...]...
103. Definition of Foreign State Definition of "foreign State" in the Fsia in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): On October 4, 2011, the United States filed an amicus brief in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit [...]...
104. Criminal Procedure Definition Most Popular Entries related to Criminal Procedure Definition Procedure Criminal Law (in the World) Criminal Procedure Law Practice (in the World) Criminal Procedure Outline (in the World) Criminal Procedure Definition (in the World) Criminal Procedure Laws (in the World)...
105. Estate Planning Definition Most Popular Entries related to Estate Planning Definition Estate Planning (in the World) Estate Planning Checklist (in the World) Estate Planning Trusts (in the World) Estate Planning Basics (in the World) Estate Planning Documents (in the World) Estate Planning Books (in the World) [...]...
106. Legal Definition Zoning Most Popular Entries related to Legal Definition Zoning Zoning (in the World) Zoning Ordinance (in the World) Zoning Laws (in the World) Zoning Definitions (in the World) Legal Definition Zoning (in the World) Zoning Law Practice (in the World)...
107. Workers Compensation Definition Most Popular Entries related to Workers Compensation Definition Workers Compensation Lawyers (in the World) Workers Compensation Laws (in the World) Workers Compensation Exemption (in the World) Settlement Amount for Workers Compensation Injuries (in the World) Workers Compensation [...]...
108. Workers Compensation Law Definition Most Popular Entries related to Workers Compensation Law Definition Workers Compensation Law (in the World) Workers Compensation (in the World) Workers Compensation Insurance (in the World) Workers Compensation Definition (in the World) Workers Compensation Settlements (in the World) [...]...
109. Market Value Embracing mainstream international law, this section on market value explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "market value" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law (currently, the [...]...
110. At the Market Resources See Also Market order...
111. Market-Inalienability ContentsMarket-InalienabilityConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these Entries Market-Inalienability   Margaret Jane Radin   Things that ... Read more...
112. Black Market Black Market Definition Black Market is the term designating the illicit sale of commodities in violation of government rationing and price-fixing. The term originated in Europe during World War I, when the introduction of rationing in belligerent countries tempted some persons with access [...]...
113. Central Market A spot commodity market that serves as a national or regional center of trading activity, and often large-scale distribution of the products as well. Transactions are usually performed by dealers who serve as intermediary brokers between buyers and sellers.......
114. Fair Market Value The value an imported product would fetch, under similar circumstances of sale, were the goods sold in the country of origin. Customs authorities are usually interested in the fair market value of imported merchandise inasmuch as sales below such value may serve as the basis of a Dumping (...
115. Free Market The economic system of a nation in which market forces determine which goods and services are produced, and at what price they are offered. Free market economies do not contain substantial government controls on resource availability, price levels, or central planning of economic objectives.......
116. Interbank Market A market for the purchase and sale in the spot and forward markets for foreign exchange among major commercial banks. Very often, these banks will offer to purchase or sell exchange through brokers, thereby initially protecting the identity of the market participants in a given currency at a point i......
117. Primary Market A spot commodity market dealing in a local producing area. Ordinarily such markets develop around local transportation centers.......
118. Single Market Summary of Single Market A component feature of the Common Agricultural policy (read this and related legal terms for further details) of the European Economic Community.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Single Market and Europe There is an entry on single market in the European [...]...
119. Spot Market A market for commodities or currency in which the sale results in an immediate or nearly immediate exchange of the goods or instruments for cash, as compared with a futures market, which trades in contracts for the future delivery of the product.......
120. Bonds Market Bonds in this SectionBondHow Bonds WorkTypes of BondsIssu......