Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. Geneva Trade Conference Detais can be found in General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade).......
2. Geneva Round Detais can be found in General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade).......
3. International law index G Contents International law index G   Gab?à­kovo-Nagymaros Case (Hungary/Slovakia) Gacaca Courts Gali? Case Ganges River GATT and the Goods Council ... Read more...
4. Havana Charter Detais can be found in General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade).......
5. Torquay Round Detais can be found in General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade).......
6. International organizations articles of conventions Contents International Organizations articles of conventions Agreement Establishing the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development 29.5.1990 Convention Establishing the Multilateral ... Read more...
7. Aircraft Agreement A product of the Tokyo Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations, the Aircraft Agreement (known officially as the Agreement on Trade in Civil Aircraft) provides that sales of civil aircraft will be free of duty, effective January 1, 1980. The agreement also provides duty-free treatment for flight sim......
8. GATT Digital Archive: 1947 – 1994 Contents GATT Digital Archive: 1947 – 1994 Project Overview The Stanford University Libraries embarked on a multi-year project to capture ... Read more...
9. Reciprocal Trade Agreements Program An act of Congress which authorized the president to reduce tariffs in exchange for like concessions by trading partners. The Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act of 1934, enacted as an amendment to the Smoot-Hawley Act (read thi......
10. List of international public law topics Contents List of international public law topics This is a comprehensive list of entries dealing with public international law, including ... Read more...
11. Agreement on Government Procurement A multilateral agreement, arising out of the Tokyo Round of trade discussions, which significantly opens government procurement bids to foreign suppliers. Signatory nations are obliged to publish openly invitations to bid, and to apply the same criteria in selecting contractors to national [...]...
12. GATS, general average and others GATS: General Agreement on Trade in Services. GATT 1947: General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade of 1947. GATT 1994: General ... Read more...
13. Freely Offered Goods offered in the normal course of trade to all buying on essentially the same basis, e.g., with like prices, terms, discounts, et cetera. Under prior valuation schemes, the value at which the goods were "freely offered" served as the basis for the assessment of customs duties; this con......
14. Kennedy Round A series of international trade discussions commencing in Geneva in May 1964, under the auspices of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (read about the GATT for further details). The discussions were prompted by ......
15. Preferential Tariffs In the United States For information about Preferential tariffs in the context of international trade, click here...
16. German Democratic Republic Resources See Also Legal System Country Jurisdiction Immigration Consulate...
17. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade Part 2 Contents General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade Part 2   11 The United States/European Communities Biotech Products Case: Opportunity for ... Read more...
18. MPEPIL: Public Law: G Contents MPEPIL: Encyclopedia of Public Law: G   Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (MPEPIL): Articles listed alphabetically View ... Read more...
19. Multilateral Agreement Multilateral Agreement in International Trade Meaning of Multilateral Agreement, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A international agreement involving three or more parties. For example, the GATT (General Agreement o Tariffs and Trade) has been, since its [...]...
20. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 17 Contents General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade   Article XIV Exceptions to the Rule of Non-discrimination 1. A contracting party ... Read more...
21. Gats Gats in International Trade Meaning of Gats, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The General Agreement on Trade Services is a World Trade Organization agreement that is the first multilateral agreement provide legally enforceable rules covering all [...]...
22. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 4 Contents General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade   Section C 13. If a contracting party coming within the scope of ... Read more...
23. GATT Accession GATT Accession Summary of GATT Detais can be found in General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade). Accession Process The process was described by Christopher Mark in 1993: "Joining the GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS AND TRADE is rarely a simple or straightforward matter --especially if the [...]...
24. Multilateral Trade Negotiations Negotiations among many nations acting in concert for the purpose of reducing trade barriers. Since the inception of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (read about the GATT for further details). in 1947, the mos......
25. Tariffs Introduction to Tariffs Tariff, tax levied by a government on imports and exports. The money collected from tariffs is called a customs duty. Although tariffs are a source of government revenue, tariffs are also used as part of political and economic policies. For example, import taxes protect [...]...
26. German Translation Section German Translation Section Further ReadingA concise encyclopedia of the United Nations (including German Translation Section , H Volger, KA Annan -2010) The Oxford Handbook on the United Nations (TG Weiss - 2007) International Law: A Dictionary (including German Translation Section , Boczek, [...]...
27. German External Debts Case Embracing mainstream international law, this section on german external debts case explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "german external debts case" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of [...]...
28. German Settlers in Poland Case Embracing mainstream international law, this section on german settlers in poland case explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "german settlers in poland case" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary [...]...
29. Trade and Commercial Relations conventions Contents Trade and Commercial Relations international conventions Trade and Commercial Relations multilateral conventions General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (1947) ... Read more...
30. Border Tax Adjustments A refund or rebate of indirect taxes on merchandise, such as sales or value added taxes, when the goods are exported. Such rebates are authorized under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade ("https://lawin.org/General-Agreement-on-Tariffs-and-Trade/">read about the GATT [...]...
31. Customs Cooperation Council An international organization established for the purpose of harmonizing the customs procedures and techniques of member countries. The agency is concerned with the mechanics of customs administration and is not involved in matters relating to tariff levels or similar substantive economic [...]...
32. History of Foreign Trade until the 20th Century Contents History of Foreign Trade until the 20th Century Although foreign trade was an important part of ancient and medieval ... Read more...
33. Ordinary Course Of Trade A concept routinely applied in customs valuation that holds that the dutiable value of goods is the price at which they would normally sell if customary channels of distribution were observed. For example, where it was industry practice for a product to be sold directly by a manufacturer to an end u......
34. Geneva Gas Protocol Embracing mainstream international law, this section on geneva gas protocol explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "geneva gas protocol" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law [...]...
35. Gentleman's Agreements Contents Gentleman’s Agreements • Dominate mode of distributing securities is through underwriters in investment banking. • Underwriters distribute securities to ... Read more...
36. Other provisions Contents Other provisions of the United Nations Charter See: ? Charter of the United Nations ? UN: Purposes, principles and ... Read more...
37. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 5 Contents General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade   Section D 22. A contracting party coming within the scope of sub-paragraph ... Read more...
38. Outline of International economic laws Contents Outline of International economic laws I. Overview a. Intl Economic law is how each government’s regulations affect the market. ... Read more...
39. Standards Agreement Officially, the Agreement on Technical Barriers of Trade, an understanding among trading nations arising from the Tokyo Round of trade negotiations, signed at Geneva in April 1979, with the object of eliminating so-called technical barriers to trade. U. S. participation in the agreement is authorize......
40. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 14 Contents General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade   Article IX Marks of Origin 1. Each contracting party shall accord to ... Read more...
41. Dillon Round A series of multinational trade discussions conducted during 1960-1962 under the sponsorship of the general agreement of tariffs and Trade (read this and related legal terms for further details). The principal result of ......
42. Agreement Relating to the Implementation of Part XI of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 5 Contents Agreement Relating to the Implementation of Part XI of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea ... Read more...
43. Geneva Conventions Part 1 Contents Geneva Conventions Part 1   1 First Colloquium on International humanitarian law and International Criminal Law : “The Geneva ... Read more...
44. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 18 Contents General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade   Article XVI Subsidies Section A–Subsidies in General 1. If any contracting party ... Read more...
45. Conventions: Chronological Index Contents International conventions: Chronological Index See also Conventions: Chronological Index 1951-1970 and Conventions: Chronological Index: 1971-1990 Conventions before 1899 Treaty ... Read more...
46. GATT Round GATT Round and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of GATT Round: A cycle of multilateral trade negotiations conducted under the auspices of the GATT. Each Round has constituted a [...]...
47. Confidentiality Agreement Confidentiality Agreement in International Trade Meaning of Confidentiality Agreement, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A type of contract used to protect sensitive technical or commercial information from disclosure to others. Such agreement is often [...]...
48. German–soviet Pact Embracing mainstream international law, this section on german–soviet pact explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "german–soviet pact" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law [...]...
49. Multimodal Transport The movement of goods by more than one mode, or type, of transport, for example, a movement by truck to a pier, then by ship to a foreign port, and finally by rail to the customer.......
50. Exempted Company A company exempted from income taxes of the jurisdiction in which it is organized in return for a stipulation by the company that it will not trade in that country.......
51. Geneva Protocol on the Pacific Settlement of Disputes Embracing mainstream international law, this section on geneva protocol on the pacific settlement of disputes explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "geneva protocol on the pacific settlement of disputes" in [...]...
52. Tariff (Customs) A document issued by a nation's customs authority principally for the purpose of specifying rates of duty to be applied on various imported products. A tariff customarily also includes quantitative restrictions (quotas) upon certain imports, preferential duties on products imported from specifie......
53. International trade law Part 23 Contents International Trade law Part 23   245 DISCIPLINING GLOBALIZATION: INTERNATIONAL LAW, ILLEGAL TRADE, AND THE CASE OF NARCOTICS Chantal ... Read more...
54. Hague Agreement Concerning The International Deposit Of Industrial Designs An international agreement that provides protection for industrial designs in all contracting states, usually by means of a single application. In the case of registrations affecting Egypt, France, German Democratic Republic, German Federal Republic, Holy See, Indonesia, Liechtenstein, Monaco, Moro......
55. International Patent Classification Agreement A system for the classification of patents, created to promote uniformity in classifying technological innovations. The International Patent Classification System segments technology into eight categories, with a total of 52,000 subdivisions, each of which consists of Roman letters and Arabic numer......
56. United States Trade Representative An office, with ambassadorial rank, created by Congress to direct U.S. trade negotiations during the Kennedy and Tokyo Rounds. Known previously as the special trade representative and the special representative for trade negotiations, the office was reorganized with expanded powers by Executive [...]...
57. Columbia Law Review Columbia Law Review Published by: Columbia Law Review Association, Inc. Founded in 1901, the Columbia Law Review is a leader ... Read more...
58. Freer Trade History of Commercial Treaties: Freer TradeHopeful omens, however, began to appear. In 1934 the United States passed the Reciprocal Trade Agreement, by which the president was empowered to lower import duties on a country's goods if that country reciprocated. The United States thereby m......
59. Freight Tariff Not Otherwise Specified (NOS) in International Trade Meaning of Not Otherwise Specified (NOS), according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): This expression and abbreviation is often applied to air freight tariffs, indicates that the rate stated in the tariff applies [...]...
60. International Road Transportation Convention International Road Transportation Convention in International Trade Meaning of International Road Transportation Convention, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The Convention on the Contract for the International Carriage by Road was adopted in Geneva in [...]...
61. International Court of Justice Part 24 Contents International Court of Justice Part 24   418 DRAFT CONVENTION ON JURISDICTION AND RECOGNITION OF JUDGMENTS IN INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ... Read more...
62. Improper Inducement A payment or remission in violation of law, tariffs, or industry practice, provided by a transportation company to a shipper in order to obtain business. Inducements may take the form of bribes, unauthorized rebates of freight paid, absorption of demurrage charges, or excessive entertainment of comp......
63. Affiliate Company Definition of Affiliate Company in International Trade The following is a concept of Affiliate Company in the context of international trade law, from the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A Company that is less than 50% owned by a parent company; the parents acts as [...]...
64. Basel Convention Basel Convention in International Trade Meaning of Basel Convention, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A multilateral environmental agreement dealing with hazardous waste. Embracing mainstream international law, this section on basel convention explores [...]...
65. Subsidiary Subsidiary or Subordinate Election Management Body in Election Law An Election Management Body (EMB) that is not the primary or principal entity responsible for the organisation of elections within a given state. It may be regional or local. Subsidiary in International Trade Meaning of [...]...
66. Capacity to Contract Capacity to Contract • Barriers to Contract--you either have the right to contract or not ? Analogous to Civil Procedure: either have standing or not. ? Constitutional Law: citizenship barriers. Graded (resident aliens, etc..), but sets up right to 'enter' legal system vs. not. [...]...
67. Geneva Convention (II) 2 Contents Geneva Convention (II)   Chapter VIII Repression of Abuses and Infractions Article 50 The High Contracting Parties undertake to ... Read more...
68. General Agreements To Borrow An arrangement among the GROUP OF TEN (read this and related legal terms for further details) nations to provide supplemental financing to the International Monetary Fund (...
69. German Law History of the Anglo-German Naval Agreement, 1935 The following commentary about Anglo-German Naval Agreement, 1935 in the Churchill Era is produced by the Churchill College (Cambridge): Agreement signed on 18 June 1935, fixing the size in tonnage of the German Navy (Kriegsmarine) as 35 [...]...
70. Licensor Licensor in International Trade Meaning of Licensor, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A person or a company with exclusive legal rights over a thing that gives, sells or otherwise surrenders to another a limited right to use that thing. The person [...]...
71. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 10 Contents General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade   Article XXXVII Commitments 1. The developed contracting parties shall to the fullest ... Read more...
72. European Energy Charter   PART I DEFINITIONS AND PURPOSE ARTICLE 1 DEFINITIONS As used in this Treaty: (1) "Charter"means the European Energy Charter adopted in the Concluding Document of the Hague Conference on the European Energy Charter signed at The Hague on 17 December 1991; signature of the [...]...
73. General Order A condition imposed upon merchandise that is imported into the customs territory of the United States but that is not promptly cleared through customs. General order merchandise is deposited in an approved warehouse pending disposition. Section 127 of the Customs Regulations governs the [...]...
74. Offshore Finance Company Synonymous with Foreign Base Finance Company (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
75. Tokyo Round The seventh, and latest, round of multilateral trade negotiations sponsored by the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (read about the GATT for further details). Running from 1973 to 1979, the Tokyo Round resulted in......
76. Most Favoured Nation Treatment Most Favoured Nation Treatment (MFN) in International Trade Meaning of Most Favoured Nation Treatment (MFN), according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A non discriminatory trade policy commitment on the part of one country to extend to another country the lowest [...]...
77. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 9 Contents General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade   Article XXXI Withdrawal Without prejudice to the provisions of paragraph 12 of ... Read more...
78. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 3 Contents General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade   Section B 8. The contracting parties recognize that contracting parties coming within ... Read more...
79. List of German Reports Contents List of Reports, Germany AbfG — Abfallgesetz   ABIKR — Amtsblatt des Kontrollrats in Deutschland   ABLHK — Amtsblatt ... Read more...
80. Subpart F A provision of the Internal Revenue Code (Sections 951-64) that imposes U.S. income taxes on the undistributed earnings of "controlled foreign corporations." Subpart F was incorporated into the Code by the Revenue Act of 1962; prior to that time, earnings by foreign subsidiaries of U.S. fi......
81. Holding Company Holding Company in International Trade Meaning of Holding Company, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Holding companies are corporations that are created for the sole purpose of obtaining and managing a controlling interest in other companies. There are [...]...
82. German Concentration Camps Contents German Concentration Camps Concentration Camps, 1933–1939 Concentration camps (Konzentrationslager; abbreviated as KL or KZ) were an integral feature of ... Read more...
83. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 12 Contents General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade   Article V Freedom of Transit 1. Goods (including baggage), and also vessels ... Read more...
84. Crime: International Conventions Contents Crime: International Conventions Convention on the Marking of Plastic Explosives for the Purpose of Detection 1.3.1991 International Convention against ... Read more...
85. Geneva Convention (III) 6 Contents Geneva Convention (III)   ARTICLE 141 The situations provided for in Articles 2 and 3 shall give immediate effect ... Read more...
86. European Free Trade Association Summary of European Free Trade Association A free trade area consisting of seven European countries among which tariffs and quantitative restrictions on industrial imports have been eliminated. Established in 1960 by the Stockholm Convention, EFTA originally included Austria, Denmark, [...]...
87. New York Convention On The Recognition And Enforcement Of Foreign Arbitral Awards Enforcement Of Foreign Arbitral Awards. An international convention that emerged on June 10, 1958, at the conclusion of the United Nations Conference on International Commercial Arbitration. The convention establishes principles and procedures for the arbitration of international commercial disputes......
88. Dictionary of Historical German Legal Terms Contents Dictionary of Historical German Legal Terms (DWR) “The legal dictionary is a mighty tree, the trunk of which stands ... Read more...
89. Sister Company Sister Company in International Trade Meaning of Sister Company, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A sister company is a company with close affiliations to another company with a separate name and personnel. Both companies are owned by the same parent and [...]...
90. Austro-german Customs Union Case Embracing mainstream international law, this section on austro-german customs union case explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "austro-german customs union case" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic [...]...
91. German Concentration Camp System German Concentration Camp System German authorities under National Socialism established a variety of detention facilities to confine those whom they ... Read more...
92. Trade law Part 22 Contents Trade law Part 22   227 Rethinking unconscionable conduct under the Trade Practices Act Peter Strickland Australian Business Law ... Read more...
93. European Patent System A series of agreements among European states, the object of which is harmonized patent laws and regulations. The system includes the following agreements: European Patent Convention, also known as the Munich Patent Convention, and the Convention on Granting of European Patents, provides patent prot......
94. Madrid Agreement Concerning The International Registration Of Marks An international agreement under which the owner of a trademark or service mark can secure protection for his mark in all the states adhering to the convention by means of a single application. To enjoy protection under the convention, the applicant must be a national or resident of, or have a plac......
95. Brokerage Agreement Brokerage Agreement in International Trade Meaning of Brokerage Agreement, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A type or contract, whereby a person or company acts as a sales agent on behalf of the exporting company (principal), introducing its products to [...]...
96. Polish Agrarian Reform and German Minority Case Embracing mainstream international law, this section on polish agrarian reform and german minority case explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "polish agrarian reform and german minority case" in the Parry [...]...
97. Rights of German Minorities in Upper Silesia Case Embracing mainstream international law, this section on rights of german minorities in upper silesia case explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "german minorities in upper silesia, rights of, case" in the [...]...
98. Case of the Access to German Minority Schools in Upper Silesia Embracing mainstream international law, this section on case of the access to german minority schools in upper silesia explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "german minority schools in upper silesia, access, [...]...
99. Germany Legal Materials: The blue pages of the Bluebook provide an overview of key primary legal materials. Also check out German Business and Commercial Laws: Guide to Translations into English and Select Auxiliary Sources by Martina Kammer and Anne Scharrenberg and/or Legal Research [...]...
100. Georgia Georgia in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): In 2011, the United States continued to support the Geneva Discussions and the efforts of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe [...]...
101. Georgian Resources See Also Legal System Country Jurisdiction Immigration Consulate...
102. Germany Federal Republic Resources See Also Legal System Country Jurisdiction Immigration Consulate...
103. International Legal Sources of Information Contents International Legal Sources of Information In Argentina According to B. Luz Clara, in Argentina, “the best example of Documentary ... Read more...
104. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) GATT was a series of multi-lateral treaties -- and an organization of the same name -- designed to regulate trade between the member nations. Definition of General Agreement On Tariffs And Trade In accordance with the work A Dictionary of Law, [...]...
105. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 11 Contents General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade   PART II Article III National Treatment on Internal Taxation and Regulation 1. ... Read more...
106. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 15 Contents General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade   Article XI General Elimination of Quantitative Restrictions 1. No prohibitions or restrictions ... Read more...
107. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 16 Contents General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade   Article XIII Non-discriminatory Administration of Quantitative Restrictions 1. No prohibition or restriction ... Read more...
108. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 6 Contents General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade   Article XXI Security Exceptions Nothing in this Agreement shall be construed (a) ... Read more...
109. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 7 Contents General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade   Article XXV Joint Action by the Contracting Parties 1. Representatives of the ... Read more...
110. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 8 Contents General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade   Article XXVIII bis Tariff Negotiations 1. The contracting parties recognize that customs ... Read more...
111. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade resources Contents General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) / World Trade Organization (WTO) resources Legal texts index A-Z Agreement Establishing ... Read more...
112. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade Part 1 Contents General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade Part 1   1 The Consistency of the European Union Renewable Energy Directive ... Read more...
113. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade Part 3 Contents General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade Part 3   15 The Asbestos Case at the World Trade Organization: The ... Read more...
114. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 13 Contents General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade   Article VII Valuation for Customs Purposes 1. The contracting parties recognize the ... Read more...
115. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 2 Hello Contents General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade   Article XVIII Governmental Assistance to Economic Development 1. The contracting parties ... Read more...
116. Geneva Convention (I) 3 Contents Geneva Convention (I)   CHAPTER III Medical Units and Establishments Art. 19. Fixed establishments and mobile medical units of ... Read more...
117. Geneva Convention (II) Contents Geneva Convention (II)   Chapter I General Provisions Article 1 The High Contracting Parties undertake to respect and to ... Read more...
118. Geneva Convention (II) 2 Contents Geneva Convention (II)   Article 9 The provisions of the present Convention constitute no obstacle to the humanitarian activities ... Read more...
119. Geneva Convention (II) 3 Contents Geneva Convention (II)   Article 20 Parties to the conflict shall ensure that burial at sea of the dead, ... Read more...
120. Geneva Convention (III) Contents Geneva Convention (III)   Part I General Provisions Article 1 The High Contracting Parties undertake to respect and to ... Read more...