Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. GATT Round GATT Round and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of GATT Round: A cycle of multilateral trade negotiations conducted under the auspices of the GATT. Each Round has constituted a [...]...
2. Assimilation Assimilation and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Assimilation: A term referring to national treatment in the protection of industrial property. SeeParis Convention....
3. Rebalancing Rebalancing and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Rebalancing: A term used in GATT agriculture negotiations, referring to the ability to shift import protection from one [...]...
4. Plurilateral Plurilateral and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Plurilateral: In GATT parlance, refers to a consultation or negotiating session involving more than two countries [...]...
5. Upstream Subsidization Upstream Subsidization and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Upstream Subsidization: An "indirect export subsidy," whereby a producer benefiting from a government [...]...
6. Multilateral Trade Negotiations Negotiations among many nations acting in concert for the purpose of reducing trade barriers. Since the inception of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (read about the GATT for further details). in 1947, the mos......
7. Less-Developed Countries Less-Developed Countries Less-Developed Countries (LDCs) and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Less-Developed Countries (LDCs): An alternative term for developing countries. [...]...
8. Ministerial Declaration Ministerial Declaration and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Ministerial Declaration: A decision by trade ministers of GATT members to launch a GATT Round of multilateral [...]...
9. Forum Shopping Forum Shopping and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Forum Shopping: Refers to the ability of countries to take advantage of differing procedures fordispute settlement under [...]...
10. Track Track I and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Track I: Designation for consolidated negotiating activities in the final phase of the Uruguay Roundconcerning market access in goods....
11. Disciplines Disciplines and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Disciplines: In GATT parlance, refers to members' substantive obligations undertaken by members to refrain from [...]...
12. Uruguay Round Uruguay Round and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Uruguay Round: The eighth GAIT Round, launched in 1986 with 105 countries participating, and extended in December 1990 [...]...
13. Concessions Schedule of Concessions and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Schedule of Concessions: A list of import duties applicable to specific goods which a GATT Contracting Party [...]...
14. Functioning of the GATT System Functioning of the GATT System (FOGS) and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Functioning of the GATT System (FOGS): Designation for a negotiating group in the Uruguay Round [...]...
15. Entities Entities and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Entities: In the context of the GATT Government Procurement Code, refers to government departments or ministries and their [...]...
16. Tariff Rates Column 2 Rates and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Column 2 Rates: US tariff rates assessed on imports from countries not receiving most- favored-nationtreatment. Most [...]...
17. Market Access Negotiations Market Access Negotiations and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Market Access Negotiations: In the context of the Uruguay Round as well as bilateral trade negotiations, [...]...
18. Customs Value Customs Value and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Customs Value: A method of valuing imported goods which excludes shipping costs from the final price....
19. Procedural Protectionism Procedural Protectionism and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Procedural Protectionism: Abusive administration of import control procedures allowed under GATT (especially [...]...
20. Normal Value Normal Value and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Normal Value: An alternative term for fair value....
21. Export Guarantees Export Guarantees and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Export Guarantees: Assurances by an exporter's government that financing provided by a private lender will be [...]...
22. Protocol of Provisional Application Protocol of Provisional Application and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Protocol of Provisional Application: The legal device that enabled the original Contracting Parties [...]...
23. User Fee User Fee and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of User Fee: A fee for a service --such as the provision of customs operations by the government of the importing country [...]...
24. Anticircumvention Duty Anticircumvention Duty and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Anticircumvention Duty: A term used by the European Community for penalty charges imposed on the output of [...]...
25. Automaticity Automaticity and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Automaticity: In GATT negotiations on dispute settlement procedures, refers to proposals to have reports of dispute panels [...]...
26. Nontariff Measures Nontariff Measures (NTMs) and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Nontariff Measures (NTMs): A broader term than NTBs, including not only import-restricting barriers but also [...]...
27. Standstill Standstill and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Standstill: A commitment undertaken at the outset of a GATT negotiation to refrain .from legislating or implementing new [...]...
28. Negotiating Group Negotiating Group and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Negotiating Group: A group of country delegates in a GATT Round charged with planning and managing multilateral [...]...
29. Reverse Consensus Reverse Consensus and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Reverse Consensus: A proposed modification of the GATT dispute settlement procedures establishing the principle that [...]...
30. GATT Codes GATT Codes and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of GATT Codes: Agreements negotiated under GATT auspices to remove or lessen the trade-distorting effects of nontariff measures [...]...
31. Modifications Modifications and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Modifications: Alteration or withdrawal of trade concessions previously made within GATT. Contracting Parties are [...]...
32. Sherpa Sherpa and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Sherpa: An official of sub-cabinet rank from each of the major industrial countries responsible for coordinating his or her [...]...
33. Bound Rates Bound Rates and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Bound Rates: Most favored-nation tariff rates resulting from GATT negotiations and thereafter incorporated as integral [...]...
34. Snapback Snapback and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Snapback: Provisions in a trade agreement that allow a signatory to temporarily rescind concessions under specified [...]...
35. Dillon Round A series of multinational trade discussions conducted during 1960-1962 under the sponsorship of the general agreement of tariffs and Trade (read this and related legal terms for further details). The principal result of ......
36. Rectifications Rectifications and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Rectifications: Changes made in a country's schedule of GATT concessions, usually .involving correction of errors but [...]...
37. Trade Negotiations Committee Trade Negotiations Committee (TNC) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Trade Negotiations Committee (TNC): The steering group established at the outset of the GA 1TUruguay Round (Sec. I) to [...]...
38. Demarche Demarche and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Demarche: A formal diplomatic communication of a country's position on an issue, presented to an official representative of [...]...
39. Basic Instruments BISD (Basic Instruments and Selected Documents) and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of BISD (Basic Instruments and Selected Documents): A series of documents, updated at [...]...
40. Grey Area Grey Area Measures and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Grey Area Measures: Import relief measures taken outside the scope of GATT rules by countries seeking to protect [...]...
41. Residual Restrictions Residual Restrictions and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Residual Restrictions: Quantitative restrictions maintained since before 1947 by governments that were original [...]...
42. Kennedy Round A series of international trade discussions commencing in Geneva in May 1964, under the auspices of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (read about the GATT for further details). The discussions were prompted by ......
43. Working Party Working Party and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Working Party: An ad hoc subgroup established by the GATT Council to address a specific trade policy issue, such as a [...]...
44. Universal Copyright Convention Universal Copyright Convention (UCC) and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Universal Copyright Convention (UCC): An international agreement on intellectual property [...]...
45. State Trading Enterprises State Trading Enterprises and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of State Trading Enterprises: Entities established by governments to import, export, or produce certain products. [...]...
46. Structural Impediments Initiative Structural Impediments Initiative (SII) and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Structural Impediments Initiative (SII): A series of bilateral negotiations begun in 1989 by the [...]...
47. Authors' Rights Authors' Rights and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Authors' Rights: A term used primarily in Latin American countries to refer to copyrights....
48. Economic Summit Economic Summit and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Economic Summit: Although the term can be used more generally, its most prominent use is in referring to the annual [...]...
49. Import Sensitivity Import Sensitivity and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Import Sensitivity: The vulnerability of a domestic industry to injury from foreign competition. See also sensitive [...]...
50. Duty Suspension Duty Suspension and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Duty Suspension: A temporary , unilateral reduction in tariffs. Duties are sometimes suspended to ease shortages of [...]...
51. Road Taxes Road Taxes and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Road Taxes: Excise taxes imposed on the sale or operation of motor vehicles, which have the effect of discriminating in favor [...]...
52. Nonviolation Complaints Nonviolation Complaints and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Nonviolation Complaints: In GATT dispute settlement negotiations, refers to provisions allowing the Contracting [...]...
53. Panel of Experts Panel of Experts and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Panel of Experts: In the GATT dispute settlement process, an ad hoc group of impartial and knowledgeable trade experts [...]...
54. Principal Supplier A nation that serves as the major source of supply to another country for a specific product.......
55. Appellations of Origin Appellations of Origin and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Appellations of Origin: (Also referred to as "geographic indications of origin.") The name of a [...]...
56. Surveillance Body Surveillance Body and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Surveillance Body: A body created at the outset of the Uruguay Round to monitor participating countries' trade [...]...
57. Tariffication Tariffication and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Tariffication: Conversion of a quota or other nontariff barrier (NTB) to a tariff providing an equivalent amount of [...]...
58. Administrative Review Administrative Review and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Administrative Review: In unfair trade cases, a mechanism for parties to a case to appeal a ruling on [...]...
59. Assists Assists and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Assists: Inputs to production -- including blueprints, designs, tools and dies, and development engineering --provided by an [...]...
60. Customs Harmonization Customs Harmonization and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Customs Harmonization: Intemational efforts to increase the uniformity of customs procedures such as valuation, [...]...
61. Degressivity Degressivity and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Degressivity: The characteristic of a trade restriction, which diminishes in severity over time. A degressive measure could [...]...
62. Negotiations Item-by-Item Negotiations and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Item-by-Item Negotiations: A method of tariff negotiations in which the expected trade effects of each [...]...
63. Antidumping Duty Antidumping Duty and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Antidumping Duty: A penalty charge on imports to protect domestic industry against disruptive pricing practices by [...]...
64. Multilateral Steel Agreement Multilateral Steel Agreement (MSA) and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Multilateral Steel Agreement (MSA): A proposed agreement that would phase out tariffs, eliminate [...]...
65. Working Requirement Working Requirement and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Working Requirement: A term associated with the lapse of intellectual property protection --or the granting of [...]...
66. Pipeline Protection Pipeline Protection and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Pipeline Protection: In international negotiations on protection of intellectual property rights, refers to the [...]...
67. Reverse Preferences Reverse Preferences and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Reverse Preferences: Tariff advantages once offered by LDCs to imports from certain industrial countries that have [...]...
68. Framework Initiative Framework Initiative and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Framework Initiative: (Also known as the New Economic Partnership). An initiative launched by the United States in [...]...
69. Customs Procedures Customs and Administrative Entry Procedures and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Customs and Administrative Entry Procedures: Formalities applying to customs clearance of [...]...
70. Nontariff Barriers Nontariff Barriers (NTBs) and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Nontariff Barriers (NTBs): Measures other than tariffs that burden or restrict international trade. NTBs may [...]...
71. Horizontal Reduction Horizontal Reduction and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Horizontal Reduction: Negotiated cuts in tariff rates by the same percentage for all parties to an agreement. Also [...]...
72. Environmental Dumping Environmental Dumping and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Environmental Dumping: Refers to an unfair trade practice whereby an exporter achieves a cost advantage over its [...]...
73. Diversionary Dumping Diversionary Dumping and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Diversionary Dumping: Sales by a firm at less than fair value in a foreign country, where the product is further [...]...
74. Dual Pricing The sale of an identical product at different prices in different markets.......
75. Torquay Round Detais can be found in General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade).......
76. Computed Value Computed Value and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Computed Value: (Not to be confused with constructed value.) An alternative method permitted by the Customs Valuation [...]...
77. Check Price System Check Price System and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Check Price System: A device used by a government agency to avoid charges of dumping in foreign markets by [...]...
78. Ad Valorem Equivalent Ad Valorem Equivalent (A VE) and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Ad Valorem Equivalent (A VE): A specific duty expressed in terms of a percentage of the value of the [...]...
79. Substantial Supplier Substantial Supplier and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Substantial Supplier: An exporting country accounting for at least 10 percent of a country's imports of a given [...]...
80. Swing Swing and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Swing: In international textile agreements, refers to the shift of allowable imports from a filled quota to an under-filled quota. [...]...
81. South-South Trade South-South Trade and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of South-South Trade: In the parlance of the 1970s and 1980s, refers to trade among developing countries ("the [...]...
82. Service Mark Service Mark and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Service Mark: A distinctive mark used in the sale or advising of services to distinguish them from the services of others. [...]...
83. Import Surcharge Import Surcharge and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Import Surcharge: A temporary tax on imports over and above established tariffs, usually enacted in times of economic [...]...
84. Consumer Subsidy Equivalent Consumer Subsidy Equivalent (CSE) and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Consumer Subsidy Equivalent (CSE): The percentage by which consumer prices on an item are affected by [...]...
85. Producer Subsidy Equivalent Producer Subsidy Equivalent (PSE) and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Producer Subsidy Equivalent (PSE): The share of a producer's total revenue that is attributable to [...]...
86. Free List A listing of all commodities on which no customs duties are imposed.......
87. Rollback Rollback and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Rollback: A commitment to phase out all trade restrictions or policies that distort trade or bring them into conformity with [...]...
88. Decoupling Decoupling and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Decoupling: A concept aimed at making government agricultural programs trade-neutral - by breaking the link between [...]...
89. Counterfeit Code Counterfeit Code and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Counterfeit Code: A draft agreement, initiated in the closing stages of the Tokyo Round but never concluded, which [...]...
90. Exhaustion Exhaustion and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Exhaustion: Refers to the doctrine that protection of intellectual property rights (IPR) is "exhausted" or confined [...]...
91. Cross-Retaliation Cross-Retaliation and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Cross-Retaliation: Retaliation in one sector of trade, such as agriculture, to counter unfair actions or violations of [...]...
92. Offer List A list of products, usually prepared in conjunction with multilateral trade negotiations, upon which a nation is prepared to negotiate trade liberalization; the list may also identify products that are to be specifically exempted from discussion.......
93. Enterprise Enterprise for the Americas Initiative and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Enterprise for the Americas Initiative: A program launched in 1990 as a vehicle for defining a [...]...
94. Sensitive Products Sensitive Products and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Sensitive Products: Goods produced by a domestic industry employing large numbers of workers, for which the costs of [...]...
95. North-South Trade North-South Trade and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of North-South Trade: In the parlance of the 1970s and 1980s, trade between the developed market economies ("the [...]...
96. Geneva Convention (I) Contents Geneva Convention (I)   CHAPTER I General Provisions Article 1. The High Contracting Parties undertake to respect and to ... Read more...
97. Geneva Convention (I) 3 Contents Geneva Convention (I)   CHAPTER III Medical Units and Establishments Art. 19. Fixed establishments and mobile medical units of ... Read more...
98. Geneva Convention (I) 4 Contents Geneva Convention (I)   Art. 29. Members of the personnel designated in Article 25 who have fallen into the ... Read more...
99. Geneva Convention (I) 5 Contents Geneva Convention (I)   Art. 37. Subject to the provisions of the second paragraph, medical aircraft of Parties to ... Read more...
100. Geneva Convention (II) Contents Geneva Convention (II)   Chapter I General Provisions Article 1 The High Contracting Parties undertake to respect and to ... Read more...
101. Geneva Convention (II) 2 Contents Geneva Convention (II)   Article 9 The provisions of the present Convention constitute no obstacle to the humanitarian activities ... Read more...
102. Geneva Convention (II) 3 Contents Geneva Convention (II)   Article 20 Parties to the conflict shall ensure that burial at sea of the dead, ... Read more...
103. Geneva Convention (II) 4 Contents Geneva Convention (II)   Article 33 Merchant vessels which have been transformed into hospital ships cannot be put to ... Read more...
104. Geneva Convention (II) Contents Geneva Convention (II)   Chapter VI The Distinctive Emblem Article 41 Under the direction of the competent military authority, ... Read more...
105. Geneva Convention (II) 2 Contents Geneva Convention (II)   Chapter VIII Repression of Abuses and Infractions Article 50 The High Contracting Parties undertake to ... Read more...
106. Geneva Convention (III) Contents Geneva Convention (III)   Part I General Provisions Article 1 The High Contracting Parties undertake to respect and to ... Read more...
107. Geneva Convention (III) 7 Contents Geneva Convention (III)   Article 9 The provisions of the present Convention constitute no obstacle to the humanitarian activities ... Read more...
108. Geneva Convention (III) 8 Contents Geneva Convention (III)   Article 18 All effects and articles of personal use, except arms, horses, military equipment and ... Read more...
109. Geneva Convention (III) 9 Contents Geneva Convention (III)   ARTICLE 31 Medical inspections of prisoners of war shall be held at least once a ... Read more...
110. Geneva Convention (III) 11 Contents Geneva Convention (III)   SECTION III LABOUR OF PRISONERS OF WAR ARTICLE 49 The Detaining Power may utilize the ... Read more...
111. Geneva Convention (III) 10 Contents Geneva Convention (III)   ARTICLE 61 The Detaining Power shall accept for distribution as supplementary pay to prisoners of ... Read more...
112. Geneva Convention (III) 13 Contents Geneva Convention (III)   CHAPTER III PENAL AND DISCIPLINARY SANCTIONS I. General Provisions ARTICLE 82 A prisoner of war ... Read more...
113. Geneva Convention (III) 14 Contents Geneva Convention (III)   ARTICLE 95 A prisoner of war accused of an offence against discipline shall not be ... Read more...
114. Geneva Convention (III) 2 Contents Geneva Convention (III)   ARTICLE 106 Every prisoner of war shall have, in the same manner as the members ... Read more...
115. Geneva Convention (III) 4 Contents Geneva Convention (III)   PART V INFORMATION BUREAUX AND RELIEF SOCIETIES FOR PRISONERS OF WAR ARTICLE 122 Upon the ... Read more...
116. Geneva Convention (IV) Contents Geneva Convention (IV)   PART I GENERAL PROVISIONS Article 1. The High Contracting Parties undertake to respect and to ... Read more...
117. Geneva Convention (IV) 7 Contents Geneva Convention (IV)   PART II GENERAL PROTECTION OF POPULATIONS AGAINST CERTAIN CONSEQUENCES OF WAR Art. 13. The provisions ... Read more...
118. Geneva Convention (IV) 8 Contents Geneva Convention (IV)   PART III STATUS AND TREATMENT OF PROTECTED PERSONS SECTION I Provisions Common to the Territories ... Read more...
119. Geneva Convention (IV) 9 Contents Geneva Convention (IV)   SECTION III Occupied Territories Art. 47. Protected persons who are in occupied territory shall not ... Read more...
120. Geneva Convention (IV) 11 Contents Geneva Convention (IV)   Art. 69. In all cases the duration of the period during which a protected person ... Read more...