Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. Different Functions in Goods and Services This section provides an overview of different functions in goods and services within the legal context of National Treatment in international economic law, with coverage of Non-Discrimination in Trade of Goods and Services (Principles). Resources Further Reading Nicolas F Diebold, [...]...
2. Government Procurement Government Procurement and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Government Procurement: Government policies and procedures for purchasing goods and services. Procurement [...]...
3. Comparability in International Economic Law Comparability in International Economic Law (Goods) This section provides an overview of comparability in International Economic Law (Goods) within the legal context of National Treatment in international economic law, with coverage of Non-Discrimination in Trade of Goods and Services [...]...
4. Trade Agreements Commercial Treaties: Trade Agreements In addition to formal agreements between modern states having important economic ties with each other, less formal and durable agreements relate to such matters as tariff rates, navigation dues, customs formalities, air-transport clearance arrangements, [...]...
5. Enabling Clause Enabling Clause and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Enabling Clause: Pan of the 1979 Framework Agreement providing a legal basis in GATT for industrial countries to grant [...]...
6. International trade law Part 17 Contents International trade law Part 17   193 DROIT DU COMMERCE INTERNATIONAL ET DE LA CONCURRENCE/INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND COMPETITION LAW ... Read more...
7. Framework Agreements Framework Agreements and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Framework Agreement (2): Also known as a Trade and Investment Framework Agreement, or TIFA. A bilateral agreement [...]...
8. Trade Liberalization Introduction Trade liberalisation involves removing or reducing barriers to trade between different countries. One of the opposing forces that have shaped the changing pattern of world trade over the last 200 years was the promotion of free trade. The Relative Impact of Trade Liberalization [...]...
9. Trade in Services in the WTO – General Rules This section provides an overview of trade in services in the wto – general rules within the legal context of WTO Commitments in international economic law, with coverage of Trades in Services and Specific Sectors (Main Regulatory Areas)....
10. Trade in Services in the WTO – Specific Commitments This section provides an overview of trade in services in the wto – specific commitments within the legal context of WTO Commitments in international economic law, with coverage of Trades in Services and Specific Sectors (Main Regulatory Areas)....
11. Trade Promotion Agreements U.S.-colombia Trade Promotion Agreement in 2013 United States views on international law [1] in relation to U.s.-colombia Trade Promotion Agreement: (1) Environmental Cooperation Agreement On April 19, 2013, the United States and Colombia signed the U.S.-Colombia Environmental Cooperation [...]...
12. Regional Integration Regional Integration and Preferential Trade This section provides an overview of regional integration and preferential trade within the legal context of Most-Favoured Nation Treatment (MFN) in international economic law, with coverage of Non-Discrimination in Trade of Goods and Services [...]...
13. Movement Certificate Eur 1 Movement Certificate in International Trade Note: there is more information about this term in the European legal Encyclopedia. Meaning of Eur 1 Movement Certificate, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Goods transport certificate and proof of [...]...
14. Most Favoured Nation Treatment Most Favoured Nation Treatment (MFN) in International Trade Meaning of Most Favoured Nation Treatment (MFN), according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A non discriminatory trade policy commitment on the part of one country to extend to another country the lowest [...]...
15. Monetary Freedom Contents Monetary Freedom Introduction The Index of Economic Freedom The Index of Economic Freedom measures ten components of economic freedom, ... Read more...
16. Duty-free In the United States For information about Duty-free in the context of international trade, click here...
17. Unconditional Most Favoured Nation Unconditional MFN This section provides an overview of unconditional mfn within the legal context of Most-Favoured Nation Treatment (MFN) in international economic law, with coverage of Non-Discrimination in Trade of Goods and Services (Principles). Resources Further Reading William J Davey, [...]...
18. Standard of Review This section provides an overview of standard of review within the legal context of National Treatment in international economic law, with coverage of Non-Discrimination in Trade of Goods and Services (Principles). Resources Further Reading Petros C Mavroidis, "Standard of Review," [...]...
19. Anti-dumping Anti-dumping Anti-Dumping and Competition Law and the World Trade Organization Anti-Dumping and Competition Law in relation to the World Trade Organization (WTO) covers several issues. The Anti-Dumping Agreement and the World Trade Organization The Anti-Dumping Agreement in relation to the [...]...
20. Less Favourable Treatment This section provides an overview of less favourable treatment within the legal context of National Treatment in international economic law, with coverage of Non-Discrimination in Trade of Goods and Services (Principles). Resources Further Reading Lothar Ehring, "Less Favourable [...]...
21. Automotive Products Trade Act An act of Congress (of 1965) that implemented the U. S.-Canadian Auto Agreement, creating a free trade area permitting duty-free movement between the two countries for automobiles and parts used as original equipment. The agreement does not cover replacement parts.......
22. Aid for Trade Initiative This section provides an overview of aid for trade initiative within the legal context of Combating Poverty in international economic law (Cross-Cutting Challenges). Resources Further Reading Jean-Jacques Hallaert, "Aid for Trade Initiative," Elgar Encyclopedia of International [...]...
23. Bilateral Trade Agreement Bilateral Trade Agreement in International Trade Meaning of Bilateral Trade Agreement, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A formal agreement involving commerce between two countries. Such agreements sometimes list the quantities of specific goods that may [...]...
24. Differential Treatment Special and differential Treatment This section provides an overview of special and differential treatment within the legal context of Most-Favoured Nation Treatment (MFN) in international economic law, with coverage of Non-Discrimination in Trade of Goods and Services (Principles). Resources [...]...
25. Customs Unions Impact of Free Trade Agreements and Customs Unions This section provides an overview of impact of free trade agreements and customs unions within the legal context of Market Access (Customs Regulation) in international economic law (Main Regulatory Areas)....
26. Trade law Part 44 Contents Trade law Part 44   470 Trade Mark and Unfair Competition Law International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition ... Read more...
27. Trade law Part 5 Contents Trade law Part 5   42 Trade Secret Law and the Changing Role of Judge and Jury Bradley Lipton ... Read more...
28. Direct Effect of International Agreements This section provides an overview of direct effect of international agreements within the legal context of The Role of the Domestic Courts in international economic law, with coverage of Adjudication and Enforcement (Principles). Resources Further Reading Matthias Oesch, "Direct Effect [...]...
29. Quantitative Restrictions in Services This section provides an overview of quantitative restrictions in services within the legal context of Market Access (Quantitative Restrictions in Goods and Services) in international economic law (Main Regulatory Areas). Resources Further Reading Panagiotis Delimatsis, "Quantitative [...]...
30. National Treatment History of Commercial Treaties National Treatment The attainment of national treatment through treaty was strengthened in the 13th century. Venice, an Italian city-state that traded chiefly with Central and East Asia, exacted by treaty from the sultan of _alab (Aleppo) the right to have its [...]...
31. Multilateral Trade Organization Multilateral Trade Organization (MTO) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Multilateral Trade Organization (MTO): A proposed organization that would subsume the GAIT,the General Agreement on [...]...
32. Trade law Part 46 Contents Trade law Part 46   494 The Law and Policy of the World Trade Organization: Text, Cases and Materials. ... Read more...
33. International trade law Part 2 Contents International Trade law Part 2   16 INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND COMPETITION LAW International Business Law Journal Number 3, 2010 ... Read more...
34. History of Foreign Trade until the 20th Century Contents History of Foreign Trade until the 20th Century Although foreign trade was an important part of ancient and medieval ... Read more...
35. Investment Dispute Resolution Investment Dispute Resolution Under Free Trade Agreements In relation to the international law practice and investment dispute resolution under free trade agreements in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: Trade, Commercial Relations, Investment, and [...]...
36. Trade-related Issues Trade Agreements and Trade-related Issues In relation to the international law practice and other trade agreements and trade-related issues in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: Trade, Commercial Relations, Investment, and Transportation About this [...]...
37. Import Licensing Import Licensing and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Import Licensing: Procedures requiring the submission of an application or other documentation (other than those [...]...
38. South Pacific Regional Trade and Economic Cooperation Agreement South Pacific Regional Trade and Economic Cooperation Agreement in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of South Pacific Regional Trade and Economic Cooperation Agreement (SPARTECA): A non-reciprocal [...]...
39. Nafta Nafta Nafta in International Trade Meaning of Nafta, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A free trade agreement comprising Canada, Mexico and the United States. The objectives of the agreement are to eliminate barriers to trade, promote conditions of fair [...]...
40. Wto Trade Facilitation Agreement WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement in 2013 United States views on international law [1] in relation to World Trade Organization Trade Facilitation Agreement: On December 7, 2013, the Ministerial Conference of the WTO in Bali concluded a Trade Facilitation Agreement. The text of the agreement [...]...
41. Business Services This section provides an overview of business services within the legal context of Specific Sectors in international economic law, with coverage of Trades in Services and Specific Sectors (Main Regulatory Areas). Resources Further Reading Dale Honeck, "Business Services," Elgar [...]...
42. Distribution Services This section provides an overview of distribution services within the legal context of Specific Sectors in international economic law, with coverage of Trades in Services and Specific Sectors (Main Regulatory Areas). Resources Further Reading Joscelyn Magdeleine, "Distribution [...]...
43. Communication Services This section provides an overview of communication services within the legal context of Specific Sectors in international economic law, with coverage of Trades in Services and Specific Sectors (Main Regulatory Areas). Resources Further Reading Mira Burri, "Communication Services," [...]...
44. Energy Services This section provides an overview of energy services within the legal context of Specific Sectors in international economic law, with coverage of Trades in Services and Specific Sectors (Main Regulatory Areas). Resources Further Reading Olga Nartova, "Energy Services," Elgar [...]...
45. Conditional Most Favoured Nation Conditional MFN This section provides an overview of conditional mfn within the legal context of Most-Favoured Nation Treatment (MFN) in international economic law, with coverage of Non-Discrimination in Trade of Goods and Services (Principles)....
46. Quotas Quota Auctioning and International Trade Quotas in Economic Law This section provides an overview of quotas and import licensing within the legal context of Market Access (Quantitative Restrictions in Goods and Services) in international economic law (Main Regulatory Areas). Resources Further [...]...
47. Domestic Regulation Relating to Services Rules on Domestic Regulation Relating to Services This section provides an overview of rules on domestic regulation relating to services within the legal context of Impact of Domestic Regulation on Trade in Goods, Services and on Investment in international economic law, with coverage of [...]...
48. Free Trade Introduction Free Trade, interchange of commodities across political frontiers without restrictions such as tariffs, quotas, or foreign exchange controls. This economic policy contrasts with protectionist policies that use such restrictions to protect or stimulate domestic industries. See [...]...
49. Free Trade Area Summary of Free Trade Area An association of states that seeks to overcome impediments to trade among members by reducing or eliminating tariffs among the participants. The members of a free trade area do not maintain a common external tariff nor do they (usually) provide for the free flow [...]...
50. Free Trade Zone Spanish Translation of free trade zoneThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to free trade zone and / or a definition of this topic: Zona de Libre Comercio (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry)....
51. Free Trade Agreement Free Trade Agreement and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Free Trade Agreement: An agreement between two or more countries establishing a free trade area (FTA)....
52. Free Trade Agreements In the United States For information about Free Trade Agreements in the context of international trade, click here United States-Singapore free trade agreement The United States-Singapore Free Trade Agreement has been in force since January 1, 2004. U.S. two way goods trade totaled $37 [...]...
53. Free Trade Commission Meeting of the CAFTA-DR Free Trade Commission In relation to the international law practice and Meeting of the Cafta-dr Free Trade Commission in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: Trade, Commercial Relations, Investment, Transportation About this subject: [...]...
54. Free Ships/free Goods A position asserted by certain authorities in international law that all cargo carried aboard a neutral vessel is exempt from seizure by belligerents in time of war. This view conflicts with a more widely held attitude that belligerents have a legal right to interdict munitions and supplies with war......
55. Trade Law Protecting Domestic Policy Space Specific Exemptions in Trade Law Protecting Domestic Policy Space This section provides an overview of specific exemptions in trade law protecting domestic policy space within the legal context of Specific Exemptions in Trade Law Protecting Domestic Policy Space in international economic law, [...]...
56. European Free Trade Association Summary of European Free Trade Association A free trade area consisting of seven European countries among which tariffs and quantitative restrictions on industrial imports have been eliminated. Established in 1960 by the Stockholm Convention, EFTA originally included Austria, Denmark, [...]...
57. Baltic Free Trade Area Baltic Free Trade Area in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Baltic Free Trade Area: A prospective free trade area linking Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. Objectives include elimination of [...]...
58. Cafta-dr Free Trade Commission Meeting of the Cafta-dr Free Trade Commission in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): The first meeting of the CAFTA-DR Free Trade Commission was held on February 22-23, 2011, in San Salvador, El [...]...
59. North American Free Trade Agreement North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) On January 1, 1994 the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) established a single trade zone. North American Free Trade Agreement Resources There is a great deal of research material available on this subject. The difficulty is not in [...]...
60. Central European Free Trade Agreement Central European Free Trade Agreement (CEFTA) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Central European Free Trade Agreement (CEFTA): A regional cooperation organization and prospective free trade [...]...
61. Central America Free Trade Agreements Dominican Republic-central America-united States Free Trade Agreement ("cafta-dr") in 2013 (Continuation) United States views on international law [1] in relation to Dominican Republic-central America-united States Free Trade Agreement ("cafta-dr"): TRANSPARENCY AND [...]...
62. North American Free Trade Area Embracing mainstream international law, this section on north american free trade area explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "north american free trade area" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary [...]...
63. Dominican Republic-central America-united States Free Trade Agreement Dominican Republic-central America-united States Free Trade Agreement ("cafta-dr") in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): The text of the CAFTA-DR is available at (internet link) [...]...
64. Specific Exemptions in Trade Law Specific Exemptions in Trade Law Protecting Domestic Policy Space This section provides an overview of specific exemptions in trade law protecting domestic policy space within the legal context of Specific Exemptions in Trade Law Protecting Domestic Policy Space in international economic law, [...]...
65. Exceptions Products specifically exempted from trade liberalization, such as duty reductions; usually, exceptions are made to protect domestic industries that would suffer serious harm from increased imports.......
66. License Exceptions In the United States For information about License exceptions in the context of international trade, click here...
67. Exceptions to Discovery Exceptions to Discovery Explained References See Also Civil Procedure (in international or comparative law) Federal Courts (in international or comparative law) Resources See Also Civil Procedure Federal Courts...
68. Us Free Trade Agreements Free Trade Agreements With Panama, Colombia, and Korea in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): On October 21, 2011, President Obama signed legislation implementing the Panama, Colombia, and Korea free [...]...
69. Latin American Free Trade Association A now defunct association of various Latin American states formed to orchestrate the elimination of tariffs among members within twelve years of its formation (at the rate of eight percent). LAFTA was created by the treaty of Montevideo on February 18, 1960, and commenced activities on June 1, 1961.......
70. International Confederation of Free Trade Unions Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration...
71. Free in and Out A condition in transportation under which the carrier has no responsibility to load or unload the vessel, barge, or other conveyance. The shipper is obliged to stow the cargo, and the consignee to effect unloading; loading and unloading expenses may be borne by either the shipper or the [...]...
72. Free Will Spanish Translation of free willThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to free will and / or a definition of this topic: Autonomía de la Voluntad (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry)....
73. Free Access to Law Movement Contents Free Access to Law Movement The Free Access to Law Movement is a collective of legal projects from various ... Read more...
74. Free legal information Examples of multi-sourced free access government-provided national legal information systems include, in Europe, Legifrance (France), FINLEX (Finland), Jersey Legal Information ... Read more...
75. Free Alongside A condition in a shipping contract whereby the shipper bears all costs of delivering the goods up to a ship's tackle. This definition is modified to accommodate local customs of the port. ......
76. Free Astray The free onward movement to the consignee by a common carrier of merchandise that has been erroneously discharged at the wrong terminal.......
77. Free Coinage The system under which any individual may take bullion to the mint and have it coined. In the United States free coinage of silver persisted from 1792 to 1873; free coinage of gold was practiced from 1792 to 1933. The government's charge for converting bullion to coin is known as brassage; any p......
78. Free Dispatch A provision in a charter party that precludes payment of Despatch Money (read this and related legal terms for further details) for early release of a vessel.......
79. Free Market The economic system of a nation in which market forces determine which goods and services are produced, and at what price they are offered. Free market economies do not contain substantial government controls on resource availability, price levels, or central planning of economic objectives.......
80. Free of Capture and Seizure A clause in an ocean marine policy that deletes from the list of covered perils the WAR RISKS (read this and related legal terms for further details) of capture and seizure, and losses attributable thereto. All such war-......
81. Free of Particular Average A clause in a basic marine cargo insurance policy restricting settlements in the case of partial losses attributable to perils of the sea or incidents where the vessel has been sunk, burned, or stranded during the course of the voyage. An F.P.A. policy provides the most limited coverage. The [...]...
82. Free Perimeter A free trade area similar to a free port, consisting of a defined geographical area, often in a nation's interior, where customary trade regulations, taxes, and/or duties are not imposed; the usual object in establishing such a perimeter is to stimulate local production.......
83. Free Port Summary of Free Port A type of foreign trade zone (read this and related legal terms for further details), encompassing an entire port area, into which goods can be shipped, stored, and exported free of duty. Customarily, only goods entered for local consumption will be subject to duties [...]...
84. Free Pratique The condition of a vessel which is in compliance with the health and sanitation laws of the country where it is berthed at any point in tíme. Prior to leaving port, a vessel must normally obtain from civil health authorities a "certificate of free pratique," also known as a bill of ......
85. Free Warehouse Spanish Translation of bond and free warehouseThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to bond or free warehouse and / or a definition of this topic: Depósito Franco (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry)....
86. Free Movement of Persons Free movement of persons (visas, asylum, immigration and other policies) and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Free movement of persons (visas, asylum, immigration and other policies) provided by the European Union Commission: The Treaty of Amsterdam, in force since 1 May 1999, [...]...
87. Free Riders Free-Riders Free-Riders and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Free-Riders: In the context of the Uruguay Round discussions of a proposed Multilateral Trade Organization, [...]...
88. Free Carrier (FCA) Free Carrier in International Trade Meaning of FCA (Free Carrier), according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): In Incoterms FCA the seller fulfils his obligation to deliver when he has handed over the goods, cleared for export, into the charge of the carrier [...]...
89. Free Expression Internet Speech, Defamation, Online Torts and The Good Samaritan Exemption in the Context of Internet Law Read, in this legal Encyclopedia, about the topic of this section, and, specially, about E-Commerce and the Rights of Free Speech, Press and Expression In Cyberspace...
90. Free Exercise Establishment of Religion, Free Exercise From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Establishment of Religion, Free Exercise (1): The first amendment to the United States constitution provides that "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or [...]...
91. Free Exercise Clause References See Also Constitutional Law Individual Rights Statutory Protection Individual Rights Resources See Also Constitutional Law Individual Rights Statutory Protection Individual Rights...
92. Free Rider Concept of Free Rider Note: explore also the meaning of this legal term in the American Ecyclopedia of Law. Resources See Also Political Economy Public Policy...
93. Free Association Embracing mainstream international law, this section on free association explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "free association" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law [...]...
94. Free City of Danzig Free City of Danzig and I.l.o. Case Embracing mainstream international law, this section on free city of danzig and i.l.o. case explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "free city of danzig and i.l.o. case" in [...]...
95. Free Territory of Trieste Embracing mainstream international law, this section on free territory of trieste explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "trieste, free territory of" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of [...]...
96. Free Movement of Capital Free Movement of Capital and Europe There is an entry on free movement of capital in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Free Movement of Capital" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", [...]...
97. Free Movement of Services Free Movement of Services and Europe There is an entry on free movement of services in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Free Movement of Services" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to [...]...
98. Free Movement of Goods Free Movement of Goods and Europe There is an entry on free movement of goods in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Free Movement of Goods" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by [...]...
99. Free Education Resources See Also Legal Education Education Education Law Higher Education Vocational Training Training...
100. Non-Discrimination in Trade of Goods Non-Discrimination in Trade of Goods and Services This section provides an overview of non-discrimination in trade of goods and services within the legal context of Non-Discrimination in Trade of Goods and Services in international economic law (Principles)....
101. Free List A listing of all commodities on which no customs duties are imposed.......
102. Free Of Address A condition in some charter parties stipulating that no address commission (read this and related legal terms for further details) will be paid.......
103. Free Of Turn A condition in a vessel charter party that laytime commences as soon as the ship arrives in port and notice of readiness has been given, irrespective of whether a berth is ready.......
104. Free Speech Free Speech......
105. Free Movement of Workers Free Movement of Workers and the Principle of Equal Treatment and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Free Movement of Workers and the Principle of Equal Treatment provided by the European Union Commission: Every citizen of the EU has the right to work and live in another Member [...]...
106. Trade Policy Review Mechanism Trade Policy Review Mechanism (TPRM) and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Trade Policy Review Mechanism (TPRM): A process of examination in the GATT Council to provide [...]...
107. Fob Free on Board Fob Free on Board in International Trade Meaning of Fob Free on Board, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): FOB is the oldest Incoterms and together with CIF the most widely used with sea transport. The seller delivers the goods by placing them on board the [...]...
108. For Free on Rail For Free on Rail in International Trade Meaning of For Free on Rail, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A no longer valid Incoterms, but still used for some traders when goods are delivered in railway station in the seller's country. The suitable term [...]...
109. Fot Free on Track Fot Free on Track in International Trade Meaning of Fot Free on Track, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A no longer valid Incoterms, but still used by some traders. The term may create confusion as to whether it applies to motor vehicle or to rail [...]...
110. Free Church Free Church, Seats, Lease From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Free Church, Seats, Lease (1): The trustees of a free church may assign seats and forcibly remove one from a seat without authority.454 Where a pew is real estate, a pewholder may acquire the right to it by [...]...
111. Free Zones Free Zones of Upper Savoy and District of Gex Case Embracing mainstream international law, this section on free zones of upper savoy and district of gex case explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "free zones of [...]...
112. Free Prior and Informed Consent Concept of Free Prior and Informed Consent Free Prior and Informed Consent may be defined as: The UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples recognizes Free Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) as Indigenous Peoples' right to determine and develop priorities and strategies, or to give [...]...
113. Safeguards Safeguards in International Trade Meaning of Safeguards, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Emergency measure taken when increased imports of particular products cause or threaten to cause serious injury to the importing country's domestic industry. [...]...
114. Waivers This section provides an overview of waivers within the legal context of Specific Exemptions in Trade Law Protecting Domestic Policy Space in international economic law, with coverage of Protecting Domestic Policy Space (Principles). Resources Further Reading Isabel Feichtner, [...]...
115. WTO Instruments Derogations and Exceptions in Other WTO Instruments This section provides an overview of derogations and exceptions in other wto instruments within the legal context of Specific Exemptions in Trade Law Protecting Domestic Policy Space in international economic law, with coverage of Protecting [...]...
116. World Trade Organization Unlike GATT, the WTO is a permanent body but not a specialized agency of the United Nations. Introduction to World Trade Organization World Trade Organization (WTO), international body that promotes and enforces the provisions of trade laws and regulations. The World Trade Organization has [...]...
117. Freer Trade History of Commercial Treaties: Freer TradeHopeful omens, however, began to appear. In 1934 the United States passed the Reciprocal Trade Agreement, by which the president was empowered to lower import duties on a country's goods if that country reciprocated. The United States thereby m......
118. Foreign Trade Control Law In the United States For information about Foreign Trade Control Law in the context of international trade, click here...
119. Trade In the United States For information about Trade in the context of international trade, click here Trade and the Laws of International Trade Prohibited actions Export Administration System Trade and the Laws of International Trade Intent Export Administration System American Coasting Trade: [...]...
120. Trade Facilitation Trade Facilitation in International Trade Meaning of Trade Facilitation, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Removing obstacles to the movement of goods across borders (e.g. simplification of customs procedures). The International Law of Customs: Trade [...]...