Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. Social Market Economy Social Market Economy and Europe There is an entry on social market economy in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Social Market Economy" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney [...]...
2. Economic Union Summary of Economic Union Also known as an economic community, an advanced form of economic integration on the part of several states. The economic union incorporates the features of a Common market (read this and related legal terms for further details)—unrestricted free trade among [...]...
3. Gray Market Definition In the United States For information about Gray Market Definition in the context of international trade, click here...
4. Common External Tariff Summary of Common External Tariff The uniform customs tariff applied by all the member states of a customs union or common market to imports from nonmember nations.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Common External Tariff and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT [...]...
5. Market Structure Market Structure and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Market Structure: Refers to the structure of an industry or market, as reflected in the number and size distribution of sellers and buyers, [...]...
6. Southern Common Market Southern Common Market in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Southern Common Market: Mercado Common del Sur (MERCOSUR) or Mercado Comum do Sui (MERCOSUL). A common market including Argentina, [...]...
7. Caribbean Community and Common Market Caribbean Community and Common Market (CARICOM), organization established in 1973 to promote regional unity and to coordinate economic and foreign policy among Caribbean nations. Member countries include Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Belize, Dominica, G......
8. European Community European Community (EC) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of European Community (EC): (Previously known as the European Economic Community, or EEC; the term "European Communities" [...]...
9. Economic Integration Summary of Economic Integration The process of unifying two or more national economies through conscious coordination of trade, fiscal, and monetary activities. Economic integration is normally preceded by the reduction or abolition of tariffs, quotas, and similar constraints upon trade [...]...
10. Internal Labor Market Resources See Also Labor Employment Law International Labor Law Industrial Safety Labour Labor Right Labor Policy...
11. Central European Free Trade Agreement Central European Free Trade Agreement (CEFTA) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Central European Free Trade Agreement (CEFTA): A regional cooperation organization and prospective free trade [...]...
12. Market Access Negotiations Market Access Negotiations and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Market Access Negotiations: In the context of the Uruguay Round as well as bilateral trade negotiations, [...]...
13. Barter Summary of Barter A direct exchange of products without cash. In some cases, a third party is brought into the transaction to dispose of some or all of the goods in a third country; this practice is known as switch trading. See Countertrade.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Barter [...]...
14. Movement Certificate Eur 1 Movement Certificate in International Trade Note: there is more information about this term in the European legal Encyclopedia. Meaning of Eur 1 Movement Certificate, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Goods transport certificate and proof of [...]...
15. Market Access Data Base Market Access Data Base in International Trade Meaning of Market Access Data Base, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Database of the European Union with comprehensive information about tariffs in all countries of the world to European products and [...]...
16. Common Transport Policy Common transport policy and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Common transport policy provided by the European Union Commission: The goal of the common transport policy is to remove obstacles at the borders between Member States so as to facilitate the free movement of persons [...]...
17. Laissez-faire Laissez Faire Summary of Laissez Faire A doctrine that government should refrain from any form of trade regulation, leaving productivity and distribution of wealth purely to market forces and individual industry. The concept arose around the beginning of the eighteenth century in France, [...]...
18. Caribbean-Canadian Common Market Caribbean-Canadian Common Market (CARIBCAN) and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Caribbean-Canadian Common Market (CARIBCAN): A non-reciprocal preferential [...]...
19. Monetary Freedom ContentsMonetary FreedomIntroductionThe Index of Economic FreedomFree Trade AgreementsEntries related to monetary freedomResourcesSee AlsoFurther Reading Monetary Freedom Introduction The Index of ... Read more...
20. North American Free Trade Area Embracing mainstream international law, this section on north american free trade area explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "north american free trade area" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary [...]...
21. Cartel Summary of Cartel An alliance among firms in the same line of business aimed at controlling or dominating their field on an international basis.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Definition of Cartel In accordance with the work A Dictionary of Law, this is a description of Cartel : [...]...
22. Import Substitution Summary of Import Substitution The act of eliminating imports of a given product by commencing production locally, often accompanied by controls such as increased duties, quotas, or outright bans to discourage or prevent continued foreign imports. This approach is fairly common on the part [...]...
23. Trade Creation The substitution of lower- cost foreign goods for higher-cost domestic manufactures.......
24. Mercosur The Mercosur treaty creates something of a free trade zone among countries in the southern part of South America. The related Mercosur organization posts materials in Spanish. For information about Mercosur materials, see A Guide to MERCOSUR Legal Research: Sources and Documents. [...]...
25. Social Dialogue Social dialogue in the International Trade Union Rights Area Definition of Social dialogue provided by ITUC-CSI-IGB: Discussion and co-operation between the social partners on matters of common interest, such as economic and social policy. Involves participation by the state where tripartism [...]...
26. European Economic Community Summary of European Economic Community One of the three components of the European Communities. In March 1957, the members of the European Coal and Steel Community (France, Federal Republic of Germany, Italy, and the Benelux countries) expanded the sphere of economic cooperation through the [...]...
27. F.O.B. F.O.B. and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of F.O.B.: An abbreviation (for "free on board") used in international trade statistics and sales contracts; a method of valuing traded goods [...]...
28. Central America Free Trade Agreements Dominican Republic-central America-united States Free Trade Agreement ("cafta-dr") in 2013 (Continuation) United States views on international law [1] in relation to Dominican Republic-central America-united States Free Trade Agreement ("cafta-dr"): TRANSPARENCY AND [...]...
29. Standards for Market Actors This section provides an overview of standards for market actors within the legal context of Financial Regulation in international economic law, with coverage of Monetary and Financial Regulation (Main Regulatory Areas). Resources Further Reading Rashid Bahar, "Standards for Market [...]...
30. Withdrawal Price A floor price at which European Economic Community producers of certain food products may withhold their goods from the market. The withdrawal price is generally below the base price (i.e., the target price set for a given commodity) and the purchase price at which EEC governments will intervene in ......
31. F.A.S. F.A.S. and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of F.A.S.: An abbreviation (for "free alongside") used in international trade statistics and t sales contracts; a method of valuing traded [...]...
32. Protectionism Protectionism Definition Protectionism may be defined as government policies that favor domestic products over imported goods. The debate between protectionism and free trade has been a continuing issue in United States politics. Meanings For information on: * systematic protectionism [...]...
33. Customs Union Summary of Customs Union An arrangement among participating countries whereby tariffs are eliminated or virtually eliminated on products moving between members, and a common external tariff (read this and related legal terms for further details) is adopted to provide uniform treatment to [...]...
34. Free Ships/free Goods A position asserted by certain authorities in international law that all cargo carried aboard a neutral vessel is exempt from seizure by belligerents in time of war. This view conflicts with a more widely held attitude that belligerents have a legal right to interdict munitions and supplies with war......
35. Market Risk Market Risk in International Trade Meaning of Market Risk, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The possibility that results at the time a product is delivered may differ from expectations held at a time it was ordered. For instance, the market price may have [...]...
36. EEA See EEA disambiguation page for other meanings of EEA The European Economic Area, abbreviated as EEA, consists of the 28 Member States of the European Union (EU) and three countries of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) (all except Switzerland, namely: Iceland, Liechtenstein and [...]...
37. Free Astray The free onward movement to the consignee by a common carrier of merchandise that has been erroneously discharged at the wrong terminal.......
38. Free Coinage The system under which any individual may take bullion to the mint and have it coined. In the United States free coinage of silver persisted from 1792 to 1873; free coinage of gold was practiced from 1792 to 1933. The government's charge for converting bullion to coin is known as brassage; any p......
39. Free Dispatch A provision in a charter party that precludes payment of Despatch Money (read this and related legal terms for further details) for early release of a vessel.......
40. Free Of Turn A condition in a vessel charter party that laytime commences as soon as the ship arrives in port and notice of readiness has been given, irrespective of whether a berth is ready.......
41. Free Port Summary of Free Port A type of foreign trade zone (read this and related legal terms for further details), encompassing an entire port area, into which goods can be shipped, stored, and exported free of duty. Customarily, only goods entered for local consumption will be subject to duties [...]...
42. Free Pratique The condition of a vessel which is in compliance with the health and sanitation laws of the country where it is berthed at any point in tíme. Prior to leaving port, a vessel must normally obtain from civil health authorities a "certificate of free pratique," also known as a bill of ......
43. Free Trade Area Summary of Free Trade Area An association of states that seeks to overcome impediments to trade among members by reducing or eliminating tariffs among the participants. The members of a free trade area do not maintain a common external tariff nor do they (usually) provide for the free flow [...]...
44. Free in and Out A condition in transportation under which the carrier has no responsibility to load or unload the vessel, barge, or other conveyance. The shipper is obliged to stow the cargo, and the consignee to effect unloading; loading and unloading expenses may be borne by either the shipper or the [...]...
45. Free Trade Introduction Free Trade, interchange of commodities across political frontiers without restrictions such as tariffs, quotas, or foreign exchange controls. This economic policy contrasts with protectionist policies that use such restrictions to protect or stimulate domestic industries. See [...]...
46. Fair Market Value The value an imported product would fetch, under similar circumstances of sale, were the goods sold in the country of origin. Customs authorities are usually interested in the fair market value of imported merchandise inasmuch as sales below such value may serve as the basis of a Dumping (...
47. Free Alongside A condition in a shipping contract whereby the shipper bears all costs of delivering the goods up to a ship's tackle. This definition is modified to accommodate local customs of the port. ......
48. Free List A listing of all commodities on which no customs duties are imposed.......
49. Free Of Address A condition in some charter parties stipulating that no address commission (read this and related legal terms for further details) will be paid.......
50. Free of Capture and Seizure A clause in an ocean marine policy that deletes from the list of covered perils the WAR RISKS (read this and related legal terms for further details) of capture and seizure, and losses attributable thereto. All such war-......
51. Free Perimeter A free trade area similar to a free port, consisting of a defined geographical area, often in a nation's interior, where customary trade regulations, taxes, and/or duties are not imposed; the usual object in establishing such a perimeter is to stimulate local production.......
52. Free Trade Zone Spanish Translation of free trade zoneThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to free trade zone and / or a definition of this topic: Zona de Libre Comercio (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry)....
53. Free Will Spanish Translation of free willThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to free will and / or a definition of this topic: Autonomía de la Voluntad (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry)....
54. Free Access to Law Movement ContentsFree Access to Law MovementConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these Entries Free Access to Law ... Read more...
55. Free legal information Examples of multi-sourced free access government-provided national legal information systems include, in Europe, Legifrance (France), FINLEX (Finland), Jersey Legal Information ... Read more...
56. Certificate of Free Sale A document issued by an agency of government, usually the health authority, certifying that a given product is in compliance with all local regulations and may be offered freely for sale within the country of origin. Normally, such certificates are issued to cover food products which are being [...]...
57. Common Market Summary of Common Market A supranational organization of trading nations, created to promote economic collaboration and minimize constraints on the free movement of goods among the member states. Features of a common market include elimination of tariffs on goods moving between member [...]...
58. Conditionally Free Merchandise that is permitted duty-free entry, providing certain conditions can be met, usually the submission of evidence that the goods are the product of a given country or will be used for an approved purpose. If the prescribed conditions are not met, the goods will be assessed the prevailing du......
59. Damage Free Car A railcar equipped with a cushioned underframe, adjustable bulkheads, and other special gear to afford added protection to the cargo during transit. This type of car is normally used by shippers of consumer or delicate products.......
60. Free of Particular Average A clause in a basic marine cargo insurance policy restricting settlements in the case of partial losses attributable to perils of the sea or incidents where the vessel has been sunk, burned, or stranded during the course of the voyage. An F.P.A. policy provides the most limited coverage. The [...]...
61. Interbank Market A market for the purchase and sale in the spot and forward markets for foreign exchange among major commercial banks. Very often, these banks will offer to purchase or sell exchange through brokers, thereby initially protecting the identity of the market participants in a given currency at a point i......
62. Market Access Summary of Market Access The degree of participation in the domestic market that a nation allows to foreign suppliers. Tariffs, quotas, and similar protective devices are devices imposed to limit market access. (Main Author: William J. Miller) Market Access and National Treatment in the [...]...
63. Market Disruption A condition in which foreign imports of a given product increase in quantity so rapidly as to cause, or threaten to cause, material injury to a competing domestic industry. A finding of market disruption before the International Trade Commission may result in retaliatory actions against the [...]...
64. Free Speech Free Speech......
65. Free Warehouse Spanish Translation of bond and free warehouseThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to bond or free warehouse and / or a definition of this topic: Depósito Franco (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry)....
66. Free Movement of Persons Free movement of persons (visas, asylum, immigration and other policies) and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Free movement of persons (visas, asylum, immigration and other policies) provided by the European Union Commission: The Treaty of Amsterdam, in force since 1 May 1999, [...]...
67. Free Trade Agreement Free Trade Agreement and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Free Trade Agreement: An agreement between two or more countries establishing a free trade area (FTA)....
68. Free Riders Free-Riders Free-Riders and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Free-Riders: In the context of the Uruguay Round discussions of a proposed Multilateral Trade Organization, [...]...
69. Free Trade Agreements In the United States For information about Free Trade Agreements in the context of international trade, click here United States-Singapore free trade agreement The United States-Singapore Free Trade Agreement has been in force since January 1, 2004. U.S. two way goods trade totaled $37 [...]...
70. Free Carrier (FCA) Free Carrier in International Trade Meaning of FCA (Free Carrier), according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): In Incoterms FCA the seller fulfils his obligation to deliver when he has handed over the goods, cleared for export, into the charge of the carrier [...]...
71. Free Expression Internet Speech, Defamation, Online Torts and The Good Samaritan Exemption in the Context of Internet Law Read, in this legal Encyclopedia, about the topic of this section, and, specially, about E-Commerce and the Rights of Free Speech, Press and Expression In Cyberspace...
72. Free Exercise Establishment of Religion, Free Exercise From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Establishment of Religion, Free Exercise (1): The first amendment to the United States constitution provides that "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or [...]...
73. Free Exercise Clause References See Also Constitutional Law Individual Rights Statutory Protection Individual Rights Resources See Also Constitutional Law Individual Rights Statutory Protection Individual Rights...
74. Free Rider Concept of Free Rider Note: explore also the meaning of this legal term in the American Ecyclopedia of Law. Resources See Also Political Economy Public Policy...
75. Free Association Embracing mainstream international law, this section on free association explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "free association" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law [...]...
76. Free City of Danzig Free City of Danzig and I.l.o. Case Embracing mainstream international law, this section on free city of danzig and i.l.o. case explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "free city of danzig and i.l.o. case" in [...]...
77. Free Territory of Trieste Embracing mainstream international law, this section on free territory of trieste explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "trieste, free territory of" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of [...]...
78. Free Movement of Capital Free Movement of Capital and Europe There is an entry on free movement of capital in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Free Movement of Capital" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", [...]...
79. Free Movement of Services Free Movement of Services and Europe There is an entry on free movement of services in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Free Movement of Services" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to [...]...
80. Free Movement of Goods Free Movement of Goods and Europe There is an entry on free movement of goods in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Free Movement of Goods" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by [...]...
81. Free Trade Exceptions Article XX GATT, Art XIV GATS This section provides an overview of article xx gatt, art xiv gats within the legal context of Specific Exemptions in Trade Law Protecting Domestic Policy Space in international economic law, with coverage of Protecting Domestic Policy Space (Principles). [...]...
82. Free Trade Commission Meeting of the CAFTA-DR Free Trade Commission In relation to the international law practice and Meeting of the Cafta-dr Free Trade Commission in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: Trade, Commercial Relations, Investment, Transportation About this subject: [...]...
83. Free Education Resources See Also Legal Education Education Education Law Higher Education Vocational Training Training...
84. Andean Common Market Considered in Andean Group.......
85. Carribbean Community And Common Market Commonly known as Caricom, the successor organization to the defunct Caribbean Free Trade Association (Carifta). The object of CARICOM was to stimulate regional development through the adoption of a common external tariff and uniform protectionist measures, harmonization of fiscal affairs, and conce......
86. Central American Common Market Summary of Central American Common Market A free trade area among the nations of Central America, established in 1960 by a treaty between El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua. The common market began operations in 1961, and Costa Rica joined the group in 1962. Honduras dropped [...]...
87. Dual Exchange Market A governmentally mandated system for the handling of foreign exchange transactions under which officially sanctioned imports or other approved transactions are accommodated at a given, prescribed rate of exchange while other transactions employ the market rate of exchange. For a listing of countries......
88. European Free Trade Association Summary of European Free Trade Association A free trade area consisting of seven European countries among which tariffs and quantitative restrictions on industrial imports have been eliminated. Established in 1960 by the Stockholm Convention, EFTA originally included Austria, Denmark, [...]...
89. Foreign Market Price For purposes of customs valuation comparisons, generally the price of like merchandise sold for consumption in the country of origin.......
90. London Discount Market The group of London discount houses that make a market for short-term government and commercial paper. The discount market is financed by secured loans from the London clearing banks.......
91. Latin American Free Trade Association A now defunct association of various Latin American states formed to orchestrate the elimination of tariffs among members within twelve years of its formation (at the rate of eight percent). LAFTA was created by the treaty of Montevideo on February 18, 1960, and commenced activities on June 1, 1961.......
92. North American Free Trade Agreement North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) On January 1, 1994 the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) established a single trade zone. North American Free Trade Agreement Resources There is a great deal of research material available on this subject. The difficulty is not in [...]...
93. Central Market A spot commodity market that serves as a national or regional center of trading activity, and often large-scale distribution of the products as well. Transactions are usually performed by dealers who serve as intermediary brokers between buyers and sellers.......
94. Goods In Free Circulation Merchandise not subject to customs restrictions. These goods would include locally produced (i.e., not imported) merchandise and goods that have been cleared by customs and upon which all duties and taxes have been paid.......
95. Primary Market A spot commodity market dealing in a local producing area. Ordinarily such markets develop around local transportation centers.......
96. Single Market Summary of Single Market A component feature of the Common Agricultural policy (read this and related legal terms for further details) of the European Economic Community.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Single Market and Europe There is an entry on single market in the European [...]...
97. Spot Market A market for commodities or currency in which the sale results in an immediate or nearly immediate exchange of the goods or instruments for cash, as compared with a futures market, which trades in contracts for the future delivery of the product.......
98. Free Movement of Workers Free Movement of Workers and the Principle of Equal Treatment and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Free Movement of Workers and the Principle of Equal Treatment provided by the European Union Commission: Every citizen of the EU has the right to work and live in another Member [...]...
99. Fob Free on Board Fob Free on Board in International Trade Meaning of Fob Free on Board, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): FOB is the oldest Incoterms and together with CIF the most widely used with sea transport. The seller delivers the goods by placing them on board the [...]...
100. For Free on Rail For Free on Rail in International Trade Meaning of For Free on Rail, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A no longer valid Incoterms, but still used for some traders when goods are delivered in railway station in the seller's country. The suitable term [...]...
101. Fot Free on Track Fot Free on Track in International Trade Meaning of Fot Free on Track, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A no longer valid Incoterms, but still used by some traders. The term may create confusion as to whether it applies to motor vehicle or to rail [...]...
102. Free Church Free Church, Seats, Lease From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Free Church, Seats, Lease (1): The trustees of a free church may assign seats and forcibly remove one from a seat without authority.454 Where a pew is real estate, a pewholder may acquire the right to it by [...]...
103. Free Zones Free Zones of Upper Savoy and District of Gex Case Embracing mainstream international law, this section on free zones of upper savoy and district of gex case explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "free zones of [...]...
104. Financial Market Resources See Also Trade Market White Market Financial Market Trade Law Competition Law...
105. European Common Market European Common MarketCross-reference: European Economic Community and European Union.......
106. Market-Oriented Distribution Center A product distribution center located close to the point of consumption rather than the point of manufacture. For example, an American manufacturer of a product sold in Europe might supply European customers from a (market-oriented) distribution center in Rotterdam, rather than directly from the U.S......
107. Open Market Operations A principal vehicle of the Federal Reserve system in expanding or contracting bank reserves. The Federal Open Market Committee, consisting of the entire Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve system, plus representatives of five of the twelve regional Federal Reserve banks (the New York Federal R......
108. Arab Common Market Arab Common Market Outline The ACM came into existence in 1965, pursuant to an agreement signed in 1964 by the Arab League states. Its initial members included Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Libya, Mauritania, Palestine Liberation Organisation, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, United Arab Emirates, Yeme......
109. Free Prior and Informed Consent Concept of Free Prior and Informed Consent Free Prior and Informed Consent may be defined as: The UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples recognizes Free Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) as Indigenous Peoples' right to determine and develop priorities and strategies, or to give [...]...
110. Market Market Reserve Policies and International Trade Resources See Also Economy Economic System Legal System Capitalism Resources See Also Law of Similars...
111. Market Value Embracing mainstream international law, this section on market value explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "market value" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law (currently, the [...]...
112. At the Market Resources See Also Market order...
113. Market-Inalienability ContentsMarket-InalienabilityConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these Entries Market-Inalienability   Margaret Jane Radin   Things that ... Read more...
114. Black Market Black Market Definition Black Market is the term designating the illicit sale of commodities in violation of government rationing and price-fixing. The term originated in Europe during World War I, when the introduction of rationing in belligerent countries tempted some persons with access [...]...
115. Warranted Free In marine insurance policies, an exclusion of coverage for the named peril. For example, "warranted free of capture and seizure" means the underwriter will assume no responsibility for such losses.......
116. Bonds Market Bonds in this SectionBondHow Bonds WorkTypes of BondsIssu......
117. Market Failure Market Imperfections or Market Failure and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Market Imperfections or Market Failure: Often refers to two sources of departure from perfect competition, i.e., [...]...
118. Market Power Market Power and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Market Power: The ability of an individual firm to exert control over prices prevailing in the markets for its products or services. The highest [...]...
119. Market Performance Market Performance and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Market Performance: The principal focus of competition policy, market performance refers to the degree to which a particular industry or [...]...
120. Grey Market Grey Market in International Trade Meaning of Grey Market, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A situation that consists of unauthorized traders buying and selling a company's product in different countries. Companies confronted with a grey situation can [...]...