Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. Freight Collect Freight Collect in International Trade Meaning of Freight Collect, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A shipping arrangement whereby the carrier collects its freight charges from the consignee rather than from the shipper. This usually happens when the [...]...
2. Shipper Shipper in International Trade Meaning of Shipper, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): As the party who contracts for carriage, the party who enters in a contract of carriage with a carrier and pays the carrier is in a position to give the carrier handling [...]...
3. Carriage Contract Carriage Contract in International Trade Meaning of Carriage Contract, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): An agreement between a carrier and another party for transportation. The other party will normally be the seller (or seller's agent) with freight [...]...
4. Bareboat Charter A time charter under which the charterer assumes full operational control of the chartered vessel, to include providing officers, crew, and supplies. A bareboat charter is also known as a demise charter.......
5. Time Charter The charter of a vessel for a specific period of time, during which the vessel will respond to operational direction from the charterer.......
6. Delivery Order Written instructions issued by the owner of goods or his authorized agent to the holder of such goods directing that the merchandise be released or shipped to a specified party.......
7. Dead Freight A payment made by a charterer to the owner of a vessel as compensation for stowing the ship to less than its capacity. The charterer is bound to ship a "full and complete cargo"; since freight is payable only on the cargo actually shipped, failure to deliver a full load deprives the [...]...
8. Movement Certificate Eur 1 Movement Certificate in International Trade Note: there is more information about this term in the European legal Encyclopedia. Meaning of Eur 1 Movement Certificate, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Goods transport certificate and proof of [...]...
9. Landbridge A method of transporting goods partially by land and partially by water as a substitute for all-water movements. Originated in the mid 1960s as a means of moving European-Far East cargoes across the United States during the interruption of Suez Canal service, the concept of land- bridge has [...]...
10. Transshipment The act of passing cargo from one carrier to another to continue the journey in those cases where the first carrier does not go from origin of a shipment to destination.......
11. Multimodal Transport The movement of goods by more than one mode, or type, of transport, for example, a movement by truck to a pier, then by ship to a foreign port, and finally by rail to the customer.......
12. Freight of All Kinds Freight of All Kinds in International Trade Meaning of FAK (Freight of All Kinds), according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Freight rate applicable to all types of goods and therefore is not restricted to a particular commodity. FAK freight rates are quoted [...]...
13. Divisions The pro rata sharing of freight revenue of a given shipment interchanged between two or more railroads. Since there is no national rail monopoly in the United States, and there are hundreds of rail carriers operating within the country, cargo moving over long distances is apt to travel over the line......
14. Bankable Charter A charter party in which the shipper is of such credit worthiness or financial Balance on Goods and Services. Balances on Current Account, Trade, and Services as Percent of GNP. standing that the vessel owner may use the charter contract as collateral for loans. In some cases, long-term charter agre......
15. Off-Charter The termination of a vessel charter agreement, freeing the vessel to pursue other cargoes. Off-charter should not be confused with off-hire, in which the payment of hire is suspended for some reason, but the contract remains in force.......
16. Mate's Receipt A document issued by a ship's officer acknowledging receipt of a specific quantity of cargo. A mate's receipt is usually issued only in conjunction with a vessel charter.......
17. C.I.F. Contract Definition of C.I.F. ContractIn accordance with the work A Dictionary of Law, this is a description of C.I.F. Contract : C.I.F. contract (cost. insurance. freight contract) A type of contract for the international sale of goods by which the seller agrees not only to supply the goods but also to [...]...
18. Guaranteed Freight Guaranteed Freight in International Trade Meaning of Guaranteed Freight, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Freight charges that are not prepaid but are payable whether the cargo is delivered or not, provided that failure to deliver resulted from causes [...]...
19. Hague Agreement The product of a 1924 conference on ocean carrier liability sponsored by the International Chamber of Commerce. The agreement embraced various defenses to carrier liability for loss or damage to cargo and established a limitation of liability at one hundred pounds sterling (approximately five hundre......
20. Flag Carrier Flag Carrier in International Trade Meaning of Flag Carrier, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A vessel registered under the flag of a particular country. Some counties support their merchant marine industry by limiting certain types of cargo to vessel [...]...
21. Contract Of Affreightment Contract Of Affreightment Summary of Contract Of Affreightment A contract, between the shipper of goods and a transport company, specifying the terms and conditions under which a given lot of merchandise is to be moved. The contract is usually evidenced by a bill of lading containing the [...]...
22. Carriage Of Goods By Sea Act Carriage Of Goods By Sea Act Summary of Carriage Of Goods By Sea Act Known commonly by the acronym COGSA, the principal U.S. statute governing carrier liabilities and immunities for loss and damage arising during the transport of goods by water in the foreign commerce of the United States. [...]...
23. Nafta Nafta Nafta in International Trade Meaning of Nafta, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A free trade agreement comprising Canada, Mexico and the United States. The objectives of the agreement are to eliminate barriers to trade, promote conditions of fair [...]...
24. Multimodal Transport Document Multimodal Transport Document in International Trade Meaning of Multimodal Transport Document, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A document issued or signed by a carrier indicating carriage by more than one means of transportation. For example, a [...]...
25. Freight Broker Synonymous with Cargo Broker (read this and related legal terms for further details), in vessel charter transactions.......
26. Address Commission A commission payable to a third party arising from a contract to charter a ship. Commonly known as ADCOM, this is not a brokerage fee but an additional commission paid by the vessel to any third party named by the charterer. An adcom is usually expressed as a percentage of the charter hire of the ve......
27. Back Letter A letter of indemnity issued by a shipper of cargo to a steamship line to secure issuance of a clean bill of lading where one might not be issued otherwise. For example, a carrier may initially refuse to issue a clean bill of lading for cargo which appears to be damaged; a notation to this [...]...
28. Dock Receipt A document used at some ports to acknowledge delivery of cargo to a pier for shipment aboard a given vessel. The format of a dock receipt often resembles that of a bill of lading and contains substantially the same information concerning the cargo; it is signed and/or stamped by the stevedore [...]...
29. Nvocc Nvocc in International Trade Meaning of Nvocc, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Non-vessel-operating common carrier is company providing point-to-point international transport of goods although it does not necessarily operate or own transport vehicles or [...]...
30. Cost and Freight (CFR) Cost and Freight in International Trade Meaning of Cost and Freight, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): In Incoterms CFR the seller must pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to named port of destination but the risk of loss and [...]...
31. Freight Forwarder Freight Forwarder in International Trade Meaning of Freight Forwarder, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A person engaged in the business of assembling, collection, consolidating, shipping and distributing less-than-carload or less-than-truckload freight. [...]...
32. Cartage The transfer of merchandise locally, e.g., from a pier to a nearby warehouse; also, the charge for cartage services.......
33. Deviation The departure by a vessel from the scope or route of the planned voyage. An unreasonable departure from the normal course of the voyage is generally considered improper and, in those cases where cargo interests suffer losses as a result of such a departure, a finding by a court that the vessel devia......
34. Air Freight Forwarder Definition of Air Freight Forwarder in International Trade The following is a concept of Air Freight Forwarder in the context of international trade law, from the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A freight forwarder for shipments by air. In many respects, air freight [...]...
35. Container Freight Station A warehouse or terminal licensed by U.S. Customs to receive in-bond consolidations of containerized cargo. The containers delivered to this station carry imported merchandise in small lots destined to many consignees; the goods will be removed from the containers under customs supervision and [...]...
36. Contract Shipper A merchant that has executed an Exclusive Patronage Contract (read this and related legal terms for further details) with a shipping conference, thereby agreeing to ship all its goods aboard vessels of steamship lines th......
37. Customary Freight Unit As used within the context of the Carriage of Goods by Sea Act, the unit upon which freight is assessed on bulk or unpackaged cargoes. The act provided that a carrier's liability for loss or damage to cargo shall be limited (in the 1980s) to $500 per package, or "other customary freight uni......
38. Feeder Vessel A small vessel or barge that carries goods from a principal port to outlying ports not served directly by the mother ship.......
39. Measurement Ton An expression of cubic measurement equal to forty cubic feet, used either to define the interior of a vessel or as a basis for assessing freight on cargo. With virtually worldwide conversion to metric measurement, a measurement/stow ton may be defined as the equal of a cubic meter, depending [...]...
40. Shipment Received For Shipment B/L in International Trade Meaning of Received For Shipment B/L, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A bill of lading which confirms the receipt of goods by the carrier, but not their actual loading on board. This document can be [...]...
41. CIM Transport Document CIM Transport Document in International Trade Meaning of Cim Transport Document, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): An internationally standardized freight document issued in rail transport. CIM stands for "Convention Internationale concernant le [...]...
42. Delivery Summary of Delivery The act whereby the owner of a vessel gives operational control over to the charterer.(Main Author: William J. Miller) In the United States For information about Delivery in the context of international trade, click here Delivery in International Trade Meaning [...]...
43. Non-Vessel Operating Common Carrier A common carrier providing point-to-point international transport of goods. This type of carrier, commonly known as NVOCC, may not actually operate any transport equipment, acting instead as a coordinator among actual carriers. For example, an NVOCC might issue a bill of lading from Saint Louis to M......
44. Contract Rate In the steamship industry, the freight rate applicable to goods shipped by a firm that has executed an exclusive patronage contract (read this and related legal terms for further details) with a Conference (...
45. Dry Port Dry Port in International Trade Meaning of Dry Port, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A dry port is a port situated near sea. If the importer or exporter is far away from a sea port, it will be an inconvenience to co-ordinate and handle the goods [...]...
46. Cargo Summary of Cargo Merchandise in the process of being transported; not to be confused with freight, which, in maritime usage, is the sum earned by a carrier for transporting goods. General cargo consists of various commodities comprising the property of many shippers or consignees; special [...]...
47. Owner's Charter Party A contract covering the hire of a vessel with provisions particularly favorable to the vessel's owner. See Charter Party.......
48. Fiata Bill of Lading (FBL) Fiata Bill of Lading in International Trade Meaning of FBL (Fiata Bill of Lading), according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The FIATA Bill of Lading serves as a shipping contract and a proof that the goods have been carried with the use of more than one [...]...
49. New Jason Clause A stipulation in ocean bills of lading subject to the U.S. carriage of goods by Sea Act (read this and related legal terms for further details). Prior to the adoption of the Harter Act of 1893, American law recognized no......
50. Air Freight Consolidator Definition of Air Freight Consolidator in International Trade The following is a concept of Air Freight Consolidator in the context of international trade law, from the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A company that obtains a low freight-of-all-kinds freight rate from [...]...
51. Brokerage A commission paid to a licensed foreign freight forwarder by an ocean carrier as an inducement to route cargo aboard the carrier's vessels. This commission usually runs between 1.25 and 2.5 percent of the freight paid to the carrier, although higher commission rates are not uncommon, [...]...
52. Common Carrier Read Carrier as cross-reference......
53. Currency Adjustment Factor A surcharge imposed on ocean freight by a carrier to offset or mitigate the impact of exchange rate fluctuations upon his freight revenue.......
54. Container Container in International Trade Meaning of Container, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A single, non-disposable structure to be filled with smaller objects to facilitate transportation. Containers are used extensively in waterborne, air and rail [...]...
55. Container Vessel Container Vessel in International Trade Meaning of Container Vessel, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): An ocean going vessel designed specifically to easily handle the loading, stowage and off-loading of ocean freight containers. Containers may be stowed [...]...
56. Rebate (Freight) In trade routes not involving the United States (e.g., Japan to Europe), the practice is legal and accepted. Rebating is often institutionalized in the merchant's contract with a Conference (read this legal term for further details), wherein ......
57. Consignment Contract Consignment Contract in International Trade Meaning of Consignment Contract, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A contract by which a seller (consignor) delivers goods to an individual or entity (consignee) that will sell them. For goods sold, the consignee [...]...
58. Pre-carriage Pre-carriage in International Trade Meaning of Pre-carriage, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Transportation from the place where a shipping originates to the departure point on the seller's side. Pre-carriage brings the goods to the main carrier, and [...]...
59. Weight W/M in International Trade Meaning of W/m, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Weight or measurement is a method of quoting freight rates: 1. for sea freight, per metric ton (1.000 kilograms) or per cubic meter (35.3 cubic feet) whichever is greater; 2. for [...]...
60. Freight Tariff Not Otherwise Specified (NOS) in International Trade Meaning of Not Otherwise Specified (NOS), according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): This expression and abbreviation is often applied to air freight tariffs, indicates that the rate stated in the tariff applies [...]...
61. Free Ships/free Goods A position asserted by certain authorities in international law that all cargo carried aboard a neutral vessel is exempt from seizure by belligerents in time of war. This view conflicts with a more widely held attitude that belligerents have a legal right to interdict munitions and supplies with war......
62. Free in and Out A condition in transportation under which the carrier has no responsibility to load or unload the vessel, barge, or other conveyance. The shipper is obliged to stow the cargo, and the consignee to effect unloading; loading and unloading expenses may be borne by either the shipper or the [...]...
63. Free of Capture and Seizure A clause in an ocean marine policy that deletes from the list of covered perils the WAR RISKS (read this and related legal terms for further details) of capture and seizure, and losses attributable thereto. All such war-......
64. Free Port Summary of Free Port A type of foreign trade zone (read this and related legal terms for further details), encompassing an entire port area, into which goods can be shipped, stored, and exported free of duty. Customarily, only goods entered for local consumption will be subject to duties [...]...
65. Free Trade Area Summary of Free Trade Area An association of states that seeks to overcome impediments to trade among members by reducing or eliminating tariffs among the participants. The members of a free trade area do not maintain a common external tariff nor do they (usually) provide for the free flow [...]...
66. Alongside Definition of Alongside in International Trade The following is a concept of Alongside in the context of international trade law, from the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A phrase referring to the side of a vessel: goods to be delivered "alongside" are to be [...]...
67. Free Trade Introduction Free Trade, interchange of commodities across political frontiers without restrictions such as tariffs, quotas, or foreign exchange controls. This economic policy contrasts with protectionist policies that use such restrictions to protect or stimulate domestic industries. See [...]...
68. Free Astray The free onward movement to the consignee by a common carrier of merchandise that has been erroneously discharged at the wrong terminal.......
69. Free Coinage The system under which any individual may take bullion to the mint and have it coined. In the United States free coinage of silver persisted from 1792 to 1873; free coinage of gold was practiced from 1792 to 1933. The government's charge for converting bullion to coin is known as brassage; any p......
70. Free Dispatch A provision in a charter party that precludes payment of Despatch Money (read this and related legal terms for further details) for early release of a vessel.......
71. Free Market The economic system of a nation in which market forces determine which goods and services are produced, and at what price they are offered. Free market economies do not contain substantial government controls on resource availability, price levels, or central planning of economic objectives.......
72. Free of Particular Average A clause in a basic marine cargo insurance policy restricting settlements in the case of partial losses attributable to perils of the sea or incidents where the vessel has been sunk, burned, or stranded during the course of the voyage. An F.P.A. policy provides the most limited coverage. The [...]...
73. Free Of Turn A condition in a vessel charter party that laytime commences as soon as the ship arrives in port and notice of readiness has been given, irrespective of whether a berth is ready.......
74. Free Pratique The condition of a vessel which is in compliance with the health and sanitation laws of the country where it is berthed at any point in tíme. Prior to leaving port, a vessel must normally obtain from civil health authorities a "certificate of free pratique," also known as a bill of ......
75. Free Trade Zone Spanish Translation of free trade zoneThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to free trade zone and / or a definition of this topic: Zona de Libre Comercio (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry)....
76. Free Trade Agreement Free Trade Agreement and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Free Trade Agreement: An agreement between two or more countries establishing a free trade area (FTA)....
77. Free Carrier (FCA) Free Carrier in International Trade Meaning of FCA (Free Carrier), according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): In Incoterms FCA the seller fulfils his obligation to deliver when he has handed over the goods, cleared for export, into the charge of the carrier [...]...
78. Free Will Spanish Translation of free willThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to free will and / or a definition of this topic: Autonomía de la Voluntad (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry)....
79. Free Access to Law Movement Contents Free Access to Law Movement The Free Access to Law Movement is a collective of legal projects from various ... Read more...
80. Free legal information Examples of multi-sourced free access government-provided national legal information systems include, in Europe, Legifrance (France), FINLEX (Finland), Jersey Legal Information ... Read more...
81. Certificate of Free Sale A document issued by an agency of government, usually the health authority, certifying that a given product is in compliance with all local regulations and may be offered freely for sale within the country of origin. Normally, such certificates are issued to cover food products which are being [...]...
82. Free List A listing of all commodities on which no customs duties are imposed.......
83. Free Of Address A condition in some charter parties stipulating that no address commission (read this and related legal terms for further details) will be paid.......
84. Free Perimeter A free trade area similar to a free port, consisting of a defined geographical area, often in a nation's interior, where customary trade regulations, taxes, and/or duties are not imposed; the usual object in establishing such a perimeter is to stimulate local production.......
85. Free Speech Free Speech......
86. Free Warehouse Spanish Translation of bond and free warehouseThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to bond or free warehouse and / or a definition of this topic: Depósito Franco (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry)....
87. Free Movement of Persons Free movement of persons (visas, asylum, immigration and other policies) and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Free movement of persons (visas, asylum, immigration and other policies) provided by the European Union Commission: The Treaty of Amsterdam, in force since 1 May 1999, [...]...
88. Free Riders Free-Riders Free-Riders and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Free-Riders: In the context of the Uruguay Round discussions of a proposed Multilateral Trade Organization, [...]...
89. Free Trade Agreements In the United States For information about Free Trade Agreements in the context of international trade, click here United States-Singapore free trade agreement The United States-Singapore Free Trade Agreement has been in force since January 1, 2004. U.S. two way goods trade totaled $37 [...]...
90. Fob Free on Board Fob Free on Board in International Trade Meaning of Fob Free on Board, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): FOB is the oldest Incoterms and together with CIF the most widely used with sea transport. The seller delivers the goods by placing them on board the [...]...
91. For Free on Rail For Free on Rail in International Trade Meaning of For Free on Rail, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A no longer valid Incoterms, but still used for some traders when goods are delivered in railway station in the seller's country. The suitable term [...]...
92. Fot Free on Track Fot Free on Track in International Trade Meaning of Fot Free on Track, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A no longer valid Incoterms, but still used by some traders. The term may create confusion as to whether it applies to motor vehicle or to rail [...]...
93. Free Expression Internet Speech, Defamation, Online Torts and The Good Samaritan Exemption in the Context of Internet Law Read, in this legal Encyclopedia, about the topic of this section, and, specially, about E-Commerce and the Rights of Free Speech, Press and Expression In Cyberspace...
94. Free Exercise Establishment of Religion, Free Exercise From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Establishment of Religion, Free Exercise (1): The first amendment to the United States constitution provides that "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or [...]...
95. Free Exercise Clause References See Also Constitutional Law Individual Rights Statutory Protection Individual Rights Resources See Also Constitutional Law Individual Rights Statutory Protection Individual Rights...
96. Free Rider Concept of Free Rider Note: explore also the meaning of this legal term in the American Ecyclopedia of Law. Resources See Also Political Economy Public Policy...
97. Free Association Embracing mainstream international law, this section on free association explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "free association" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law [...]...
98. Free City of Danzig Free City of Danzig and I.l.o. Case Embracing mainstream international law, this section on free city of danzig and i.l.o. case explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "free city of danzig and i.l.o. case" in [...]...
99. Free Territory of Trieste Embracing mainstream international law, this section on free territory of trieste explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "trieste, free territory of" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of [...]...
100. Free Movement of Capital Free Movement of Capital and Europe There is an entry on free movement of capital in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Free Movement of Capital" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", [...]...
101. Free Movement of Services Free Movement of Services and Europe There is an entry on free movement of services in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Free Movement of Services" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to [...]...
102. Free Movement of Goods Free Movement of Goods and Europe There is an entry on free movement of goods in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Free Movement of Goods" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by [...]...
103. Free Trade Exceptions Article XX GATT, Art XIV GATS This section provides an overview of article xx gatt, art xiv gats within the legal context of Specific Exemptions in Trade Law Protecting Domestic Policy Space in international economic law, with coverage of Protecting Domestic Policy Space (Principles). [...]...
104. Free Trade Commission Meeting of the CAFTA-DR Free Trade Commission In relation to the international law practice and Meeting of the Cafta-dr Free Trade Commission in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: Trade, Commercial Relations, Investment, Transportation About this subject: [...]...
105. Free Education Resources See Also Legal Education Education Education Law Higher Education Vocational Training Training...
106. Conditionally Free Merchandise that is permitted duty-free entry, providing certain conditions can be met, usually the submission of evidence that the goods are the product of a given country or will be used for an approved purpose. If the prescribed conditions are not met, the goods will be assessed the prevailing du......
107. Damage Free Car A railcar equipped with a cushioned underframe, adjustable bulkheads, and other special gear to afford added protection to the cargo during transit. This type of car is normally used by shippers of consumer or delicate products.......
108. Free Movement of Workers Free Movement of Workers and the Principle of Equal Treatment and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Free Movement of Workers and the Principle of Equal Treatment provided by the European Union Commission: Every citizen of the EU has the right to work and live in another Member [...]...
109. Lifo Liner in Free Out Lifo Liner in Free Out in International Trade Meaning of Lifo Liner in Free Out, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): In international trade, referring to a freight charge which includes the cost of loading in the port of departure but does not include [...]...
110. Free Church Free Church, Seats, Lease From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Free Church, Seats, Lease (1): The trustees of a free church may assign seats and forcibly remove one from a seat without authority.454 Where a pew is real estate, a pewholder may acquire the right to it by [...]...
111. Free Zones Free Zones of Upper Savoy and District of Gex Case Embracing mainstream international law, this section on free zones of upper savoy and district of gex case explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "free zones of [...]...
112. European Free Trade Association Summary of European Free Trade Association A free trade area consisting of seven European countries among which tariffs and quantitative restrictions on industrial imports have been eliminated. Established in 1960 by the Stockholm Convention, EFTA originally included Austria, Denmark, [...]...
113. Free Prior and Informed Consent Concept of Free Prior and Informed Consent Free Prior and Informed Consent may be defined as: The UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples recognizes Free Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) as Indigenous Peoples' right to determine and develop priorities and strategies, or to give [...]...
114. Latin American Free Trade Association A now defunct association of various Latin American states formed to orchestrate the elimination of tariffs among members within twelve years of its formation (at the rate of eight percent). LAFTA was created by the treaty of Montevideo on February 18, 1960, and commenced activities on June 1, 1961.......
115. North American Free Trade Agreement North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) On January 1, 1994 the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) established a single trade zone. North American Free Trade Agreement Resources There is a great deal of research material available on this subject. The difficulty is not in [...]...
116. Goods In Free Circulation Merchandise not subject to customs restrictions. These goods would include locally produced (i.e., not imported) merchandise and goods that have been cleared by customs and upon which all duties and taxes have been paid.......
117. Warranted Free In marine insurance policies, an exclusion of coverage for the named peril. For example, "warranted free of capture and seizure" means the underwriter will assume no responsibility for such losses.......
118. Right to Free Movement Resources See Also Civil Liberty Civil Right Legal Right Citizen Freedom Political Liberty Constitutional Right Political Right Freedom of Speech...
119. Baltic Free Trade Area Baltic Free Trade Area in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Baltic Free Trade Area: A prospective free trade area linking Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. Objectives include elimination of [...]...
120. Cafta-dr Free Trade Commission Meeting of the Cafta-dr Free Trade Commission in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): The first meeting of the CAFTA-DR Free Trade Commission was held on February 22-23, 2011, in San Salvador, El [...]...