Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. Enterprises Tripartite Declaration Of Principles Concerning Multinational Enterprises And Social Policy A pronouncement by the Governing Body of the International Labour Office concerning the obligations of multinational firms to the workers and societies within which they operate. The declaration [...]...
2. Multinational Concept of Multinational An introductory definition of Multinational is provided here: Involving more than two nations. The term multinational can be contrasted with binational or bilateral (only two) or unilateral (only one). Concept of Multinational Note: explore also the meaning of this [...]...
3. Joint Venture Summary of Joint Venture A business enterprise with more than one equity participant; for example, an agreement between a German firm and a U.S. firm to capitalize jointly a new factory in Venezuela. Many countries impose restrictions on joint ventures; these restrictions may take the form [...]...
4. Equity Joint Venture Equity Joint Venture (EJV) in International Trade Meaning of Equity Joint Venture (EJV), according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A type of joint venture in which two or more parties set up a separate legal company to act as the vehicle for carrying out the [...]...
5. Indigenization Resources See Also Multinational International Commercial Law Corporate Law Business Entity Foreign Direct Investment Permanent Establishment International Joint Venture Foreign enterprise...
6. Subsidiary Subsidiary or Subordinate Election Management Body in Election Law An Election Management Body (EMB) that is not the primary or principal entity responsible for the organisation of elections within a given state. It may be regional or local. Subsidiary in International Trade Meaning of [...]...
7. Expatriate Worker Resources See Also Multinational International Commercial Law Corporate Law Business Entity Foreign Direct Investment Permanent Establishment International Joint Venture Foreign enterprise...
8. Indigenous Worker Resources See Also Multinational International Commercial Law Corporate Law Business Entity Foreign Direct Investment Permanent Establishment International Joint Venture Foreign enterprise...
9. International Relocation of Industry Resources See Also Multinational International Commercial Law Corporate Law Business Entity Foreign Direct Investment Permanent Establishment International Joint Venture Foreign enterprise...
10. Business Development Service Resources See Also Enterprise Joint Enterprise Joint Venture...
11. Business Support Network Resources See Also Enterprise Joint Enterprise Joint Venture...
12. Restrictive Business Practice Resources See Also Enterprise Joint Enterprise Joint Venture...
13. Business Policy Resources See Also Enterprise Joint Enterprise Joint Venture...
14. Business Start Up Resources See Also Enterprise Joint Enterprise Joint Venture...
15. Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS): A US government inter-agency [...]...
16. Trade Union Merger Resources See Also Enterprise Joint Enterprise Joint Venture...
17. Family Farm Resources See Also Enterprise Joint Enterprise Joint Venture...
18. Family Worker Resources See Also Enterprise Joint Enterprise Joint Venture...
19. Farm Size Resources See Also Enterprise Joint Enterprise Joint Venture...
20. State Intervention Resources See Also Enterprise Joint Enterprise Joint Venture...
21. Venture Capital Venture Capital Definition Venture Capital may be defined as money or capital provided for new business ventures by investors other than the original proprietor. The term is sometimes also used for capital provided to rescue or turn around a company. Venture capitalists—that is, [...]...
22. Contractual Joint Venture Contractual Joint Venture in International Trade Meaning of Contractual Joint Venture, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Agreement in which two parties come together for a particular business project and sign a contract outlining the terms under which they [...]...
23. Shop Floor Level Resources See Also Enterprise Joint Enterprise Joint Venture...
24. Workers Stock Ownership Resources See Also Enterprise Joint Enterprise Joint Venture...
25. Non-Discrimination on Foreign Direct Investment Non-Discrimination on Foreign Direct Investment in International Economic Law In international economic law, non-discrimination on foreign direct investment includes the following legal areas, with coverage in this world legal encyclopedia: li> Most-Favoured Nation Treatment in Investment Law [...]...
26. Corporate Group Resources See Also Enterprise Joint Enterprise Joint Venture...
27. Corporate Restructuring Resources See Also Enterprise Joint Enterprise Joint Venture...
28. Electronic Network Resources See Also Enterprise Joint Enterprise Joint Venture...
29. Industrial District Resources See Also Enterprise Joint Enterprise Joint Venture...
30. Industrial Integration Resources See Also Enterprise Joint Enterprise Joint Venture...
31. Interenterprise Cooperation Resources See Also Enterprise Joint Enterprise Joint Venture...
32. Labor Flexibility Resources See Also Enterprise Joint Enterprise Joint Venture...
33. Land Nationalization Resources See Also Enterprise Joint Enterprise Joint Venture...
34. Land Ownership Resources See Also Enterprise Joint Enterprise Joint Venture...
35. Management Buyout Resources See Also Enterprise Joint Enterprise Joint Venture...
36. Production Networks Resources See Also Enterprise Joint Enterprise Joint Venture...
37. Public Land Resources See Also Enterprise Joint Enterprise Joint Venture...
38. Public Ownership Resources See Also Enterprise Joint Enterprise Joint Venture...
39. Small Hotel Resources See Also Enterprise Joint Enterprise Joint Venture...
40. Work Organization Resources See Also Enterprise Joint Enterprise Joint Venture...
41. Workers Buyout Resources See Also Enterprise Joint Enterprise Joint Venture...
42. Excess Foreign Currencies Foreign currency, derived from the sale of U.S. agricultural commodities under P.L. 480, in excess of current U.S. requirements. Periodically, the U.S. Treasury reviews the foreign currency position of the U.S. government. Upon finding that holdings of any given currency exceed requirements for that......
43. Merger Resources See Also Enterprise Joint Enterprise Joint Venture...
44. Microenterprise Resources See Also Enterprise Joint Enterprise Joint Venture...
45. Rules for Foreign Direct Investment at the Wto Rules for Foreign Direct Investment at the WTO: Building on Regional Trade Agreements and the World Trade Organization Rules for Foreign Direct Investment at the WTO: Building on Regional Trade Agreements in relation to the World Trade Organization (WTO) covers several issues....
46. Industrial Census Resources See Also Enterprise Joint Enterprise Joint Venture...
47. Private Ownership Resources See Also Enterprise Joint Enterprise Joint Venture...
48. Small Scale Resources See Also Enterprise Joint Enterprise Joint Venture...
49. Vertical Integration Summary of Vertical Integration Also known as vertical expansion, the incorporation into a business or economy of earlier or subsequent stages in the channel of production. For example, a chemical producer may undertake (backward) vertical integration by producing its own petroleum as raw [...]...
50. National Foreign Trade Council National Foreign Trade Council in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of National Foreign Trade Council: An organization of US companies engaged in international trade and investment, based in [...]...
51. Denationalization Resources See Also Enterprise Joint Enterprise Joint Venture...
52. Self Employment Resources See Also Enterprise Joint Enterprise Joint Venture...
53. Horizontal Integration Summary of Horizontal Integration Also known as horizontal expansion, the expansion of a firm through the acquisition of additional production capacity in its primary field. For example, a shipping company may expand horizontally by acquiring other vessels on the same trade route.(Main [...]...
54. Portfolio Investment A minority interest in a foreign venture from which income is derived in the form of dividends; normally such an interest does not convey any significant control over the management or operations of the foreign firm.......
55. Foreign Investment THE ROLE IN THE PROTECTION AND PROMOTION OF FOREIGN INVESTMENT OF: The World Bank Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID); The Convention establishing the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency; and Bilateral Investment Protection Agreements (IPPAs). (London, 1994) The [...]...
56. Foreign Capital Resources See Also Multinational International Commercial Law Corporate Law Business Entity Foreign Direct Investment Permanent Establishment International Joint Venture Foreign enterprise...
57. Foreign Owned Resources See Also Multinational International Commercial Law Corporate Law Business Entity Foreign Direct Investment Permanent Establishment International Joint Venture Foreign enterprise...
58. International Enterprise Resources See Also Multinational International Commercial Law Corporate Law Business Entity Foreign Direct Investment Permanent Establishment International Joint Venture Foreign enterprise...
59. Family Enterprise Resources See Also Economy Economic System Legal System Capitalism...
60. Foreign Law ContentsForeign LawForeign LawConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these Entries Foreign Law Foreign law and international ... Read more...
61. Foreign Spanish Translation of foreignThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to foreign and / or a definition of this topic: Extranjero (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry)....
62. Foreign Aid Concept of Foreign Aid An introductory definition of Foreign Aid is provided here: Donations of money, goods, or services from one nation to another. Such donations can be made for a humanitarian, altruistic purpose, or to advance the national interests of the giving nation. While in total [...]...
63. Foreign Sovereign Inmunity Act ContentsForeign Sovereign Inmunity ActUS main Decisions:ConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these Entries Foreign Sovereign Inmunity ... Read more...
64. Foreign Laws ContentsForeign LawsForeign Laws ResourcesResearch guidesGatewaysPrimary sourcesConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these Entries Foreign Laws Secondary ... Read more...
65. Foreign Law Guide (FLG) Foreign Law Guide (FLG) The FLG is the outstanding and comprehensive Foreign Law Guide. It contains the most up-to-date research ... Read more...
66. Foreign Trade Foreign Trade Definition Foreign Trade is the exchange of goods and services between nations. Goods can be defined as finished products, as intermediate goods used in producing other goods, or as agricultural products and foodstuffs. Introduction International trade enables a [...]...
67. Foreign Banking Corporations An Edge Act bank. See Edge Act Corporation.......
68. Foreign Bill Of Exchange A bill of exchange (read here for further details) drawn in one state or country and payable in another.......
69. Foreign Corporation A corporation operating in a jurisdiction other than the one in which it was chartered. For example, a corporation chartered in France and one chartered in Connecticut would be equally foreign in New York. Occasionally the term alien corporation is applied to distinguish corporations chartered in no......
70. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act A Federal law, adopted in 1977, that forbids any U.S. company, its officers, employees, directors, agents, or major stockholders to make payments to any foreign official, candidate for office, or political party as an inducement to obtain, retain, or expand business. Violation of the act authorizes ......
71. Foreign Currency Statement A financial statement prepared using a functional currency other than that in which the firm customarily reports.......
72. Foreign Currency Transaction For accounting purposes, a transaction stated in terms of a currency other than the firm's functional currency. The purchase or sale of goods priced in terms of a foreign currency and the lending or borrowing of foreign funds represent such transactions.......
73. Foreign Currency Translation The accounting process employed in expressing, in terms of a firm's reporting currency, those transactions that are denominated in a different currency.......
74. Foreign Entity Within the meaning of financial Accounting Standards Board Statement No. 8 (read this and related legal terms for further details) relative to accounting for foreign currency transactions, aforeign entity is an affiliate......
75. Foreign Freight Forwarder A firm, licensed by the Federal Maritime Commission, that serves as the agent of a merchant in arranging the shipment of goods by water. Among other services, the forwarder obtains vessel space, prepares documents, and arranges delivery of merchandise to the pier.The forwarder is paid a......
76. Foreign Sales Corporation Act A component of the Tax Reform Act of 1984, which permits formation of Foreign Sales Corporations (FSC, pronounced "fisk") as a tax incentive to American exporters, and revises tax treatment of income earned by Domestic International Sales Corporations (...
77. Foreign Tax Credit System A taxing scheme which permits a firm to offset income tax liabilities in its home country by applying sums paid to foreign tax authorities as credits against the domestic tax burden. For example, if an American firm doing business in Canada paid one million dollars in income taxes to the Canadian go......
78. Foreign Trade Zone An enclosed area in or near a port of entry that, while located on American territory, is effectively outside the customs jurisdiction of the United States. Such zones were authorized by the Foreign Trade Zones Act of 1934 as areas where foreign products might be entered, stored, manipulated, manufa......
79. Foreign Traders Index A database of foreign importers or potential importers of American products maintained by the International Trade Administration of the U.S. Department of Commerce as a source of business data for U.S. exporters. The file contains information on more than 140,000 potential purchasers in 143 countrie......
80. Foreign Policy COREU (CORespondance EUropéenne) and the Treaties of the European Union Description of COREU (CORespondance EUropéenne) provided by the European Union Commission: Coreu is an EU communication network between the Member States and the Commission for cooperation in the fields of [...]...
81. Foreign Sovereign Immunities Jurisdiction of States Note: This section covers also the Principles of Jurisdiction. Immunities from Jurisdiction The principle of sovereign equality of States requires that the official representatives of one State should not be subject to the jurisdiction of another State. For example, [...]...
82. Foreign Asset Control In the United States For information about Foreign Asset Control in the context of international trade, click here...
83. Foreign Employees In the United States For information about Foreign employees in the context of international trade, click here...
84. Foreign Sovereign Immunity In the United States For information about Foreign Sovereign Immunity in the context of international trade, click here...
85. Foreign Trade Control Law In the United States For information about Foreign Trade Control Law in the context of international trade, click here...
86. Foreign Assets Resources See Also Further Reading Information about Foreign Assets in the Encyclopedia of World Trade: from Ancient Times to the Present (Cynthia Clark Northrup) ...
87. Foreign Asylum Russian Refugees and Foreign Asylum: International Incident In the book "International Incidents for Discussion in Conversation Classes", in relation to terminox, L. Oppenheim wrote in 1909: The following appeared in the Times of March 6th, 1908, dated Paris, March 5th: [...]...
88. Foreign Currency Foreign Currency in International Trade Meaning of Foreign Currency, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The currency of any foreign country which is authorized medium of circulation and the basis for record keeping in that country. Foreign currency is [...]...
89. Foreign Currency Account Foreign Currency Account in International Trade Meaning of Foreign Currency Account, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): An account maintained in a foreign bank in the currency of the country in which the bank is located. When such accounts are kept, they [...]...
90. Foreign Direct Investment Foreign Direct Investment in International Trade Meaning of FDI (Foreign Direct Investment), according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The controlling ownership in a business enterprise in one country by an entity based in another country. According to balance of [...]...
91. Foreign Exchange Foreign Exchange in International Trade Meaning of Foreign Exchange, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Current or liquid claims payable in foreign currency and in a foreign country (bank balances, checks, bills of exchange). Not to be confused with foreign [...]...
92. Foreign Flag Violation of a Foreign Flag: International Incident In the book "International Incidents for Discussion in Conversation Classes", in relation to terminox, L. Oppenheim wrote in 1909: A political criminal, imprisoned in Port-au-Prince, in Hayti, escapes from the prison and makes for [...]...
93. Foreign Government Recognizion Foreign Government Recognizion: Summary of Argument in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): Petitioner's claim that he is entitled under Section 214(d) to have the Secretary of State designate [...]...
94. Foreign Official United States Brief as Amicus in the us Court of Appeals For the Fourth Circuit in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): In addition, Samantar's contention that courts are free to override the State [...]...
95. Foreign Officials Immunity Immunity, Foreign Officials in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): In 2010, the U.S. Supreme Court held in Samantar v. Yousuf that the FSIA does not govern the immunity of foreign officials. see this [...]...
96. Foreign State Definition of "foreign State" in the Fsia in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): Having concluded that the multi-national character of the EC is not a bar to the EC's status as an organ, [...]...
97. Foreign Terrorist Organizations Foreign Terrorist Organizations in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): In 2011, the Secretary of State continued to designate additional entities as Foreign Terrorist Organizations ("FTOs") [...]...
98. Foreign Official Immunity Samantar v. Yousuf in 2013 United States views on international law [1] in relation to Samantar v. Yousuf: After the Supreme Court decided the issue of applicability of the FSIA to foreign official immunity in Samantar in 2010, the case was remanded to the district court. The United States [...]...
99. Foreign State Recognition Executive Branch Authority Over Foreign State Recognition in 2013 United States views on international law [1] in relation to Executive Branch Authority Over Foreign State Recognition: On July 23, 2013, a three judge panel of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia decided [...]...
100. Foreign Policy Analysis Literature Review on Foreign Policy Analysis In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Eric K. Leonard offers the following summary about the topic of Foreign Policy Analysis: In the 1950s, the field of international politics (IP) split in two. The study of IP [...]...
101. Foreign Criminal Jurisdiction Immunity of Foreign Officials In relation to the international law practice and immunity of foreign officials in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: Privileges and Immunities About this subject:Overview Note: there is detailed information and resources [...]...
102. Foreign Office Certificate Embracing mainstream international law, this section on foreign office certificate explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "foreign office certificate" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of [...]...
103. Foreign Relations Law Embracing mainstream international law, this section on foreign relations law explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "foreign relations law" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International [...]...
104. Foreign Law, Application and Ascertainment Foreign Law, Application and Ascertainment in Private International Law This section contain conflict of laws information and cross references related to foreign law, application and ascertainment on some major countries and additional jurisdictions. It covers key issues involved when citizens [...]...
105. Foreign Law, Judicial Review Foreign Law, Judicial Review in Private International Law This section contain conflict of laws information and cross references related to foreign law, judicial review on some major countries and additional jurisdictions. It covers key issues involved when citizens face international [...]...
106. Foreign Bank United States Offices of Foreign Bank in relation with Foreign Banks This content deals with legal and regulatory aspects of United States Offices of Foreign Bank covered in connexion with Foreign Banks and banking / lending Institutions....
107. Foreign Administrator Description of Foreign Administrator Resources See Also Executors Administrators...
108. Foreign Exchange Control Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance International Public Finance...
109. Foreign Exchange Reserve Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance International Public Finance...
110. Foreign Country Search Engine listing ContentsForeign country Search Engine listingArgentinaAustralia & New ZealandBelgiumBrazilCanadaChileColumbiaCosta RicaCzech RepublicDenmarkEcuadorEl SalvadorFinlandFranceGermanyGuatemalaHondurasHungaryIndiaIsraelItalyJapanKenyaKoreaMexicoNetherlandsNorthern EuropeNorwayPanamaParaguayPeruPolandPortugalSouth AfricaSpainSwedenSwitzerlandUnited KingdomUruguayVenezuelaConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s ... Read more...
111. Foreign Assets Control Regulations A pronouncement issued under authority of Section 5 (b) of the trading with the enemy act (read this and related legal terms for further details) that prohibits importation of products manufactured in, or containing comp......
112. Foreign Base Finance Company It was a financing operation organized abroad (usually in a tax haven) that had as its main purpose the arranging of loans abroad in Eurocurrencies, almost always on behalf of its parent or affiliates.......
113. Foreign Credit Insurance Association An association of fifty U.S. insurance companies that operates in conjunction with the EXPORT-IMPORT bank (read this and related legal terms for further details), or Eximbank, to insure commercial risks associated with e......
114. Foreign International Sales Corporation A foreign corporation controlled by a Domestic International Sales Corporation(read this and related legal terms for further details) (DISC) that satisfies the requirements of Section 993 of the Internal Reve......
115. Foreign Corrupt Practices Legislation The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act Explained in the United States of America (In the U.S. law) References See Also Business Law (in international or comparative law) Resources See Also Business Law...
116. Foreign Policy Interest of the United States Dismissal of the Claims Against Erste Bank Group ag and Mkb Bank in This Action Would be in the Foreign Policy Interest of the United States in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): The German Foundation [...]...
117. Foreign Investment in the United States Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States in 2013 (Continuation) United States views on international law [1] in relation to Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States: So plaintiff's entire ultra vires claim is premised upon the notion that the only thing the [...]...
118. Foreign Sovereign Immunities Legislation Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act in 2013 United States views on international law [1] in relation to Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act: The Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act ("FSIA"), 28 U.S.C. §§ 1330, 1441, 1602–1611, governs claims of immunity in civil actions [...]...
119. Foreign Trade Arbitration Commission The Foreign Trade Arbitration Commission (USSR) Name of this Court The Foreign Trade Arbitration Commission (USSR) is the standarized name of one of the National Courts - see the entries in the corresponding legal Encyclopedia (of this project) about court rules and procedural law for more [...]...
120. Enterprise Enterprise for the Americas Initiative and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Enterprise for the Americas Initiative: A program launched in 1990 as a vehicle for defining a [...]...