Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. Agriculture Agriculture in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Agriculture: Counterpart committees in the industrial sector are known as ISACs. See also IFACs. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) in [...]...
2. Indicative World Plan A comprehensive investigation of world agricultural production and trade begun in 1946 by the Food and Agricultural Organization. The object of the investigation was to assess (then) current conditions in agriculture, identify future needs and opportunities, and recommend strategies. Significant obj......
3. Fao Fao Fao (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Fao means: is a food and agriculture organization, founded in 1945. Covers questions of food resources and agricultural development in order to improve the lives of the peoples of the world. Embracing mainstream international law, this [...]...
4. Floating Currency Floating Currency in International Trade Meaning of Floating Currency, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): One whose value in terms of foreign currency is not kept stable (on the basis of the par value or a fixed relationship to some other currency) but [...]...
5. FAO Structure Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations StructureIntroduction to FAO StructureAt present the organization represents 187 member countries plus the European Union; it is headed by a director general. Each member nation has one vote in the general conference, the poli......
6. Peru The Legal History of Peru This section provides an overview of Peru Implementation: United States-Peru Trade Promotion Agreement ("ptpa") In relation to the international law practice and Implementation: United States-Peru Trade Promotion Agreement ("ptpa") in this world [...]...
7. Labor Law Glossary Most Popular Entries related to Labor Law Glossary Labor Law (in the World) Labor Law Outline (in the World) Labor Law Career (in the World) Labor Law Overtime (in the World) Child Labor Law (in the World) Labor Law Key Terms (in the World) Labor Law Glossary (in the World)...
8. Foreign Currency Translation The accounting process employed in expressing, in terms of a firm's reporting currency, those transactions that are denominated in a different currency.......
9. FAO Activities Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations ActivitiesIntroduction to FAO ActivitiesFunctions of the FAO include collecting, analyzing, and distributing information about nutrition, food, and agriculture; fostering conservation of natural resources; and promoting both a......
10. Reserve Currency Summary of Reserve Currency The currency of a major trading national, widely accepted in international transactions and regarded as stable, that is held by the central banks or monetary authorities of other nations as a form of collateral for their own currency. The use of reserve [...]...
11. Guest Currency The currency in which a Eurobond (read this and related legal terms for further details) or other financial obligation is issued. The currency is selected to be acceptable to both the foreign borrower and the lender, and......
12. Government Law Government ......
13. Forward Margin In foreign exchange transactions, the difference between the current, or "spot," price for a given currency and the price at some future date. If the "futures" price, that quoted by sellers of contracts for future purchase of that currency, is higher than the spot price, the subj......
14. Currency Currency in International Trade Meaning of Currency, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The circulating media of exchange in a country. Includes money and such financial instruments as checks. Resources See Also Public Finance Public Policy Tax Law [...]...
15. Trade-related Issues Trade Agreements and Trade-related Issues In relation to the international law practice and other trade agreements and trade-related issues in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: Trade, Commercial Relations, Investment, and Transportation About this [...]...
16. Key Currency The currency of a major trading nation widely accepted in settlement of international accounts. At present, eight currencies are regarded as key currencies and are known as the Big Eight ("https://lawin.org/list-of-international-trade-law-terms/">read this and related legal [...]...
17. Foreign Asset Control In the United States For information about Foreign Asset Control in the context of international trade, click here...
18. Trade In the United States For information about Trade in the context of international trade, click here Trade and the Laws of International Trade Prohibited actions Export Administration System Trade and the Laws of International Trade Intent Export Administration System American Coasting Trade: [...]...
19. Tariff Policy Related Fields Related topics include: International Trade Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Trade Regulation Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. International Economic Law Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Export License Find this subject in [...]...
20. Free Trade Commission Meeting of the CAFTA-DR Free Trade Commission In relation to the international law practice and Meeting of the Cafta-dr Free Trade Commission in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: Trade, Commercial Relations, Investment, Transportation About this subject: [...]...
21. Multinational Concept of Multinational An introductory definition of Multinational is provided here: Involving more than two nations. The term multinational can be contrasted with binational or bilateral (only two) or unilateral (only one). Concept of Multinational Note: explore also the meaning of this [...]...
22. Currency Future Currency Future in International Trade Meaning of Currency Future, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A contract for the future delivery of a commodity, currency, or security on a specific date. In contrast to forward contracts, future contracts are for [...]...
23. Currency Option Currency Option in International Trade Meaning of Currency Option, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The contractually agreed right to buy (call option) or to sell (put option) a specific amount of foreign currency at a predetermined price on a specific [...]...
24. Countries Sanctioned Countries Sanctioned and the Laws of International Trade Countries or entities currently subject to sanctions by the United States: Burma International Trade Control Legislation Countries currently subject to sanctions by the United States: The Iranian Assets Control Regulations: [...]...
25. Industries Sunrise vs Sunset Industries and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Sunrise vs Sunset Industries. The term "sunrise" refers to industries with the greatest potential for growth and [...]...
26. International Economic Institutions Institutions Related to International Economic Law In international economic law, institutions related to international economic law includes the following legal areas, with coverage in this world legal encyclopedia: li> International Labour Organization (ILO) Food and Agriculture Organization [...]...
27. Calorie Deficiency Resources See Also Food Agriculture Food Law Restaurant...
28. Food Composition Resources See Also Food Agriculture Food Law Restaurant...
29. Food Hygiene Resources See Also Food Agriculture Food Law Restaurant...
30. Food Requirements Resources See Also Food Agriculture Food Law Restaurant...
31. Food Reserve Resources See Also Food Agriculture Food Law Restaurant...
32. Food Supply Resources See Also Food Agriculture Food Law Restaurant...
33. Fiduciary Currency A currency backed solely by the faith of the government that issues it. The term does not carry the negative import often associated with fiat money (read this and related legal terms for further details). See also Money......
34. Nation Concept of Mfn An introductory definition of Mfn is provided here: Most Favoured Nation: every member is treated as well as the "most favoured one": ie: if U.S. offers low tariff to Canada on ice cubes: every other GATT member is entitled to the same treatment (see also free trade, [...]...
35. Calorie Resources See Also Food Agriculture Food Law Restaurant...
36. Enterprises Tripartite Declaration Of Principles Concerning Multinational Enterprises And Social Policy A pronouncement by the Governing Body of the International Labour Office concerning the obligations of multinational firms to the workers and societies within which they operate. The declaration [...]...
37. Employment Law Start a New Job or Losing a Job The Legal History of Labor and Employment Law This section provides an overview of Labor and Employment Law. Internet and Employment Law Intersection and the Electronic Commerce Related Fields Related topics include: Educational Appraisal Find this [...]...
38. Cambodia The Legal History of Cambodia This section provides an overview of Cambodia Resources See Also Legal System Country Jurisdiction Immigration Consulate Resources See Also Legal Biography Legal Traditions Historical Laws History of Law Further Reading Cambodia in the Oxford International [...]...
39. Forward Rate Forward Rate in International Trade Meaning of Forward Rate, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The price of a foreign currency that is bought or sold for delivery and payment at a fixed future time, usually 30, 60 or 90 days. Forward transactions enable [...]...
40. Convertible Currency Convertible Currency in International Trade Meaning of Convertible Currency, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A currency of a nation that may be exchanged for that of another nation without restrictions. Countries with convertible currencies typically [...]...
41. Credit Currency Synonymous with Fiduciary Currency (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
42. Exchange Control The system by which a government regulates possession of and dealings in foreign exchange. The principal objective of exchange control is to allocate foreign exchange to necessary imports and expenditures. Normally, the finance ministry or central bank is invested with the authority to issue [...]...
43. Free Trade Area Summary of Free Trade Area An association of states that seeks to overcome impediments to trade among members by reducing or eliminating tariffs among the participants. The members of a free trade area do not maintain a common external tariff nor do they (usually) provide for the free flow [...]...
44. Occupation Related Fields Related topics include: Educational Appraisal Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Educational Assessment Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Education Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Occupation Find this subject in this World [...]...
45. Development Economics Resources See Also Further Reading Information related to development economics in the Max Planck Encyclopedia of International Law(MPEPIL), Germany, United Kingdom...
46. Cooley Loans Foreign-currency-denominated loans by the U.S. government to foreign nations to permit the purchase of American agricultural commodities. The loans are authorized by an amendment to the Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act (...
47. Currency Risk The economic risk assumed by a lender or seller who is to be paid in units of a foreign currency that, when translated at some future date into his own currency, he will have sustained a loss (in terms of his own currency) because the foreign currency has depreciated in value prior to settlement of ......
48. Self-help Self-Help Summary of Self-Help A provision of Title I of the Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954 (commonly known as P.L. 480) that stipulates that an aid recipient nation must undertake steps to improve its own agriculture. This self-help is manifested through [...]...
49. Medical Law Medical Law......
50. Somalia The Legal History of Somalia This section provides an overview of Somalia Contact Group on Piracy Off the Coast of Somalia In relation to the international law practice and Contact Group on Piracy Off the Coast of Somalia in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: [...]...
51. World Economic Forum World Economic Forum in International Trade Meaning of World Economic Forum, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): International institution established in 1971 in Geneva, Switzerland, committed to improving the state of the world through public-private [...]...
52. Labor Relations Related Fields Related topics include: Labor Relations Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Industrial Relations Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Employment Relationship Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Trade Unionism Find this subject in [...]...
53. Family The Legal History of Family This section provides an overview of Family Family (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Family means: the United Nations General Assembly in its resolution 44/82 of 8 December 1989, proclaimed 1994 as the International Year of the Family (IYF) with its [...]...
54. European Currency Unit (ECU) European Currency Unit (ECU) and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of European Currency Unit (ECU): A unit of value based on a "currency basket" comprising specific amounts of the [...]...
55. Foreign Boycotts In the United States For information about Foreign boycotts in the context of international trade, click here...
56. Commercial Activity Commercial Activity in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): Section 1605(a)(2) of the FSIA provides that a foreign state is not immune from suit in any case "in which the action is based upon a [...]...
57. Foreign Debt Foreign Debt and Human Rights in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): On March 24, 2011, the United States voted against a Human Rights Council resolution extending the mandate of the independent expert [...]...
58. Forum (and Law) Shopping Forum (and Law) Shopping in Private International Law This section contain conflict of laws information and cross references related to forum (and law) shopping on some major countries and additional jurisdictions. It covers key issues involved when citizens face international situations. [...]...
59. Citizenship The Legal History of Citizenship This section provides an overview of Citizenship Cross References of Nationality, Citizenship, Immigration in International Law Real ID Act, information on International Criminal Law in this legal Encyclopedia.A.3. Constitutionality of state laws concerning [...]...
60. Housing The Legal History of Housing This section provides an overview of Housing Related Fields Related topics include: Housing Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Housing Discrimination Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Limited Equity Housing Find this subject in [...]...
61. Hard Money Hard Money (currency) in International Trade Meaning of Hard Money (currency), according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Currency of a nation having stability in the country and abroad. Refers to currency that is accepted internationally and freely convertible. [...]...
62. Trade Organizations World Trade Organization (WTO) Notion of of World Trade Organization (WTO): An international organization founded in 1995 to provide conciliation mechanisms to resolve trade conflicts between members and, if necessary, adjudicate disputes. The WTO provides a forum for ongoing negotiations in [...]...
63. Foreign Officials Immunity of Foreign Officials In relation to the international law practice and immunity of foreign officials in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: Privileges and Immunities About this subject:Ahmed v. Magan Note: there is detailed information and [...]...
64. World Trade Organization Functions World Trade Organization In relation to the international law practice and world trade organization in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: Trade, Commercial Relations, Investment, and Transportation About this subject:WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement [...]...
65. Dollar Shortage Synonymous with Dollar Deficit (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
66. International Currency Trends in International Political Economy: International CurrencyIntroduction to International CurrencyExplosive growth in the exchange of foreign currencies in international markets has also transformed the global political economy (see foreign exchange). Advanced telecommunicatio......
67. Convertible virtual currency Contents Convertible (or open) virtual currency Convertible (or open) virtual currency may be either centralized or decentralized. Convertible virtual currency ... Read more...
68. Foreign Sovereign Immunities Legislation Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act in 2013 United States views on international law [1] in relation to Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act: The Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act ("FSIA"), 28 U.S.C. §§ 1330, 1441, 1602–1611, governs claims of immunity in civil actions [...]...
69. Fishery Related Fields Related topics include: Fishery Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Fisheries Law Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Fishing License Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. United States Report to Congress on Implementation of Title [...]...
70. Food Related Fields Related topics include: Food Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Agriculture Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Food Law Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Restaurant Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Related [...]...
71. Social Rights In relation to the social rights and constitutional law, David Landau[1] made the following observation: Social rights are the rights of people to achieve their basic human needs. In domestic constitutional orders, common social rights include the right to healthcare (right to health), [...]...
72. Food Aid Resources See Also Further Reading Information related to food aid in the Max Planck Encyclopedia of International Law(MPEPIL), Germany, United Kingdom...
73. Food Law Introduction This entry provides an overview of the legal framework of food law, with a description of the most significant features of food law at international level. Related Work and Conclusions Resources See Also References (Papers) Water, Water, Nowhere: Adapting Water Rights For A [...]...
74. Labor Shortage Resources See Also Student Student Rights Higher Education Law School Teacher...
75. Teacher Shortage Resources See Also Student Student Rights Higher Education Law School Teacher...
76. Food Balance A nation's supply of food relative to its population.......
77. Food Reserves A nation's stockpile of food in excess of current requirements; used primarily in relation to measurement of the shortfall or excess of food production by developing nations.......
78. Food and Beverages Law Food and Beverages Law......
79. Food Safety Food safety and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Food safety provided by the European Union Commission: The European Union has made food safety one of the main priorities of its policy agenda. It is a horizontal objective to be taken into account in several areas of Community [...]...
80. Food Issues Food in 2013 United States views on international law [1] in relation to Food: On March 21, 2013, the United States joined consensus on a resolution adopted by at the 22nd session of the HRC on the right to food. U.N. Doc. A/HRC/RES/22/9. Attorney Adviser Julianna Bentes delivered the [...]...
81. Food Policy Resources See Also Further Reading Information related to food policy in the Max Planck Encyclopedia of International Law(MPEPIL), Germany, United Kingdom...
82. Food Contamination Resources See Also Chemical Armament...
83. Food Security Resources See Also Economic Development Social development...
84. Food Subsidy Resources See Also Taxation Public Finance Public Policy Tax Law Financial Regulation...
85. Food And Agriculture Organization Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Introduction to Food and Agriculture Organization Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), specialized United Nations agency whose main goal is to eliminate hunger on a world scale. The organization's mandate is [...]...
86. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Organization United Nations United Nations System UN Agency...
87. Food Industry Resources See Also Farming Farm Bill Agricultural Law Agriculture Reform Agriculture...
88. Food Importing Developing Countries The Decision on LLDCs and Food Importing Developing Countries (NFIDC) This section provides an overview of the decision on lldcs and food importing developing countries (nfidc) within the legal context of Sectorial Agreements in international economic law (Main Regulatory Areas)....
89. The Right to Food In relation to the the right to food and constitutional law, Mathilde Cohen[1] made the following observation: In the face of persistent chronic hunger in some regions of the world and malnutrition in others, the recognition of the right to food is on the rise. The notion of a right to [...]...
90. Right to Adequate Food This section provides an overview of right to adequate food within the legal context of International Economic Law and Human Rights in international economic law (Cross-Cutting Challenges). Resources Further Reading Bernard O'Connor, "Right to Adequate Food," Elgar Encyclopedia [...]...
91. Contaminated Food Resources See Also Food Agriculture Food Law Restaurant...
92. World Food Program Introduction to World Food ProgramWorld Food Program (WFP), unit of the United Nations, created in 1961 by the General Assembly as a three-year experimental project of the UN and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the UN. In 1965 the assembly voted to extend the program "fo......
93. World Food Council WFC – World Food Council Further ReadingA concise encyclopedia of the United Nations (including World Food Council , H Volger, KA Annan -2010) The Oxford Handbook on the United Nations (TG Weiss - 2007) International Law: A Dictionary (including World Food Council , Boczek, Boleslaw Adam [...]...
94. World Food Programme WFP – World Food Programme Further Reading A concise encyclopedia of the United Nations (including World Food Programme , H Volger, KA Annan -2010) The Oxford Handbook on the United Nations (TG Weiss - 2007) International Law: A Dictionary (including World Food Programme , Boczek, [...]...
95. International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture Contents Title of the Treaty The International Treaty on Plant ... Read more...
96. Oil-for-food Program Embracing mainstream international law, this section on oil-for-food program explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "oil-for-food program" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law [...]...
97. A-Z Encyclopedia of Food Controversies and the Law Contents The A-Z Encyclopedia of Food Controversies and the Law Bibliographic Details Title: The A-Z Encyclopedia of Food Controversies and ... Read more...
98. International Union of Food, Agricultural, Hotel, Restaurant, Catering, Tobacco and Allied Workers' Associations Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration...
99. Foreign Sovereign Inmunity Act Contents Foreign Sovereign Inmunity Act US main Decisions: 1. Philippines v. Pimentel 2. Philippines v. Pimentel 3. Owens v. Sudan ... Read more...
100. Foreign Laws Contents Foreign Laws Secondary Sources: The subscription-based Foreign Law Guide: Current Sources of Codes and Basic Legislation in Jurisdictions of ... Read more...
101. Forced heirship Hello Contents Forced heirship Legitime, Falcidian portion , Forced heirship, Disposable portion Forced heirs are descendants of the deceased who ... Read more...
102. Foreign Trade Foreign Trade Definition Foreign Trade is the exchange of goods and services between nations. Goods can be defined as finished products, as intermediate goods used in producing other goods, or as agricultural products and foodstuffs. Introduction International trade enables a [...]...
103. Force Majeure Summary of Force Majeure A superior or irresistible force, the impact of which is to discharge parties to a contract from their obligations to perform. Examples of such conditions are acts of war, governmental edicts, or natural disasters.(Main Author: William J. Miller) [...]...
104. Tax System Summary of Forced Tax System A practice applied in some countries (most notably in Europe) in which corporate income taxes are computed by a governmental agency. Unlike the American system, under which the firm prepares its own return and computes its tax liability (subject to subsequent [...]...
105. Foreign Corporation A corporation operating in a jurisdiction other than the one in which it was chartered. For example, a corporation chartered in France and one chartered in Connecticut would be equally foreign in New York. Occasionally the term alien corporation is applied to distinguish corporations chartered in no......
106. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act A Federal law, adopted in 1977, that forbids any U.S. company, its officers, employees, directors, agents, or major stockholders to make payments to any foreign official, candidate for office, or political party as an inducement to obtain, retain, or expand business. Violation of the act authorizes ......
107. Foreign Currency Statement A financial statement prepared using a functional currency other than that in which the firm customarily reports.......
108. Foreign Entity Within the meaning of financial Accounting Standards Board Statement No. 8 (read this and related legal terms for further details) relative to accounting for foreign currency transactions, aforeign entity is an affiliate......
109. Foreign Freight Forwarder A firm, licensed by the Federal Maritime Commission, that serves as the agent of a merchant in arranging the shipment of goods by water. Among other services, the forwarder obtains vessel space, prepares documents, and arranges delivery of merchandise to the pier.The forwarder is paid a......
110. Foreign International Sales Corporation A foreign corporation controlled by a Domestic International Sales Corporation(read this and related legal terms for further details) (DISC) that satisfies the requirements of Section 993 of the Internal Reve......
111. Forfaiting A means of financing trade based upon the transfer of debt obligations arising from the sale of goods and services, usually exports. The merchant sells to the forfaiter, without recourse, the debt obligation of the foreign purchaser, usually in the form of a trade bill of exchange or promissory [...]...
112. Forty-Forty-Twenty A provision of the Unctad Code Of Conduct For Liner Conferences (read this and related legal terms for further details) that calls for a system of cargo preference in which 40 percent of export cargoes would move on shi......
113. Forward Exchange Contract An agreement to exchange, at a specified future date, a fixed number of units of one currency for a fixed number of units of another currency. Such contracts are often procured by merchants when they must settle future accounts in a foreign currency and wish to protect against possible losses [...]...
114. Forwarder's Receipt A document issued by a freight forwarder acknowledging receipt of merchandise into his custody for purposes of shipment to a specified location. This receipt is not a bill of lading and does not attest to actual shipment of the goods; accordingly, it is not acceptable under letter of credit transac......
115. Fourth Seacoast A reference to the Great Lakes as an area of maritime activity.......
116. Forcible and Statutory Rape Criminal Law: Crimes Against the Person: Forcible and Statutory RapeIntroduction to Forcible and Statutory RapeThe common law felony of rape referred to forcible rape. It was defined as unlawful sexual intercourse with a woman by a man who was not her husband, without the woman'......
117. Foreclosure Introduction to ForeclosureForeclosure, legal process in which a person who has made a mortgage (the mortgagor) in order to borrow money loses his or her rights to the mortgaged property. A mortgage represents security-generally real estate-for money loaned. The mortgagor retains possession......
118. Forensic Science Techniques Forensic Science Techniques of Forensic ScienceIntroduction to Forensic Science TechniquesForensic science uses sophisticated laboratory techniques to detect the presence of substances in the victim, in the suspected criminal, or at the crime scene. For example, in determining whet......
119. Forestry Law Forestry Law......
120. Forum Non Conveniens Definition of Forum Non Conveniens In accordance with the work A Dictionary of Law, this is a description of Forum Non Conveniens : (Latin: not in agreement with the judicial forum) A doctrine that permits a court to decline to accept jurisdiction over a case, so that the case may be tried in [...]...